Emprendimiento y liderazgo en las IES: Fomentando la Innovación Empresarial

This study focuses on the role of entrepreneurship and leadership in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to promote business innovation in the Volcanoes Zone. The main objective is to analyze how leadership influences the promotion of entrepreneurship and the generation of business innovation in this region. A mixed methodology is used that combines student surveys and interviews with academic and business leaders, complemented by the analysis of educational programs and policies of the HEI. The results highlight that inspiring and entrepreneurial leadership has a direct impact on the formation of an innovative business culture among students. Leadership initiatives that encourage collaboration with local businesses and provide entrepreneurial resources are identified as positively influencing students' willingness to start their own projects. These findings highlight the importance of the synergy between educational leadership and entrepreneurship in HEIs to stimulate business innovation and economic development in the Volcanoes Zone.Este estudio se enfoca en el papel del emprendimiento y el liderazgo en las Instituciónes de Educación Superior (IES) para fomentar la innovación empresarial en la Zona Volcanes. El objetivo principal es analizar cómo el liderazgo influye en la promoción del emprendimiento y la generación de innovación empresarial en esta región. Se utiliza una metodología mixta que combina encuestas a estudiantes y entrevistas con líderes académicos y empresariales, complementadas con el análisis de programas educativos y políticas de la IES. Los resultados destacan que el liderazgo inspirador y orientado al emprendimiento tiene un impacto directo en la formación de una cultura empresarial innovadora entre los estudiantes. Se identifica que las iniciativas de liderazgo que fomentan la colaboración con empresas locales y proporcionan recursos emprendedores influyen positivamente en la disposición de los estudiantes a iniciar sus propios proyectos. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de la sinergia entre el liderazgo educativo y el emprendimiento en la IES para estimular la innovación empresarial y el desarrollo económico en la Zona Volcanes

Heavy metal pollution in drinking water - a global risk for human health: A review

Water resources in the world have been profoundly influenced over the last years by human activities, whereby the world is currently facing critical water supply and drinking water quality problems. In many parts of the world heavy metal (HM) concentrations in drinking water are higher than some international guideline values. Discussing about the HM pollution in drinking water, the incorporation of them into the food chain, and their implications as a global risk for the human health, are the objectives of this review. It is known that there are million people with chronic HM poisoning which has become a worldwide public health issue, while 1.6 million children die each year from diseases for which contaminated drinking water is a leading cause. There is also evidence of HM in drinking water that are responsible for causing adverse effect on human health through food chain contamination. A global effort to offering affordable and healthy drinking water most to be launched throughout the world, while various laws and regulations to protect and improve the utilization of drinking water resources should be updated or created throughout the world, including the low income countries; otherwise, the problem of HM-polluted drinking water will be growing because demand for drinking water is still growing such as this problem will become even more pressing in the future. Finally, notwithstanding, additional researches are necessaries about the correlation between HM concentration in drinking water and human diseases, while the development of robust, cheap and sustainable technologies to improve the drinking water quality is necessary.Key words: Groundwater, aquifer, water quality, water pollution, microorganism, water supply, microbial communities, food chain, disease

Increasing Antioxidant Activity and Protein Digestibility in Phaseolus vulgaris and Avena sativa by Fermentation with the Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus

[EN] The aim of the research was to determine the impact of fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus on kidney beans, black beans, and oats. The results indicate that the fungus has a positive effect on the substrates when compared to the controls. The antioxidant activity (39.5% on kidney beans and 225% on oats in relation to the controls) and content of total polyphenols (kidney beans three times higher regarding the controls) increased significantly by the presence of the fungus mycelium, even after simulated digestion. There was a significant increase in protein digestibility (from 39.99 to 48.13% in black beans, 44.06 to 69.01% in kidney beans, and 63.25 to 70.01% in oats) and a decrease of antinutrient tannins (from 65.21 to 22.07 mg in black beans, 35.54 to 23.37 in kidney beans, and 55.67 to 28.11 in oats) as well as an increase in the contents of some essential amino acids. Overall, this fermentation treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus improved the nutritional quality of cereals and legumes, making them potential ingredients for the elaboration and/or fortification of foods for human nutrition.We would like to thank Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa (CONACyT) for financially supporting E.E.-P to obtain her Ph.D. (scholarship 446871).Espinosa Paéz, E.; Alanis-Guzman, MG.; Hernandez Luna, C.; Baez Gonzalez, JG.; Amaya-Guerra, CA.; Andrés Grau, AM. (2017). Increasing Antioxidant Activity and Protein Digestibility in Phaseolus vulgaris and Avena sativa by Fermentation with the Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus. Molecules. 22(12):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122275S1112212Betoret, E., Betoret, N., Vidal, D., & Fito, P. (2011). Functional foods development: Trends and technologies. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 22(9), 498-508. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2011.05.004Xu, B. J., Yuan, S. H., & Chang, S. K. C. (2007). 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Qualitas Plantarum Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 34(1), 53-65. doi:10.1007/bf01095072Papaspyridi, L.-M., Aligiannis, N., Topakas, E., Christakopoulos, P., Skaltsounis, A.-L., & Fokialakis, N. (2012). Submerged Fermentation of the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in a Batch Stirred Tank Bioreactor as a Promising Alternative for the Effective Production of Bioactive Metabolites. Molecules, 17(3), 2714-2724. doi:10.3390/molecules17032714Wang, D., Sakoda, A., & Suzuki, M. (2001). Biological efficiency and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on spent beer grain. Bioresource Technology, 78(3), 293-300. doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(01)00002-5Zieliński, H., & Kozłowska, H. (2000). Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Cereal Grains and Their Different Morphological Fractions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(6), 2008-2016. doi:10.1021/jf990619oSinsabaugh, R. L. (2010). Phenol oxidase, peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42(3), 391-404. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.014Vergara-Domínguez, H., Gandul-Rojas, B., & Roca, M. (2011). Formation of oxidised chlorophyll catabolites in olives. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(6), 851-857. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2011.02.003Granito, M., Paolini, M., & Pérez, S. (2008). Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Phaseolus vulgaris stored under extreme conditions and processed. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 41(6), 994-999. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.014Giardina, P., Palmieri, G., Fontanella, B., Rivieccio, V., & Sannia, G. (2000). Manganese Peroxidase Isoenzymes Produced by Pleurotus ostreatus Grown on Wood Sawdust. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 376(1), 171-179. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1691Cardador-Martínez, A., Loarca-Piña, G., & Oomah, B. D. (2002). Antioxidant Activity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)§. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(24), 6975-6980. doi:10.1021/jf020296nPeterson, D. M. (2001). Oat Antioxidants. Journal of Cereal Science, 33(2), 115-129. doi:10.1006/jcrs.2000.0349Sharma, R. K., & Arora, D. S. (2013). Fungal degradation of lignocellulosic residues: An aspect of improved nutritive quality. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 41(1), 52-60. doi:10.3109/1040841x.2013.791247Xu, B. J., & Chang, S. K. C. (2008). Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Eclipse Black Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Affected by Processing Methods. Journal of Food Science, 73(2), H19-H27. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00625.xBouayed, J., Hoffmann, L., & Bohn, T. (2011). Total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion and dialysis of apple varieties: Bioaccessibility and potential uptake. Food Chemistry, 128(1), 14-21. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.052Mojica, L., Chen, K., & de Mejía, E. G. (2014). Impact of Commercial Precooking of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on the Generation of Peptides, After Pepsin-Pancreatin Hydrolysis, Capable to Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV. Journal of Food Science, 80(1), H188-H198. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12726Dias, D. R., Abreu, C. M. P. de, Silvestre, M. P. C., & Schwan, R. F. (2010). In vitro protein digestibility of enzymatically pre-treated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flour using commercial protease and Bacillus sp. protease. Food Science and Technology, 30(1), 94-99. doi:10.1590/s0101-20612010005000010Starzyńska-Janiszewska, A., Stodolak, B., & Mickowska, B. (2013). Effect of controlled lactic acid fermentation on selected bioactive and nutritional parameters of tempeh obtained from unhulled common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ) seeds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(2), 359-366. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6385Mkandawire, N. L., Weier, S. A., Weller, C. L., Jackson, D. S., & Rose, D. J. (2015). 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Mycelial growth evaluation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agrocybe aegerita on pear pomaces. Anales de Biología, (37). doi:10.6018/analesbio.37.1Hernández-Luna, C. E., Gutiérrez-Soto, G., & Salcedo-Martínez, S. M. (2007). Screening for decolorizing basidiomycetes in Mexico. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(4), 465-473. doi:10.1007/s11274-007-9495-3Gan, R.-Y., Li, H.-B., Gunaratne, A., Sui, Z.-Q., & Corke, H. (2017). Effects of Fermented Edible Seeds and Their Products on Human Health: Bioactive Components and Bioactivities. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(3), 489-531. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12257Hu, J., & Duvnjak, Z. (2004). Production of a Laccase and Decrease of the Phenolic Content in Canola Meal during the Growth of the FungusPleurotus ostreatus in Solid State Fermentation Processes. Engineering in Life Sciences, 4(1), 50-55. doi:10.1002/elsc.200400005Lamothe, S., Corbeil, M.-M., Turgeon, S. L., & Britten, M. (2012). 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Structure and tree diversity of secondary dry tropical forests in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Morelos

"Se estudió la recuperación en riqueza, composición, estructura y diversidad arbórea en 3 condiciones de bosque tropical caducifolio secundario con diferente tiempo de abandono (C35, C45 y C65 años) en el sureste del estado de Morelos. En cada condición se establecieron 3 unidades de muestreo de 50 × 50 m (2,500 m2) y se midieron a todos los individuos ≥ 2.5 cm de diámetro normal (DN). En total se registraron 2,791 individuos, pertenecientes a 79 especies, 53 géneros y 30 familias. Fabaceae fue la familia con el mayor número de especies e individuos. C45 presentó la mayor riqueza de especies (57), seguida de C35 (48) y C65 (43). Las condiciones fueron diferentes (p < 0.0001) en área basal, altura total, DN y cobertura de copa. Las especies con mayores índices relativos de valor de importancia (IVIR) y de valor forestal (IVFR) fueron Pachycereus grandis (IVIR = 22.6, IVFR = 28.7), Amphipterygium adstringens (IVIR = 20.9, IVFR = 17.0), Lysiloma divaricatum (IVIR = 11.2, IVFR = 18.9) y Quercus glaucoides (IVIR = 10.5, IVFR = 13.1). Se encontraron diferencias altamente significativas (p < 0.001) entre condiciones de abandono para la heterogeneidad (Shannon-Wiener: H´), y valores significativamente (p < 0.05) mayores en C65 para el recíproco de Simpson (1/D), así como en C35 y C45 para los índices de Margalef (DMG) y α de Fisher (S). La semejanza florística (Sorensen: Is) fue máxima entre condiciones con menor tiempo de abandono (72%) y mínima con la condición de mayor tiempo (54%). El procedimiento de permutación de respuesta múltiple indicó diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en la composición de especies entre condiciones tempranas (C35 y C45) y tardías (C65). Estos resultados explican el proceso de la sucesión secundaria en los bosques tropicales caducifolios del área de estudio y dan elementos para efectuar una mejor planificación de las actividades conducentes a su conservación.""The recovery in richness, composition, structure and tree diversity was studied in three conditions of secondary tropical deciduous forest with different time of abandonment (C35, C45 and C65 years) in the southeast of the state of Morelos. In each condition, three plots of 50 × 50 m (2,500 m2) were established and all individuals ≥ 2.5 cm of normal diameter (ND) were measured. In total, 2,791 individuals belonging to 79 species, 53 genera and 30 families were registered. Fabaceae was the family with the largest number of species and individuals. C45 had the highest species richness (57), followed by C35 (48) and C65 (43). The conditions were different (p < 0.0001) in basal area, total height, ND and crown coverage. The species with the highest relative value of importance (IVIR) and forest value (IVFR) were Pachycereus grandis (IVIR = 22.6, IVFR = 28.7), Amphipterygium adstringens (IVIR = 20.9, IVFR = 17.0), Lysiloma divaricatum (IVIR =11.2, IVFR = 18.9) and Quercus glaucoides (IVIR = 10.5, IVFR = 13.1). High significant differences (p < 0.001) between abandonment conditions were found for heterogeneity (Shannon-Wiener: H’), and highest significant values (p < 0.05) for Simpson reciprocal index (1/D) in C65, as well as to Margalef (DMG) and Fisher’s α (S) indexes in C35 and C45. The floristic similarity (Sorensen: Is) was highest among conditions with less time of abandonment (72%) and minimum with the condition of greater time (54%). The multiple response permutation procedure indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the species composition between early (C35 and C45) and late (C65) conditions. These results explain the process of secondary succession in the tropical deciduous forests of the study area and provide elements for improve planning of the activities leading to its conservation.

Structural and elastic properties of defect chalcopyrite HgGa2S4 under high pressure

In this work, we focus on the study of the structural and elastic properties of mercury digallium sulfide (HgGa2S4) at high pressures. This compound belongs to the family of AB(2)X(4) ordered-vacancy compounds and exhibits a tetragonal defect chalcopyrite structure. X-ray diffraction measurements at room temperature have been performed under compression up to 15.1 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. Our measurements have been complemented and compared with ab initio total energy calculations. The axial compressibility and the equation of state of the low-pressure phase of HgGa2S4 have been experimentally and theoretically determined and compared to other related ordered-vacancy compounds. The pressure dependence of the theoretical cation-anion and vacancy-anion distances and compressibilities in HgGa2S4 are reported and discussed in comparison to other related ordered-vacancy compounds. Finally, the pressure dependence of the theoretical elastic constants and elastic moduli of HgGa2S4 has been studied. Our calculations indicate that the low-pressure phase of HgGa2S4 becomes mechanically unstable above 13.8 GPa. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.This study was supported by the Spanish government MEC under Grants No: MAT2010-21270-C04-01/03/04 and CTQ2009-14596-C02-01, by the Comunidad de Madrid and European Social Fund (S2009/PPQ-1551 4161893), by MALTA Consolider Ingenio 2010 Project (CSD2007-00045), by Generalitat Valenciana (GVA-ACOMP-2013-1012), and by the Vicerrectorado de Investigacion y Desarrollo of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (UPV2011-0914 PAID-05-11 and UPV2011-0966 PAID-06-11). E.P-G., A. M., and P.R-H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Espa ola de Supercomputacion (RES) and MALTA-Cluster. J.A.S. acknowledges Juan de la Cierva fellowship program for financial support.Gomis Hilario, O.; Santamaría-Pérez, D.; Vilaplana Cerda, RI.; Luna Molina, R.; Sans, JA.; Manjón Herrera, FJ.; Errandonea, D.... (2014). Structural and elastic properties of defect chalcopyrite HgGa2S4 under high pressure. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 583:70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.08.123S707858