Geografía-Paisaje-Taxonomía.

Para llegar a una clasificación taxonómica de los paisajes geográficos: 1º, se propone una definición de la geografía; 2º, se interpreta el paisaje geográfico como un conjunto de unidades funcionales, que se denominan individuos de paisaje, los cuales permiten dividir el paisaje con un criterio objetivo; 3º, se comentan el concepto, es tructura, funcionamiento y límites del individuo de paisaje; 4º, se propone una ordenación taxonómica de los individuos de paisaje, asi como su correspondiente nomenclatura, paralelas a las usadas para los seres vivos; 5º, se mencionan 83 taxones de dicha clasificación

A Performance Analysis Framework for WiFi/WiMAX Heterogeneous Metropolitan Networks Based on Cross-Layer Design

The communication between network nodes within different protocol domains is often regarded simply as a black box with unknown configuration conditions in the path. We address network heterogeneity using a white box approach and focus on its interconnection processes. To achieve this purpose, a Performance Analysis Framework (PAF) is proposed which is composed of the formalization of the latter using process algebra (PA) and the corresponding teletraffic performance models. In this contribution, we target the IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 protocols. For the teletraffic models, we extend previous models for such scenario with the inclusion of the following protocol operational parameters (metrics): bit error rate (BER), packet error ratio (PER), and packet length (pl). From the framework teletraffic models, the optimal packet length (OPL), end to end throughput, delay, and packet loss are obtained. The PAF outperforms previous modeling solutions in terms of delay and throughput relative to NS3 simulation results. </jats:p

Gene expression analyses determine two different subpopulations in KIT-negative GIST-like (KNGL) patients

Introduction: There are limited findings available on KIT-negative GIST-like (KNGL) population. Also, KIT expression may be post-transcriptionally regulated by miRNA221 and miRNA222. Hence, the aim of this study is to characterize KNGL population, by differential gene expression, and to analyze miRNA221/222 expression and their prognostic value in KNGL patients. Methods: KIT, PDGFRA, DOG1, IGF1R, MIR221 and MIR222 expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. We also analyzed KIT and PDGFRA mutations, DOG1 expression, by immunohistochemistry, along with clinical and pathological data. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) differences were calculated using Log-rank test. Results: Hierarchical cluster analyses from gene expression data identified two groups: group I had KIT, DOG1 and PDGFRA overexpression and IGF1R underexpression and group II had overexpression of IGF1R and low expression of KIT, DOG1 and PDGFRA. Group II had a significant worse OS (p = 0.013) in all the series, and showed a tendency for worse OS (p = 0.11), when analyzed only the localized cases. MiRNA222 expression was significantly lower in a control subset of KIT-positive GIST (p < 0.001). OS was significantly worse in KNGL cases with higher expression of MIR221 (p = 0.028) or MIR222 (p = 0.014). Conclusions: We identified two distinct KNGL subsets, with a different prognostic value. Increased levels of miRNA221/222, which are associated with worse OS, could explain the absence of KIT protein expression of most KNGL tumors

Evaluación del ISTH-BAT en los trastornos plaquetarios congénitos: correlación clínica, laboratorio y molecular

CO-153 Introducción: Los trastornos plaquetarios congénitos (TPC) son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades raras, que se clasifican en trombocitopenias hereditarias (THs) y en trombocitopatías hereditarias (TFPs). Su identificación inicial y su diagnóstico final son complejos. Éste, se basa en la la historia clínica, la exploración física, pruebas de laboratorio fenotípicas y la confirmación de la alteración molecular subyacente. Por otra parte, la valoración de la clínica hemorrágica suele ser subjetiva, por lo que la Sociedad Internacional de Trombosis y Hemostasia (ISTH) recomienda la utilización de escalas de sangrado (bleeding assessment tools, BAT). Los objetivos de nuestros estudios fueron a) evaluar la clínica hemorrágica con el ISTH-BAT en pacientes diagnosticados de TPC, b) su comparación entre THs y TFPs y c) su relación con las pruebas funcionales y moleculares. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 138 pacientes con TPC incluidos en el proyecto nacional “Caracterización funcional y molecular de los TPC” de la SETH. La clínica hemorrágica se evaluó mediante el ISTHBAT, obteniendo un score de sangrado (BS). El diagnóstico fenotípico se realizó mediante hemograma y frotis de sangre periférica, la función plaquetaria mediante agregometría de transmisión de luz (LTA) y citometría de flujo (CMF) y el diagnóstico molecular mediante secuenciación ..

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli strains NRRL B-30843, DSM 26131, KCCM11133P or DSM 25085 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by AMAC EEIG

This opinion concerns L-threonine as a feed additive produced by four different strains derived from Escherichia coli K-12. Three strains are genetically modified (GM): NRRL B-30843, KCCM11133P and DSM 26131. L-Threonine produced by E. coli DSM 26131 could not be assessed because of the insufficient molecular characterisation of the genetic modification, and the lack of data on both the absence of the production strain and its recombinant DNA from the final product. No safety concerns were found in the products related to the genetic modification of the other GM strains or to antibiotic resistance of the producer strains. L-Threonine products made by fermentation using E. coli strains NRRL B-30843, KCCM11133P and DSM 25085 are free of the production strain and have a high purity (>= 98.8 %). L-Threonine, technically pure, produced by E. coli strains NRRL B-30843, KCCM11133P and DSM 25085 is safe for the target animals when used in appropriate amounts to supplement threonine-deficient feeds, for the consumer of animal products and for the environment. The FEEDAP Panel considers that L-threonine produced by E. coli strains NRRL B-30843, KCCM11133P or DSM 25085 is not an irritant to eyes and skin, and is not a skin sensitiser. There is no risk from inhalation of L-threonine, but concerns may arise from the content of endotoxins in the products. These L-threonine products are considered an efficacious source of the amino acid L-threonine for all animal species. For L-threonine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it requires protection against degradation in the rumen. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed ( FEEDAP) has concerns regarding the safety of the simultaneous oral administration of L-threonine via water for drinking and feed

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate when used as technological additives for all animal species based on two dossiers from Nutrinova Nutrition Specialties &amp; Food Ingredients GmbH

Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are already authorised for use in food and feed as preservatives. Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are safe when used at the maximum proposed dose in feed for pigs, poultry, dogs and cats (2 500 (sorbic acid) and 3 400 (potassium sorbate) mg/kg complete feed) and young ruminants (6 700 (sorbic acid) and 9 000 (potassium sorbate) mg/kg complete feed). This conclusion is extended to all other animal species at maximum concentrations of 2 500 (sorbic acid) and 3 400 (potassium sorbate) mg/kg complete feed. Both additives are considered safe for target animals when used in water for drinking, provided that the same maximum exposure is respected. No residues of sorbic acid or potassium ions are expected in edible products of food-producing animals when fed sorbic acid or potassium sorbate at the maximum proposed concentrations. Therefore, their use in feed up to the maximum proposed level is considered safe for the consumer. Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are skin, eye and respiratory tract irritants. The use of sorbic acid and its potassium salt in animal nutrition would not pose a risk to the environment. As sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are food additives authorised within the EU for use as preservatives, it is reasonable to expect that the effect in food will be observed in feed when used at comparable concentrations and under similar conditions. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) has reservations about the effectiveness of sorbic acid and its potassium salt as preservatives in complete feedingstuffs with a moisture content of <= 12 %

Safety and efficacy of Bacillus&#160;subtilis DSM&#160;28343 as a feed additive for chickens for fattening

The additive is a preparation containing viable spores of a strain of Bacillus subtilis which has never been authorised in the EU. It is intended to be used in feeds for chickens for fattening at the recommended dose of 1 9 109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg complete feedingstuffs. The bacterial species B. subtilis is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. As the identity of the active agent has been established and the susceptibility to antibiotics and lack of toxigenic potential have been demonstrated, the use of Bacillus subtilis DSM 28343 can be presumed safe for the target species, consumers of products derived from animals fed the additive and the environment. Bacillus subtilis DSM 28343 is not an eye/ skin irritant but should be considered as a potential respiratory sensitiser. In the absence of data, no conclusion can be drawn on the skin sensitisation potential. Bacillus subtilis DSM 28343 at the proposed dose has the potential to be efficacious in improving growth of chickens for fattening. B. subtilis DSM 28343 is compatible with the coccidiostats lasalocid A sodium, diclazuril, monensin sodium, maduramicin ammonium, decoquinate, nicarbazin, robenidine hydrochloride and halofuginone hydrobromide

Study of Tau-pair Production in Photon-Photon Collisions at LEP and Limits on the Anomalous Electromagnetic Moments of the Tau Lepton

Tau-pair production in the process e+e- -> e+e-tau+tau- was studied using data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP2 during the years 1997 - 2000. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 650 pb^{-1}. The values of the cross-section obtained are found to be in agreement with QED predictions. Limits on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau lepton are deduced.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.

CP asymmetry in B→ϕKSB \to \phi K_S in a general two-Higgs-doublet model with fourth-generation quarks

We discuss the time-dependent CP asymmetry of decay $B \to \phi K_S$ in an extension of the Standard Model with both two Higgs doublets and additional fourth-generation quarks. We show that although the Standard Model with two-Higgs-doublet and the Standard model with fourth generation quarks alone are not likely to largely change the effective $\sin 2 \beta$ from the decay of $B \to \phi K_S$, the model with both additional Higgs doublet and fourth-generation quarks can easily account for the possible large negative value of $\sin 2 \beta$ without conflicting with other experimental constraints. In this model, additional large CP violating effects may arise from the flavor changing Yukawa interactions between neutral Higgs bosons and the heavy fourth generation down type quark, which can modify the QCD penguin contributions. With the constraints obtained from $b \to s \bar{s} s$ processes such as $B \to X_s \gamma$ and $\Delta m_{B_s^0}$, this model can lead to the effective $\sin 2 \beta$ to be as large as $- 0.4$ in the CP asymmetry of $B \to \phi K_S$.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, references added, to appear in Eur.Phys.J.