Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Mineral Contents of Seedless Parts and Seeds of Grapes

In this study, phenolic compounds, minerals, total flavonoids, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the seedless parts (pulp+skin) and seeds of table and wine grapes were determined. Also, the total oil, tocopherol contents and fatty acid composition of seed oils of table and wine grapes were investigated. The highest total phenolic content of the grape pulp was found in Trakya ilkeren (199.063mg/100 g), while total flavonoid and antioxidant activity of the pulp was determined at a high level in Red Globe (6.810 mg/g, 90.948%). Antioxidant activity, and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of grape seeds varied between 86.688 and 90.974%, 421.563 and 490.625 mg GAE/100 g, and 90.595 and 145.595 mg/g respectively (p < 0.05). Generally, the main phenolic compounds of all grape pulps and seeds were gallic acid, 3,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene. In addition, the oil contents of grape seeds ranged from 5.275 (Çavuş) to 13.881% (Çınarlı karası) (p < 0.05). The major fatty acids of grape seed oils were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid. The seed oil of the Trakya ilkeren variety was rich in tocopherols in comparison with the other varieties. The major minerals of both the seedless parts and the seeds were determined as K, Ca, P, S, Mg

Bioactive Properties, Fatty Acid Composition and Mineral Contents of Grape Seed and Oils

The oil content of grape seed samples changed between 4.53% (Adakarası) and 11.13% (Sauvignon blanc). While the linoleic acid contents of grape seed oils ranged from 47.34% (Sangiovese) to 72.91% (Cinsaut), the oleic acid contents varied between 13.35% (Cabernet Sauvignon) and 26.30% (Sangiovese) (p < 0.05). Also, the palmitic acid and stearic acid contents of grape seed oils ranged from 7.15% (Cinsaut) to 16.06% (Sangiovese) and from 2.43% (Narince) to 6.55% (Sangiovese) respectively (p < 0.05). The flavonoid contents of the seeds changed between 263.53 (mg CE/g) and 1 706.00 (mg CE/g) (Cabernet Sauvignon). Total phenols were found to be between 6 711.14 (mg GA/g extract) (Sangiovese) and 8 818.69 (mg GA/g extract) (Narince). The linoleic contents of oils changed from between 47.34% (Sangiovese) and 72.91% (Cinsaut). The K contents of the grape seed samples changed between 4 347.80 mg/kg (Cabernet Sauvignon) and 9 492.60 mg/kg (Gamay) (p < 0.05). The Fe contents of seeds were found to be between 29.96 mg/kg (Narince) and 73.82 mg/kg (Sangiovese). As a result, the current study shows that grape seeds are useful for human nutrition due to their components

Clinical longevity of extensive direct resin composite restorations after amalgam replacement with a mean follow-up of 15 years

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to determine the survival of extensive direct resin composite restorations after amalgam replacement on vital molars and premolars after a mean observation period of 15 years.Methods: Between January 2007 and September 2013, a total of 117 extensive cusp replacing direct resin composite restorations were placed in 88 patients in a general dental practice. These were indicated for replacement of existing amalgam restorations. Tooth vitality, the absence of at least one cusp in premolars, and at least two cusps in molars were considered for inclusion. The long-term follow-up of the restorations, re-evaluated after up to 17 years using the original evaluation criteria is reported.Results: 81 of 88 patients (92.1%) and 106 of 117 restorations (90.6%) were available for follow-up. The cumulative success rate was 62.0% (95% CI: 47.3–76.2, AFR 2.79%) after a mean observation time of 163.4 months, the cumulative survival rate was 74.7% (95% CI: 59.8–89.6%, AFR: 1.70%) after a mean observation time of 179.1 months. The number of cusps replaced in premolars had a statistically significant influence on the success and survival rate of the restorations (HR of respectively, 2.974 and 3.175, p = &lt;0.0005). Premolars with two cusps replaced had 297% more chance of failure than premolars with one cusp replaced.Conclusions: Extensive direct resin composite restorations placed after amalgam replacement showed good survival after a mean observation period of 15 years. The number of cusps involved had a statistically significant influence on the longevity of the restorations in premolars.Clinical Significance: With good survival and low annual failure rates, direct resin composite restorations are a suitable treatment for repairing extensive defects in posterior teeth involving multiple cusps and surfaces, provided that they are placed by a dentist who has long experience and is skilled in the placement of direct composite materials.</p

Collider aspects of flavour physics at high Q

This review presents flavour related issues in the production and decays of heavy states at LHC, both from the experimental side and from the theoretical side. We review top quark physics and discuss flavour aspects of several extensions of the Standard Model, such as supersymmetry, little Higgs model or models with extra dimensions. This includes discovery aspects as well as measurement of several properties of these heavy states. We also present public available computational tools related to this topic.Comment: Report of Working Group 1 of the CERN Workshop ``Flavour in the era of the LHC'', Geneva, Switzerland, November 2005 -- March 200

Variation in neurosurgical management of traumatic brain injury

Background: Neurosurgical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is challenging, with only low-quality evidence. We aimed to explore differences in neurosurgical strategies for TBI across Europe. Methods: A survey was sent to 68 centers participating in the Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study. The questionnaire contained 21 questions, including the decision when to operate (or not) on traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and intracerebral hematoma (ICH), and when to perform a decompressive craniectomy (DC) in raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Results: The survey was completed by 68 centers (100%). On average, 10 neurosurgeons work in each trauma center. In all centers, a neurosurgeon was available within 30 min. Forty percent of responders reported a thickness or volume threshold for evacuation of an ASDH. Most responders (78%) decide on a primary DC in evacuating an ASDH during the operation, when swelling is present. For ICH, 3% would perform an evacuation directly to prevent secondary deterioration and 66% only in case of clinical deterioration. Most respondents (91%) reported to consider a DC for refractory high ICP. The reported cut-off ICP for DC in refractory high ICP, however, differed: 60% uses 25 mmHg, 18% 30 mmHg, and 17% 20 mmHg. Treatment strategies varied substantially between regions, specifically for the threshold for ASDH surgery and DC for refractory raised ICP. Also within center variation was present: 31% reported variation within the hospital for inserting an ICP monitor and 43% for evacuating mass lesions. Conclusion: Despite a homogeneous organization, considerable practice variation exists of neurosurgical strategies for TBI in Europe. These results provide an incentive for comparative effectiveness research to determine elements of effective neurosurgical care

Changes in Chemical Composition and Olive Oil Quality of Turkish Variety 'Kilis yağlık' with Regard to Origin of Plantation

'Kilis yağlık' is the most common variety cultivated in the South-east region of Turkey and represents around 52% of the growing area. During the last few years new cultivars have been introduced in South regions being mostly the cultivar "Gemlik" without evaluating their behaviours in this environment. Unfortunately, it is now understood that this cultivar with good plantation characteristics did not adapt well to the environmental conditions of South Turkey. This has led to an increase in the need of research on traditional autochthonous cultivars. 'Kilis yağlık' although shows alternate; has a high yield of fruits. The aim of this work is was to study changes in virgin olive oil composition of 'Kilis yağlık' variety according to origin of plantation. Olives from this variety were collected in four characteristic and representative olive growing locations in South-east of Turkey. The analytical parameters studied were fatty acid composition, total phenolics, chlorophylls and carotenoids, free acidity, peroxide value, colour indexes and some individual phenolic compounds. The contents of some of the individual phenolics (tyrosol, hydroxyl tyrosol, oleuropein, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 3-4 hydroxy benzoic acid, taxifolin, verbascoside, vanillic acid, luteolin, apigenin and rutin) were determined with a qualitative and quantitative analysis performed by HPLC-DAD

Changes in Chemical Composition and Olive Oil Quality of Turkish Variety ‘Kilis Yağlık’ with Regard to Origin of Plantation

'Kilis yağlık' is the most common variety cultivated in the South-east region of Turkey and represents around 52% of the growing area. During the last few years new cultivars have been introduced in South regions being mostly the cultivar "Gemlik" without evaluating their behaviours in this environment. Unfortunately, it is now understood that this cultivar with good plantation characteristics did not adapt well to the environmental conditions of South Turkey. This has led to an increase in the need of research on traditional autochthonous cultivars. 'Kilis yağlık' although shows alternate; has a high yield of fruits. The aim of this work is was to study changes in virgin olive oil composition of 'Kilis yağlık' variety according to origin of plantation. Olives from this variety were collected in four characteristic and representative olive growing locations in South-east of Turkey. The analytical parameters studied were fatty acid composition, total phenolics, chlorophylls and carotenoids, free acidity, peroxide value, colour indexes and some individual phenolic compounds. The contents of some of the individual phenolics (tyrosol, hydroxyl tyrosol, oleuropein, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 3-4 hydroxy benzoic acid, taxifolin, verbascoside, vanillic acid, luteolin, apigenin and rutin) were determined with a qualitative and quantitative analysis performed by HPLC-DAD

Chemical Composition of The Essential Oil of The Flowers and Leaves of Çalba Tea (Dorystoechas hastata Boiss & Helder. ex Bentham)

Abstract: The essential oils of flower and leaves of Dorystoechas hastata Boiss & Helder. ex Bentham, grown in Turkey, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GS-MS. Fourty components were identified in the flowers oil, which represented about 93.97% of the total composition of the oil. The major constituents of the flower essential oil were myrcene (19.37%), 1,8-cineole (14.30%), ß-pinene (9.19%), ?-pinene (8.49%) and ß-caryophyllene (6.18%). Thirty-seven components were established in the leaves oil, making up 97.16% of the total composition. The main constituents of the essential oil of the leaves were myrcene (20.71%), 1,8-cineole (18.76%), ß-pinene (12.51%), ?-pinene (8.54%), bornyl acetate (7.28%) and terpinene-4-ol (6.19%). As seen, myrcere, 1,8-cineole and ß-pinene for both oils were the main components. © 2016 Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons

Essential oil composition of the turpentine tree (Pistacia terebinthus L.) fruits growing wild in Turkey

Constituents of essential oils from fruit samples of the turpentine tree (Pistacia terebinthus L.) collected from fifteen different localities of Turkey on August 2001 were identified by GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds representing 92.3-100.0% of turpentine fruit oils were identified. The oil yields varied between 0.06% and 0.16%. The highest yield of oil was obtained from fruits of Antalya origin (Akbaş-Serik) (0.16%). α-Pinene (51.3%), limonene (39.0%), p-cymen-8-ol (40.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (51.0%) were found as major components for different localities in Turkey. The predominant constituents in most samples were α-pinene (9.5-51.3%), limonene (tr-39.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (tr-51.5). Except for one collection (Manavgat-Antalya), which contained spathulenol (20.7%) and p-cymen-8-ol (40.0%), all the other samples yielded oils rich in α-pinene and limonene. β-Caryophyllene oxide is the most abundant compound in Hisarönü (İzmir), Alanya (Antalya) and Yayladaǧ (Hatay) oils. Results confirm the effect of locality on the oil content and composition. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved