58 research outputs found
Young and Intermediate-age Distance Indicators
Distance measurements beyond geometrical and semi-geometrical methods, rely
mainly on standard candles. As the name suggests, these objects have known
luminosities by virtue of their intrinsic proprieties and play a major role in
our understanding of modern cosmology. The main caveats associated with
standard candles are their absolute calibration, contamination of the sample
from other sources and systematic uncertainties. The absolute calibration
mainly depends on their chemical composition and age. To understand the impact
of these effects on the distance scale, it is essential to develop methods
based on different sample of standard candles. Here we review the fundamental
properties of young and intermediate-age distance indicators such as Cepheids,
Mira variables and Red Clump stars and the recent developments in their
application as distance indicators.Comment: Review article, 63 pages (28 figures), Accepted for publication in
Space Science Reviews (Chapter 3 of a special collection resulting from the
May 2016 ISSI-BJ workshop on Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space
Age
Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses
To understand neurological complications of COVID-19 better both acutely and for recovery, we measured markers of brain injury, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies in 203 hospitalised participants; 111 with acute sera (1–11 days post-admission) and 92 convalescent sera (56 with COVID-19-associated neurological diagnoses). Here we show that compared to 60 uninfected controls, tTau, GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are increased with COVID-19 infection at acute timepoints and NfL and GFAP are significantly higher in participants with neurological complications. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, HGF, M-CSF, CCL2, and IL-1RA) are associated with both altered consciousness and markers of brain injury. Autoantibodies are more common in COVID-19 than controls and some (including against MYL7, UCH-L1, and GRIN3B) are more frequent with altered consciousness. Additionally, convalescent participants with neurological complications show elevated GFAP and NfL, unrelated to attenuated systemic inflammatory mediators and to autoantibody responses. Overall, neurological complications of COVID-19 are associated with evidence of neuroglial injury in both acute and late disease and these correlate with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses acutely
Evolution of mass discharge and decompression rates during the Plinian phase of the Bronze-Age eruption of Santorini
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653 HISTOLOGIC EVIDENCE OF ACTIVE LIVER INJURY IN HBEAG-POSITIVE AND HBEAG-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS WITH NORMAL OR MINIMALLY ELEVATED ALANINE TRANSAMINASE
Hospital burden and practical management of oral anticoagulant therapy related spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages over the years
Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization
Cleavage factor I(m) (CF I(m)) is required for the first step in pre-mRNA 3'-end processing and can be reconstituted in vitro from its heterologously expressed 25- and 68-kDa subunits. The binding of CF I(m) to the pre-mRNA is one of the earliest steps in the assembly of the cleavage and polyadenylation machinery and facilitates the recruitment of other processing factors. We identified regions in the subunits of CF I(m) involved in RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization. CF I(m)68 has a modular domain organization consisting of an N-terminal RNA recognition motif and a C-terminal alternating charge domain. However, the RNA recognition motif of CF I(m)68 on its own is not sufficient to bind RNA but is necessary for association with the 25-kDa subunit. RNA binding appears to require a CF I(m)68/25 heterodimer. Whereas multiple protein interactions with other 3'-end-processing factors are detected with CF I(m)25, CF I(m)68 interacts with SRp20, 9G8, and hTra2beta, members of the SR family of splicing factors, via its C-terminal alternating charge domain. This domain is also required for targeting CF I(m)68 to the nucleus. However, CF I(m)68 does not concentrate in splicing speckles but in foci that partially colocalize with paraspeckles, a subnuclear component in which other proteins involved in transcriptional control and RNA processing have been found
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