Practical Guidelines for Perioperative Hypersensitivity Reactions

Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions constitute a first-line problem for anesthesiologists and allergists. Therefore, hospitals should have a consensus protocol for the diagnosis and management of these reactions. However, this kind of protocol is not present in many hospitals, leading to problems with treatment, reporting of incidents, and subsequent etiological diagnosis. In this document, we present a systematic review of the available scientific evidence and provide general guidelines for the management of acute episodes and for referral of patients with perioperative hypersensitivity reactions to allergy units. Members of the Drug Allergy Committee of the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) have created this document in collaboration with members of the Spanish Anesthesia Society (SEDAR). A practical algorithm is proposed for the etiologic diagnosis, and recommendations are provided for the management of hypersensitive patients

Autophagy and ER-stress in BPAN: insights from the Dictyostelium model

Trabajo presentado en First BPAN disease symposium in France, celebrado en Lyon (Francia) del 13 al 14 de mayo de 2022.WIPIs are a conserved family of proteins with a characteristic 7-bladed b-helix structure. Mutations in human WIPI4 cause BPAN, a rare disease characterized by developmental delay, motor disorders and seizures. The pathological mechanisms leading to BPAN are still unclear and it has been proposed that autophagy, mitochondria homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are involved. We have generated a KO mutant in the WIPI4 homologue of Dictyostelium, Wdr45l. This mutant exhibits a complete block in autophagy that is associated with additional phenotypes: increased PI3P, growth arrest, and chronic activation of ER stress. PI3P accumulation is responsible for the growth arrest and chronic ER stress response and can therefore be considered as a potential therapeutic target. We have also analyzed the functionality of a number of pathological variants of WIPI4 with nonsense. Our results show that some of these mutations affect the subcellular localization of the protein, while others impair ATG2 binding

Anàlisi dels casos d’hepatitis C crònica tractats a Catalunya durant el període 2006-2008

Hepatitis víriques; Genotip; InfeccionsViral infections; Genotype; InfectionsHepatitis víricas; Genotipo; InfeccionesAquest article exposa l'evolució de la infecció del virus de la hepatitis C en funció dels factors que determinen la cronicitat de la malaltia. A més, es presenten els resultats de l’anàlisi de les dades de la malaltia de caràcter clínic i epidemiològic de la població catalana recollides durant el període comprès entre els anys 2006 i 2008.Este artículo expone la evolución de la infección del virus de la hepatitis C en función de los factores que determinan la cronicidad de la enfermedad. Además, se presentan los resultados del análisis de los datos de la enfermedad de carácter clínico y epidemiológico de la población catalana recogidas durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2006 y 2008.This article presents the evolution of hepatitis C virus based on factors that determine the chronicity of this disease. Besides, it shows the results of the desease analysis data for both epidemiological and clinical character of Catalan population collected during the period between 2006 and 2008

Anàlisi dels casos dʼhepatitis C crònica tractats a Catalunya durant el període 2009-2010

Genotip; Hepatitis víriques; InfeccionsGenotype; Viral hepatitis; InfectionsGenotipo; Hepatitis víricas; InfeccionesEn aquest article es presenten els resultats de lʼanàlisi de les dades referents als casos d'hepatitis C crònica de la població catalana recollides durant el període comprès entre els anys 2009 i 2010 així com lʼevolució dʼaquestes dades durant la primera dècada del segle XXI.This article presents the results of the data analysis linked to chronic hepatitis C of Catalan population collected during the period between 2009 and 2010 as well as the evolution of this data during the first decade of the XXIth century.En este artículo se presentan los resultados del análisis de datos relacionados con la hepatitis C crónica de la población catalana recogidos durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2009 y 2010, así como la evolución de estos datos durante la primera década del siglo XXI

Search for coherent charged pion production in neutrino-carbon interactions

We report the result from a search for charged-current coherent pion production induced by muon neutrinos with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV. The data are collected with a fully active scintillator detector in the K2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. No evidence for coherent pion production is observed and an upper limit of $0.60 \times 10^{-2}$ is set on the cross section ratio of coherent pion production to the total charged-current interaction at 90% confidence level. This is the first experimental limit for coherent charged pion production in the energy region of a few GeV.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Assessing Associations between the AURKA-HMMR-TPX2-TUBG1 Functional Module and Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers

While interplay between BRCA1 and AURKA-RHAMM-TPX2-TUBG1 regulates mammary epithelial polarization, common genetic variation in HMMR (gene product RHAMM) may be associated with risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Following on these observations, we further assessed the link between the AURKA-HMMR-TPX2-TUBG1 functional module and risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Forty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 15,252 BRCA1 and 8,211 BRCA2 mutation carriers and subsequently analyzed using a retrospective likelihood approach. The association of HMMR rs299290 with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers was confirmed: per-allele hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.15, p = 1.9 x 10(-4) (false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p = 0.043). Variation in CSTF1, located next to AURKA, was also found to be associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers: rs2426618 per-allele HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.16, p = 0.005 (FDR-adjusted p = 0.045). Assessment of pairwise interactions provided suggestions (FDR-adjusted pinteraction values > 0.05) for deviations from the multiplicative model for rs299290 and CSTF1 rs6064391, and rs299290 and TUBG1 rs11649877 in both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Following these suggestions, the expression of HMMR and AURKA or TUBG1 in sporadic breast tumors was found to potentially interact, influencing patients' survival. Together, the results of this study support the hypothesis of a causative link between altered function of AURKA-HMMR-TPX2-TUBG1 and breast carcinogenesis in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers

Evidence for muon neutrino oscillation in an accelerator-based experiment

We present results for muon neutrino oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced muon neutrino beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy dependent disappearance of muon neutrino, which we presume have oscillated to tau neutrino. The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0 sigma).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Longitudinal analysis of blood DNA methylation identifies mechanisms of response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis

[Abstract] Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the joints that has been associated with variation in the peripheral blood methylome. In this study, we aim to identify epigenetic variation that is associated with the response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy. Methods: Peripheral blood genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were analyzed in a discovery cohort of 62 RA patients at baseline and at week 12 of TNFi therapy. DNA methylation of individual CpG sites and enrichment of biological pathways were evaluated for their association with drug response. Using a novel cell deconvolution approach, altered DNA methylation associated with TNFi response was also tested in the six main immune cell types in blood. Validation of the results was performed in an independent longitudinal cohort of 60 RA patients. Findings: Treatment with TNFi was associated with significant longitudinal peripheral blood methylation changes in biological pathways related to RA (FDR<0.05). 139 biological functions were modified by therapy, with methylation levels changing systematically towards a signature similar to that of healthy controls. Differences in the methylation profile of T cell activation and differentiation, GTPase-mediated signaling, and actin filament organization pathways were associated with the clinical response to therapy. Cell type deconvolution analysis identified CpG sites in CD4+T, NK, neutrophils and monocytes that were significantly associated with the response to TNFi. Interpretation: Our results show that treatment with TNFi restores homeostatic blood methylation in RA. The clinical response to TNFi is associated to methylation variation in specific biological pathways, and it involves cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems

Guía de antídotos para los centros hospitalarios de Cataluña

Intoxicació aguda; Emergències toxicològiques; Serveis d'urgènciesAcute poisoning; Toxicological emergencies; Emergency serviceIntoxicación aguda; Emergencias toxicológicas; Servicios de urgenciasL’elaboració de la Guia d’antídots parteix de la necessitat d’establir de forma coordinada la disponibilitat qualitativa i quantitativa d’antídots que han de tenir els diferents àmbits sanitaris de Catalunya. Aquesta guia té la finalitat d’unificar els criteris de selecció i d’utilització dels fàrmacs adients per als tractaments d’emergències toxicològiques en qualsevol Servei d’Urgència dels centres hospitalaris de Catalunya.This document is drafted according to the need to arrange a coordinated manner of qualitative and quantitative availability of antidotes that should have different health areas in Catalonia. This guide aims to unify criteria and appropriate use of drugs for the treatment of any toxicological emergencies in any emergency medical services in Catalonian hospitals.La elaboración de la Guía de antídotos parte de la necesidad de establecer de forma coordinada la disponibilidad cualitativa y cuantitativa de antídotos que deben tener los diferentes ámbitos sanitarios de Cataluña. Esta guía tiene la finalidad de unificar los criterios de selección y de utilización de los fármacos adecuados para los tratamientos de emergencias toxicológicas en los Servicios de Urgencia de los centros hospitalarios de Cataluña

Multiproxy approach to reconstruct fossil primate feeding behavior: Case study for macaque from the Plio-Pleistocene site Guefaït-4.2 (eastern Morocco)

The genus Macaca belongs to Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys), Cercopithecinae, Papionini. The presence of Macaca in North Africa is well known from the Late Miocene to the Late Pleistocene. However, the diet of fossil Macaca has been poorly described in the literature. In this study, we investigated the feeding habits of Macaca cf. sylvanus (n = 4) from the Plio-Pleistocene site Guefaït-4.2 in eastern Morocco through multiproxy analysis combining analyses of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from tooth enamel, buccal microtexture, and low-magnification occlusal dental microwear. For both microwear analyses, we compared the macaques with a new reference collection of extant members of Cercopithecoidea. Our occlusal microwear results show for the fossil macaque a pattern similar to the extant Cercocebus atys and Lophocebus albigena, African forest-dwelling species that are characterized by a durophagous diet based mainly on hard fruit and seed intake. Buccal microtexture results also suggest the consumption of some grasses and the exploitation of more open habitats, similar to that observed in Theropithecus gelada. The δ13C of M. cf. sylvanus indicates a C3 based-diet without the presence of C4 plants typical of the savanna grassland in eastern Africa during this period. The high δ18O values of M. cf. sylvanus, compared with the contemporary ungulates recovered from Guefaït-4.2, could be associated with the consumption of a different resource by the primate such as leaves or fresh fruits from the upper part of trees. The complementarity of these methods allows for a dietary reconstruction covering a large part of the individual’s life.This work has been funded by Palarq Foundation, Spanish Ministry of Culture and Sport (Ref: 42-T002018N0000042853 and 170-T002019N0000038589), Direction of Cultural Heritage (Ministry of Culture and Communication, Morocco), Faculty of Sciences (Mohamed 1r University of Oujda, Morocco), INSAP (Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine), Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Ref: CGL2016-80975-P, CGL2016-80000-P, PGC2018-095489-B-I00, and PID2021- 122355NB-C33), Research Groups Support of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 836, 2017 SGR 1040, 2017 SGR 102, and 2017 SGR 859) and PDC2021-121613-I00 and PID2020-112963GB-I00 by ERDF A way of making Europe, by the European Union. RS-R, MC, AR-H, and CT research was funded by CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya. IR-P is beneficiary of predoctoral fellowship (2020-FI-B-00731) funded by AGAUR and the Fons Social Europeu (FSE). AA and is beneficiary of a fellowship from the Erasmus Mundus Program to do the Master in Quaternary and Prehistory at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona, Spain). CT was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Ramón y Cajal” program (RYC2020-029404-I). The Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA) has received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “María de Maeztu” program for Units of Excellence (CEX2019-000945-M), including the postdoctoral fellowships of AR-H.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence" accreditation CEX2019-000945-M.Peer reviewe