THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIANT BARRIER AS REFLECTIVE INSULATION IN ROOFS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN TROPICAL CLIMATE

Nowadays, g)obaJ wawiog hav~ ~n an jnt~mational jssu~s and world problem. Global warming happens due to the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth~s atmosphere and oceans. It is because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. These activities contribute to the C02 gasses emissions. Finding has made by IPCC SRES in year 1990 to 2010, the caroon emission increased by year from 21 to 31 (billion tons per year). In order to reduce the heat, a few campaign was conduct and rehabilitation work been done. Every sector in industries especially in building construction they also contribute to the gasses emission by energy consumed by human for living and working. Based on case study, buildings consume one-third of the world energy and worldwide building energy consumption is expected to grow by 45% from year 2002 to year 2025. As in tropical countries experience high levels of heat radiation from the sun and leads to discomfort to humans and surroundings. Air conditioning is widely used to encounter this problem, which consumes high levels of energy. Therefore, this research aims to quantity the reduction in indoor temperature and to verity the positive effect of installing reflective insulation in roofs on indoor parameters. The research methodology consist of I) construction of 2 down -scale model of experimental house (600 x 600 x 500mm) to study the effect of reflective insulation of indoor temperature and 2) insulation material 3) Roof color and 4 ) the house allocated. Data collection is conducted every hour from Sam to 5pm for seven days. The result shows that the insulated houses quantify the most reduction with 37.69"/o and the reduction of temperature difference is at 10.27%. From the result, the behavior of parameters measured show that insulated house has a better thermal performance compared to the coritrol house. ln future it is important to implement a cool roof to preserve our nature and sustainability development

A one-year cost–utility analysis of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta versus resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic cross-clamping for non-compressible torso haemorrhage

Introduction Major trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults, especially from massive non- compressible torso haemorrhage. The standard technique to control distal haemorrhage and maximise central perfusion is resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic cross-clamping (RTACC). More recently, the minimally invasive technique of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been developed to similarly limit distal haemor- rhage without the morbidity of thoracotomy; cost–utility studies on this intervention, however, are still lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a one-year cost–utility analysis of REBOA as an intervention for patients with major traumatic non-compressible abdominal haemorrhage, compared to RTACC within the U.K.’s National Health Service. Methods A retrospective analysis of the outcomes following REBOA and RTACC was conducted based on the published literature of survival and complication rates after intervention. Utility was obtained from studies that used the EQ- 5D index and from self-conducted surveys. Costs were calculated using 2016/2017 National Health Service tariff data and supplemented from further literature. A cost–utility analysis was then conducted. Results A total of 12 studies for REBOA and 20 studies for RTACC were included. The mean injury severity scores for RTACC and REBOA were 34 and 39, and mean probability of death was 9.7 and 54%, respectively. The incremental cost- effectiveness ratio of REBOA when compared to RTACC was £44,617.44 per quality-adjusted life year. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, by exceeding the National Institute for Health and Clinical Effectiveness’s willingness-to-pay threshold of £30,000/quality-adjusted life year, suggests that this intervention is not cost-effective in comparison to RTACC. However, REBOA yielded a 157% improvement in utility with a comparatively small cost increase of 31.5%. Conclusion Although REBOA has not been found to be cost-effective when compared to RTACC, ultimately, clinical experience and expertise should be the main factor in driving the decision over which intervention to prioritise in the emergency context

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIANT BARRIER AS REFLECTIVE INSULATION IN ROOFS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN TROPICAL CLIMATE

Nowadays, g)obaJ wawiog hav~ ~n an jnt~mational jssu~s and world problem. Global warming happens due to the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth~s atmosphere and oceans. It is because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. These activities contribute to the C02 gasses emissions. Finding has made by IPCC SRES in year 1990 to 2010, the caroon emission increased by year from 21 to 31 (billion tons per year). In order to reduce the heat, a few campaign was conduct and rehabilitation work been done. Every sector in industries especially in building construction they also contribute to the gasses emission by energy consumed by human for living and working. Based on case study, buildings consume one-third of the world energy and worldwide building energy consumption is expected to grow by 45% from year 2002 to year 2025. As in tropical countries experience high levels of heat radiation from the sun and leads to discomfort to humans and surroundings. Air conditioning is widely used to encounter this problem, which consumes high levels of energy. Therefore, this research aims to quantity the reduction in indoor temperature and to verity the positive effect of installing reflective insulation in roofs on indoor parameters. The research methodology consist of I) construction of 2 down -scale model of experimental house (600 x 600 x 500mm) to study the effect of reflective insulation of indoor temperature and 2) insulation material 3) Roof color and 4 ) the house allocated. Data collection is conducted every hour from Sam to 5pm for seven days. The result shows that the insulated houses quantify the most reduction with 37.69"/o and the reduction of temperature difference is at 10.27%. From the result, the behavior of parameters measured show that insulated house has a better thermal performance compared to the coritrol house. ln future it is important to implement a cool roof to preserve our nature and sustainability development

Hubungan Antara Citra Diri dan Motivasi Penggunaan Make Up Terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Mahasiswi Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Self-confidence is an important thing to achieve someone’s life goals. Everyone has a different level of self-confidence, because everyone also has a different level of self-image and self-motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-image and motivation of using make up with the self-confidence for female students in Psychology Major of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The hypotheses proposed in this study are: 1) there is a positive relationship between self-image and motivation of using make up with self-confidence, 2) there is a positive relationship between self-image and self-confidence, 3) there is a positive relationship between motivation of using make up and self-confidence. The subjects in this study were 100 female students of the Psychology Major of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta grade 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13. The data were collected using a self-image scale, a motivation of using make up scale, and a self-confidence scale. The data analysis used was multiple regression analysis with SPSS 16.0. The results showed R = 0.768, which means that there is a positive relationship between self-image and 2 motivation of using make up on female students self-confidence, then the correlation coefficient (rxy) = 0.768 and p = 0.000 (p 0.05), which means that there is no significant relationship between the motivation of using make up with self-confidence for female students

Integration of genetic and physical maps of the Primula vulgaris S locus and localization by chromosome in situ hybridization

•Heteromorphic flower development in Primula is controlled by the S locus. The S locus genes, which control anther position, pistil length and pollen size in pin and thrum flowers, have not yet been characterized. We have integrated S-linked genes, marker sequences and mutant phenotypes to create a map of the P. vulgaris S locus region that will facilitate the identification of key S locus genes. We have generated, sequenced and annotated BAC sequences spanning the S locus, and identified its chromosomal location. •We have employed a combination of classical genetics and three-point crosses with molecular genetic analysis of recombinants to generate the map. We have characterized this region by Illumina sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, together with chromosome in situ hybridization. •We present an integrated genetic and physical map across the P. vulgaris S locus flanked by phenotypic and DNA sequence markers. BAC contigs encompass a 1.5-Mb genomic region with 1 Mb of sequence containing 82 S-linked genes anchored to overlapping BACs. The S locus is located close to the centromere of the largest metacentric chromosome pair. •These data will facilitate the identification of the genes that orchestrate heterostyly in Primula and enable evolutionary analyses of the S locus

Transcriptionally active HERV-H retrotransposons demarcate topologically associating domains in human pluripotent stem cells.

Chromatin architecture has been implicated in cell type-specific gene regulatory programs, yet how chromatin remodels during development remains to be fully elucidated. Here, by interrogating chromatin reorganization during human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation, we discover a role for the primate-specific endogenous retrotransposon human endogenous retrovirus subfamily H (HERV-H) in creating topologically associating domains (TADs) in hPSCs. Deleting these HERV-H elements eliminates their corresponding TAD boundaries and reduces the transcription of upstream genes, while de novo insertion of HERV-H elements can introduce new TAD boundaries. The ability of HERV-H to create TAD boundaries depends on high transcription, as transcriptional repression of HERV-H elements prevents the formation of boundaries. This ability is not limited to hPSCs, as these actively transcribed HERV-H elements and their corresponding TAD boundaries also appear in pluripotent stem cells from other hominids but not in more distantly related species lacking HERV-H elements. Overall, our results provide direct evidence for retrotransposons in actively shaping cell type- and species-specific chromatin architecture

Assessment of Minimal Residual Disease in Standard-Risk AML

BACKGROUND: Despite the molecular heterogeneity of standard-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), treatment decisions are based on a limited number of molecular genetic markers and morphology-based assessment of remission. Sensitive detection of a leukemia-specific marker (e.g., a mutation in the gene encoding nucleophosmin [NPM1]) could improve prognostication by identifying submicroscopic disease during remission. METHODS: We used a reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction assay to detect minimal residual disease in 2569 samples obtained from 346 patients with NPM1-mutated AML who had undergone intensive treatment in the National Cancer Research Institute AML17 trial. We used a custom 51-gene panel to perform targeted sequencing of 223 samples obtained at the time of diagnosis and 49 samples obtained at the time of relapse. Mutations associated with preleukemic clones were tracked by means of digital polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Molecular profiling highlighted the complexity of NPM1-mutated AML, with segregation of patients into more than 150 subgroups, thus precluding reliable outcome prediction. The determination of minimal-residual-disease status was more informative. Persistence of NPM1-mutated transcripts in blood was present in 15% of the patients after the second chemotherapy cycle and was associated with a greater risk of relapse after 3 years of follow-up than was an absence of such transcripts (82% vs. 30%; hazard ratio, 4.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.95 to 7.80; P<0.001) and a lower rate of survival (24% vs. 75%; hazard ratio for death, 4.38; 95% CI, 2.57 to 7.47; P<0.001). The presence of minimal residual disease was the only independent prognostic factor for death in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 4.84; 95% CI, 2.57 to 9.15; P<0.001). These results were validated in an independent cohort. On sequential monitoring of minimal residual disease, relapse was reliably predicted by a rising level of NPM1-mutated transcripts. Although mutations associated with preleukemic clones remained detectable during ongoing remission after chemotherapy, NPM1 mutations were detected in 69 of 70 patients at the time of relapse and provided a better marker of disease status. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of minimal residual disease, as determined by quantitation of NPM1-mutated transcripts, provided powerful prognostic information independent of other risk factors. (Funded by Bloodwise and the National Institute for Health Research; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN55675535.)

On staying grounded and avoiding Quixotic dead ends

The 15 articles in this special issue on The Representation of Concepts illustrate the rich variety of theoretical positions and supporting research that characterize the area. Although much agreement exists among contributors, much disagreement exists as well, especially about the roles of grounding and abstraction in conceptual processing. I first review theoretical approaches raised in these articles that I believe are Quixotic dead ends, namely, approaches that are principled and inspired but likely to fail. In the process, I review various theories of amodal symbols, their distortions of grounded theories, and fallacies in the evidence used to support them. Incorporating further contributions across articles, I then sketch a theoretical approach that I believe is likely to be successful, which includes grounding, abstraction, flexibility, explaining classic conceptual phenomena, and making contact with real-world situations. This account further proposes that (1) a key element of grounding is neural reuse, (2) abstraction takes the forms of multimodal compression, distilled abstraction, and distributed linguistic representation (but not amodal symbols), and (3) flexible context-dependent representations are a hallmark of conceptual processing

Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

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