A review of energy systems models in the UK: Prevalent usage and categorisation

In this paper, a systematic review of academic literature and policy papers since 2008 is undertaken with an aim of identifying the prevalent energy systems models and tools in the UK. A list of all referenced models is presented and the literature is analysed with regards sectoral coverage and technological inclusion, as well as mathematical structure of models. The paper compares available models using an appropriate classification schema, the introduction of which is aimed at making the model landscape more accessible and perspicuous, thereby enhancing the diversity of models within use. The distinct classification presented in this paper comprises three sections, which specify the model purpose and structure, technological detail and mathematical approach. The schema is not designed to be comprehensive, but rather to be a broad classification with pertinent level of information required to differentiate between models. As an example, the UK model landscape is considered and 22 models are classified in three tables, as per the proposed schema

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Étude comparative biomécanique de l'ostéosynthèse par plaque vissée versus vis dans les fractures du plateau tibial médial de type Schatzker 4

Introduction: The objective of this biomechanical study was to compare the respective efficiency of plate-screw fixation and screw fixation in an experimental model of a Schatzker type IV fracture. Hypothesis: Screw fixation and plate fixation have a similar load to failure. Materials and methods: This study compares the stability of Schatzker type IV medial tibial plateau fractures fixed with either three 6.5. mm cancellous bone screws with a 16. mm threaded segment or with six-holed buttress T plate-screw system. A Schatzker type IV fracture was modeled on an artificial bone model. In a first group of 10 fracture models, following the anatomical reduction, fractures were stabilized with screws with washers. In the second group of 10 fracture models, fractures were stabilized with T plate. After fixation, ascending axial compression was applied on bone models (Instron machine). Results: Load bearing capacity was 1397.6 ± 194.4 in group I and 2153.2 ± 204.4 in group II. The difference between two groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). Discussion: According to this result, experimental load bearing of bone models indicates that plate-screw fixation system has a significantly higher stabilization capacity than fixation with three screws alone. Our hypothesis was not confirmed. In order to maintain anatomical repositioning, the plate-screw system is a more stable fixation method than the screw in medial tibial plateau fractures of Schatzker type IV. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS

Investigation of LRRK2 G2019S mutation in the patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease in Turkey

Objective: Recently understanding genetic forms and pathogenic mutations has been providing growing knowledges about etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) G2019S mutation is the most commonly reported mutation amongst autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson's disease patients. Aims of our study are to identify the frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation in sporadic late onset Parkinson's disease patients from the Eskisehir, diagnostic utility of this mutation and to confer genetic counselling to the mutation carier patients. Methods: We investigated 83 patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease and 50 normal (healty) controls unrelated to patients. LRRK2 exon 41 was investigated with direct sequencing method. Results: Any point mutation or polymorphism was not detected in the LRRK2 exon 41 amongst patients and control subjects. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the frequency of LRRK2 G2019S mutation is very lower in Turkish patients with Parkinson's disease

Effects of corporate tax reform on optimum debt maturity

Optimum debt maturity, Investment decision, Net present value, Corporate tax, H25, H32, M21, G31,