El Comento contra setenta y tres estancias atribuido a Quevedo: observaciones en torno a su autoría, edición y anotación

Este trabajo pretende esbozar el estado de la cuestión en torno a una obrita muy poco conocida y atribuida a Francisco de Quevedo: el Comento contra setenta y tres estancias… Las consideraciones que se realizan sobre este opúsculo, de autoría aún incierta, sirven como paso previo a la edición crítica y anotada del mismo. Antes de abordar el aspecto esencial del artículo, la necesidad de replantear el problema de la autoría, a partir del análisis de las posibles relaciones con escritos quevedianos, el artículo contextualiza el Comento , una glosa satírica del Elogio descriptivo —poema escrito por Ruiz de Alarcón para conmemorar la llegada a España del Príncipe de Gales en 1623—, con datos sobre el momento histórico, el género del opúsculo en prosa y la transmisión del mismo. This article tries to update the situation of a short writing almost unknown and sometimes attributed to Francisco de Quevedo: the Comento contra setenta y tres estancias. The explanations about this text, that has yet an uncertain author, are the basis to achieve a critical and philological annotated edition. The article begins offering the context of the Comento –a satirical gloss of the Elogio descriptivo, a poem written by Ruiz de Alarcón to commemorate the Prince of Wales’ arrival in Spain, in 1623. It also deals with matters like the historical period, the genre or the textual transmission of the Comento. To end, the article puts forward consideration the convenience of reconsidering the problem of authorship, providing an analysis about the possible relations of the text with some Quevedo’s works

La poesía de Quevedo no incluida en las ediciones de 1648 y 1670: una propuesta acerca de la ordenación y el contenido de la «Musa décima»

Como paso previo, este artículo comienza proponiendo tres criterios para la edición crítica de la poesía de Quevedo: el primero, respetar, con las correcciones necesarias, la ordenación en musas prevista por su autor; el segundo, ofrecer una solución coherente para los poemas de los que existen versiones alternativas por haber sido adaptados por Quevedo para diferentes contextos; el tercero, hacer otro tanto con las versiones manuscritas anteriores a las ediciones de 1648 (El Parnaso Español) y 1670 (Las tres musas últimas). Una vez clarificado así el panorama, este trabajo se centra en la posible elaboración de una décima sección, la «décima musa», constituida por poemas no incluidos, ni susceptibles de ser incluidos, en las nueve musas: un corpus de unos 150 textos, a los que se añaden los salmos del Heráclito. Por último, se esboza otra sección consagrada a los poemas atribuibles a Quevedo pero de autoría no indiscutible

La fecha de Doctrina moral de Quevedo

El artículo propone un cambio de enfoque en las investigaciones sobre la fecha de redacción de Doctrina moral de Quevedo: aunque relacionado con el problema, el asunto de la vinculación entre Doctrina moral y la «Carta a Tamayo de Vargas» debe relegarse un tanto para centrar la atención en los datos que ofrecen los testimonios que han transmitido el tratado moral. Así enfocado, el análisis de cuatro manuscritos (dos de ellos no utilizados hasta ahora en las ediciones de la obra) y dos impresiones permite aventurar que Doctrina moral (con la carta mencionada como preliminar) pudo haberse escrito en torno a 1612 y, en todo caso, antes de 1628, fecha en la cual se copia ya en un cancionero manuscrito de Zaragoza. Entre 1612 y 1630, año de la primera edición de la obra, Quevedo habría seguido trabajando en ella, introduciendo variantes sustanciales que hacen de Doctrina moral uno de los abundantes casos de textos quevedianos escritos en distintas fases de redacción

Stability of Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods

AbstractIn this paper, a general and detailed study of linear stability of Runge–Kutta–Nyström (RKN) methods is given. In the case that arbitrarily stiff problems are integrated, we establish a condition that RKN methods must satisfy so that a uniform bound for stability can be achieved. This condition is not satisfied by any method in the literature. Therefore, a stable method is constructed and some numerical comparisons are made

Assessment of the antioxidant properties of tomato extracts: A synergistic approach using in vitro chemical tests and cell-based assays

The aim of this research was to assess the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of lipophilic (Lextr) and hydrophilic (Hextr) tomato extracts using in vitro chemical tests and cell-based assays, focusing on possible synergistic actions between tomato antioxidants. Both Hextr and Lextr were HPLC analysed for their carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid contents. For the evaluation of TAA, extracts were assayed alone or in combination using in vitro chemical tests (TEAC, FRAP) and cell-based (CAA) assays using human hepatoma (HepG2) and human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) cells. The only carotenoid detected in Lextr was lycopene, while a mixture of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin) was identified in Hextr. Ascorbic acid was not found either in Hextr or in Lextr. Upon extract combination (1:1, v/v), the FRAP assay revealed additive action between Lextr and Hextr, whilst a slight synergistic action was observed in TAA as measured by the TEAC assay. Synergistic action was better revealed when TAA was analysed using either U937 or HepG2 cells. This could be explained by the presence of a multiphase media (cell membrane and extra- and intracellular media) that might facilitate the distribution and interaction of antioxidants with different polarities and different mechanisms of action

Constructing Formally Verified Reasoners for the ALC Description Logic

AbstractDescription Logics are a family of logics used to represent and reason about conceptual and terminological knowledge. Recently, its importance has been increased since they are used as a basis for the Ontology Web Language (OWL) used for the Semantic Web. In previous work, we have developed in PVS a generic framework for reasoning in the ALC description logic, proving its termination, soundness and completeness. In this paper we present the construction, from the generic framework, of a formally verified generic tableau-based algorithm for checking satisfiability of ALC-concepts. We do it using a methodology of refinements to transfer the properties from the framework to the algorithm. We also obtain some verified reasoners from the algorithm by a process of instantiation

Endothelial Connexin37 and Connexin40 participate in basal but not agonist-induced NO release.

BACKGROUND: Connexin37 (Cx37) and Cx40 are crucial for endothelial cell-cell communication and homeostasis. Both connexins interact with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The exact contribution of these interactions to the regulation of vascular tone is unknown. RESULTS: Cx37 and Cx40 were expressed in close proximity to eNOS at cell-cell interfaces of mouse aortic endothelial cells. Absence of Cx37 did not affect expression of Cx40 and a 50 % reduction of Cx40 in Cx40(+/-) aortas did not affect the expression of Cx37. However, absence of Cx40 was associated with reduced expression of Cx37. Basal NO release and the sensitivity for ACh were decreased in Cx37(-/-) and Cx40(-/-) aortas but not in Cx40(+/-) aortas. Moreover, ACh-induced release of constricting cyclooxygenase products was present in WT, Cx40(-/-) and Cx40(+/-) aortas but not in Cx37(-/-) aortas. Finally, agonist-induced NO-dependent relaxations and the sensitivity for exogenous NO were not affected by genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Cx37 is more markedly involved in basal NO release, release of cyclooxygenase products and the regulation of the sensitivity for ACh as compared to Cx40

Chandra observations of the luminous infrared galaxy NGC 3256

We present a detailed analysis of high-resolution Chandra observations of the merger system NGC 3256, the most infrared-luminous galaxy in the nearby universe. The X-ray data show that several discrete sources embedded in complex diffuse emission contribute 20 per cent of the total emission in the 0.5–10 keV energy range). The compact sources are hard and extremely bright and their emission is probably dominated by accretion-driven processes. Both galaxy nuclei are detected with LX3–10×1040 erg s1. No evidence is found for the presence of an active nucleus in the southern nucleus, contrary to previous speculation. Once the discrete sources are removed, the diffuse component has a soft spectrum that can be modelled by the superposition of three thermal plasma components with temperatures kT=0.6, 0.9 and 3.9 keV. Alternatively, the latter component can be described as a power law with index Γ3. Some evidence is found for a radial gradient of the amount of absorption and temperature of the diffuse component. We compare the X-ray emission with optical, Hα and NICMOS images of NGC 3256 and find a good correlation between the inferred optical/near-infrared and X-ray extinctions. Although inverse Compton scattering could be important in explaining the hard X-rays seen in the compact sources associated with the nuclei, the observed diffuse emission is probably of thermal origin. The observed X-ray characteristics support a scenario in which the powerful X-ray emission is driven solely by the current episode of star formation

Gene expression analysis in cold stress conditions reveals BBX20 and CLO as potential biomarkers for cold tolerance in almond

Late spring frosts can become one of the limiting factors for the expansion of cultivation area towards a harsher climate for the almond [Prunus amygdalus Batsch syn P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] crop as spring frost can damage up to 90% of the harvest. In order to identify key genes favoring cold tolerance in almonds, branches from three late-blooming genotypes: ‘Guara’, ‘Soleta’ and ‘Belona’ were exposed at -4¿C during 24 h in a constant climate chamber. Phenotype analysis showed that ‘Guara’ and ‘Soleta’ had a greater acclimation capacity to cold than ‘Belona’. The qRT-PCR BioMark System technology was used to monitor the relative expression of 30 candidate genes with a potential relation to cold response, which are either involved in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway or the independent CBF pathway, and also genes not yet characterized or with unknown function in almond genome. Differences in the gene expression profiles were found among the three studied genotypes and the three time-points of cold exposure (0, 2 and 24 h). BBX20 and CLO genes behaved as differentiator genes between tolerant and susceptible genotypes in cold stress response in almond pistils. In addition, the differences of expression among the tolerant genotypes suggested the intervention of different mechanisms responding to cold stress in almonds. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Evaluation of the quality of Quickbird fused products

International audienceMost of the satellite sensors, presently operating in the optical domain, are providing a data set comprising multispectral images at a low spatial resolution and images at a higher spatial resolution but with a lower spectral content. The trend of satellite sensors is similar to the present situation. The idea of fusing multispectral images with a highest spatial resolution enables the creation of useful products for a set of applications. This paper aims at evaluating a set of methods for construction of synthetic multispectral images having a highest spatial resolution available within the data set. These methods are evaluated through the construction of fused products from a set of Quickbird panchromatic and multispectral images. Of interest are the most used methods: the Intensity-Hue-Saturation method, the Brovey transform, the multiplicative methods and a set of methods derived from the ARSIS concept. The different methods are shortly presented. These methods are tested in a dataset from the area of Madrid. The dataset proposed a good diversity of landscape allowing the measure of the impact of fusion methods on different cases. The resulting images are evaluated through visual criteria from a set of photointerpreters. They classified the fused products and pro-vided a ranking for the visual quality. Then the proposed protocol defined by Wald et al. (1997) is applied to all methods. A set of quantitative parameters is computed allowing an objective comparison of the results. Finally a new parameter allowing the quantification of the information brought by the fusion method is proposed. This parameter is based on the analysis of the difference of the real structures of a multispectral image and of the computed structures of the fused products. It is applied to the different methods and favors the evaluation of the impact of an algorithm on the resulting images. Some conclusions are drawn on the ranking of the different methods and on the appropriate parameters for the evaluation of the quality of fused products