1,128 research outputs found
Improving utility management: case study from Lesotho
This paper documents the process of developing a Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) and an Unaccounted for Water
(UfW) Action Plan by the Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA). This is part of a SIDA-funded Water Utilities Partnership
(WUP) management capacity building project towards increased coverage of water and sewerage provision to low-income
peri-urban communities. The facilitating project team was made up of members of the Water, Engineering and Development
Centre (WEDC) and Severn Trent International (STI). WASA’s Corporate Plan (PIP), developed as a collaborative venture
across the organization, includes findings of financial and performance reviews, a situational analysis, key objectives and
the strategic activities required to achieve these. A Pilot Area Action Plan for UfW was identified as A District Metering
Area with bulk meters installed and an UfW Unit planned. Target levels for the proposed performance indicators are as yet
incomplete but the impact of involvement with the project has been positive with many related issues being taken forward
as a direct result of this project
Detecting fractions of electrons in the high- cuprates
We propose several tests of the idea that the electron is fractionalized in
the underdoped and undoped cuprates. These include the ac Josephson effect, and
tunneling into small superconducting grains in the Coulomb blockade regime. In
both cases, we argue that the results are qualitatively modified from the
conventional ones if the insulating tunnel barrier is fractionalized. These
experiments directly detect the possible existence of the chargon - a charge
spinless boson - in the insulator. The effects described in this paper
provide a means to probing whether the undoped cuprate (despite it's magnetism)
is fractionalized. Thus, the experiments discussed here are complementary to
the flux-trapping experiment we proposed in our earlier work(cond-mat/0006481).Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
The high temperature expansion of the classical chain
We present the -expansion of the Helmholtz free energy of the
classical model, with a single-ion anisotropy term and in the presence of
an external magnetic field, up to order . We compare our results to
the numerical solution of Joyce's [Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 581 (1967)] expression
for the thermodynamics of the classical model, with neither single-ion
anisotropy term nor external magnetic field. This comparison shows that the
derived analytical expansion is valid for intermediate temperatures such as
. We show that the specific heat and magnetic
susceptibility of the spin-2 antiferromagnetic chain can be approximated by
their respective classical results, up to , within an error
of 2.5%. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the ferromagnetic and
antiferromagnetic chains have the same classical Helmholtz free energy. We show
how this two types of media react to the presence of an external magnetic
field
Criticality of the Mean-Field Spin-Boson Model: Boson State Truncation and Its Scaling Analysis
The spin-boson model has nontrivial quantum phase transitions at zero
temperature induced by the spin-boson coupling. The bosonic numerical
renormalization group (BNRG) study of the critical exponents and
of this model is hampered by the effects of boson Hilbert space
truncation. Here we analyze the mean-field spin boson model to figure out the
scaling behavior of magnetization under the cutoff of boson states . We
find that the truncation is a strong relevant operator with respect to the
Gaussian fixed point in and incurs the deviation of the exponents
from the classical values. The magnetization at zero bias near the critical
point is described by a generalized homogeneous function (GHF) of two variables
and . The universal function has a
double-power form and the powers are obtained analytically as well as
numerically. Similarly, is found to be a GHF of
and . In the regime , the truncation produces no effect.
Implications of these findings to the BNRG study are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
The Influence of Solar Flares on the Lower Solar Atmosphere: Evidence from the Na D Absorption Line Measured by GOLF/SOHO
Solar flares presumably have an impact on the deepest layers of the solar
atmosphere and yet the observational evidence for such an impact is scarce.
Using ten years of measurements of the Na D and Na D Fraunhofer
lines, measured by GOLF onboard SOHO, we show that this photospheric line is
indeed affected by flares. The effect of individual flares is hidden by solar
oscillations, but a statistical analysis based on conditional averaging reveals
a clear signature. Although GOLF can only probe one single wavelength at a
time, we show that both wings of the Na line can nevertheless be compared. The
varying line asymmetry can be interpreted as an upward plasma motion from the
lower solar atmosphere during the peak of the flare, followed by a downward
motion.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Disordered Hubbard Model with Attraction: Coupling Energy of Cooper Pairs in Small Clusters
We generalize the Cooper problem to the case of many interacting particles in
the vicinity of the Fermi level in the presence of disorder. On the basis of
this approach we study numerically the variation of the pair coupling energy in
small clusters as a function of disorder. We show that the Cooper pair energy
is strongly enhanced by disorder, which at the same time leads to the
localization of pairs.Comment: revtex, 5 pages, 6 figure
Field-Induced Quantum Criticality of Systems with Ferromagnetically Coupled Structural Spin Units
The field-induced quantum criticality of compounds with ferromagnetically
coupled structural spin units (as dimers and ladders) is explored by applying
Wilson's renormalization group framework to an appropriate effective action. We
determine the low-temperature phase boundary and the behavior of relevant
quantities decreasing the temperature with the applied magnetic field fixed at
its quantum critical point value. In this context, a plausible interpretation
of some recent experimental results is also suggested.Comment: to be published in Physics Letters
Selected Topics in Three- and Four-Nucleon Systems
Two different aspects of the description of three- and four-nucleon systems
are addressed. The use of bound state like wave functions to describe
scattering states in collisions at low energies and the effects of some
of the widely used three-nucleon force models in selected polarization
observables in the three- and four-nucleon systems are discussed.Comment: Presented at the 21st European Conference on Few-Body Problems in
Physics, Salamanca, Spain, 30 August - 3 September 201
Pseudogap and Conduction Dimensionalities in High-T_c Superconductors
The nature of normal state charge-carriers' dynamics and the transition in
conduction and gap dimensionalities between 2D and 3D for YBa_2 Cu_3
O_{7-delta} and Bi_2 Sr_2 Ca_{1-x} Y_x Cu_2 O_8 high-T_c superconductors were
described by computing and fitting the resistivity curves, rho(T,delta,x).
These were carried out by utilizing the 2D and 3D Fermi liquid (FL) and
ionization energy (E_I) based resistivity models coupled with charge-spin (CS)
separation based t-J model [Phys. Rev. B 64, 104516 (2001)]. rho(T,delta,x)
curves of Y123 and Bi2212 samples indicate the beginning of the transition of
conduction and gap from 2D to 3D with reduction in oxygen content (7-delta) and
Ca^{2+} (1-x) as such, c-axis pseudogap could be a different phenomenon from
superconductor and spin gaps. These models also indicate that the recent MgB_2
superconductor is at least not Y123 or Bi2212 type.Comment: To be published in Physica
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