844 research outputs found
A low-altitude satellite interaction study /Neutral gases/ Final report
Low-altitude satellite interaction study of neutral gases and Monte Carlo computer techniques for describing flow field and spacecraft interaction
A low-altitude satellite interaction study
Two computer programs calculate interaction effects of high speed spacecraft on the environment at altitudes from 90 km to 150 km. EXT program determines fluid field in bodies of arbitrary geometries in transient flow regime. INT program uses EXT output and measures flow conditions inside spacecraft body
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Persistence of upper stratospheric wintertime tracer variability into the Arctic spring and summer
Using data from the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) and Aura
satellites, we have categorized the interannual variability of winter- and
springtime upper stratospheric methane (CH4). We further show the effects
of this variability on the chemistry of the upper stratosphere throughout the
following summer. Years with strong wintertime mesospheric descent followed
by dynamically quiet springs, such as 2009, lead to the lowest summertime
CH4. Years with relatively weak wintertime descent, but strong springtime
planetary wave activity, such as 2011, have the highest summertime CH4. By
sampling the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) according to the occultation
pattern of the AIM Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE), we show that
summertime upper stratospheric chlorine monoxide (ClO) almost perfectly
anticorrelates with the CH4. This is consistent with the reaction of
atomic chlorine with CH4 to form the reservoir species, hydrochloric acid
(HCl). The summertime ClO for years with strong, uninterrupted mesospheric
descent is about 50 % greater than in years with strong horizontal
transport and mixing of high CH4 air from lower latitudes. Small, but
persistent effects on ozone are also seen such that between 1 and 2 hPa, ozone
is about 4–5 % higher in summer for the years with the highest CH4
relative to the lowest. This is consistent with the role of the chlorine
catalytic cycle on ozone. These dependencies may offer a means to monitor
dynamical effects on the high-latitude upper stratosphere using summertime
ClO measurements as a proxy. Additionally, these chlorine-controlled ozone decreases,
which are seen to maximize after years with strong uninterrupted wintertime
descent, represent a new mechanism by which mesospheric descent can affect
polar ozone. Finally, given that the effects on ozone appear to persist much
of the rest of the year, the consideration of winter/spring dynamical
variability may also be relevant in studies of ozone trends
Inductive learning spatial attention
This paper investigates the automatic induction of spatial attention
from the visual observation of objects manipulated
on a table top. In this work, space is represented in terms of
a novel observer-object relative reference system, named Local
Cardinal System, defined upon the local neighbourhood
of objects on the table. We present results of applying the
proposed methodology on five distinct scenarios involving
the construction of spatial patterns of coloured blocks
NRLMSIS 2.1: An Empirical Model of Nitric Oxide Incorporated Into MSIS
We have developed an empirical model of nitric oxide (NO) number density at altitudes from similar to 73 km to the exobase, as a function of altitude, latitude, day of year, solar zenith angle, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. The model is part of the NRLMSIS (R) 2.1 empirical model of atmospheric temperature and species densities; this upgrade to NRLMSIS 2.0 consists solely of the addition of NO. MSIS 2.1 assimilates observations from six space-based instruments: UARS/HALOE, SNOE, Envisat/MIPAS, ACE/FTS, Odin/SMR, and AIM/SOFIE. We additionally evaluated the new model against independent extant NO data sets. In this paper, we describe the formulation and fitting of the model, examine biases between the data sets and model and among the data sets, compare with another empirical NO model (NOEM), and discuss scientific aspects of our analysis
Applying triage principles of mass casualty events to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: From the perspective of the acute care surgeons at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in the COVID epicenter of the United States.
NRLMSIS 2.1: An Empirical Model of Nitric Oxide Incorporated Into MSIS
We have developed an empirical model of nitric oxide (NO) number density at altitudes from ∼73 km to the exobase, as a function of altitude, latitude, day of year, solar zenith angle, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. The model is part of the NRLMSIS® 2.1 empirical model of atmospheric temperature and species densities; this upgrade to NRLMSIS 2.0 consists solely of the addition of NO. MSIS 2.1 assimilates observations from six space-based instruments: UARS/HALOE, SNOE, Envisat/MIPAS, ACE/FTS, Odin/SMR, and AIM/SOFIE. We additionally evaluated the new model against independent extant NO data sets. In this paper, we describe the formulation and fitting of the model, examine biases between the data sets and model and among the data sets, compare with another empirical NO model (NOEM), and discuss scientific aspects of our analysis
Search for extended gamma-ray emission from the Virgo galaxy cluster with Fermi-LAT
Galaxy clusters are one of the prime sites to search for dark matter (DM)
annihilation signals. Depending on the substructure of the DM halo of a galaxy
cluster and the cross sections for DM annihilation channels, these signals
might be detectable by the latest generation of -ray telescopes. Here
we use three years of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data, which are the most
suitable for searching for very extended emission in the vicinity of nearby
Virgo galaxy cluster. Our analysis reveals statistically significant extended
emission which can be well characterized by a uniformly emitting disk profile
with a radius of 3\deg that moreover is offset from the cluster center. We
demonstrate that the significance of this extended emission strongly depends on
the adopted interstellar emission model (IEM) and is most likely an artifact of
our incomplete description of the IEM in this region. We also search for and
find new point source candidates in the region. We then derive conservative
upper limits on the velocity-averaged DM pair annihilation cross section from
Virgo. We take into account the potential -ray flux enhancement due to
DM sub-halos and its complex morphology as a merging cluster. For DM
annihilating into , assuming a conservative sub-halo model
setup, we find limits that are between 1 and 1.5 orders of magnitude above the
expectation from the thermal cross section for
. In a more optimistic scenario, we
exclude
for for the same channel. Finally, we
derive upper limits on the -ray-flux produced by hadronic cosmic-ray
interactions in the inter cluster medium. We find that the volume-averaged
cosmic-ray-to-thermal pressure ratio is less than .Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ;
corresponding authors: T. Jogler, S. Zimmer & A. Pinzk
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