Maßnahmen und Ansatzpunkte zur Verbesserung quantitativer Marktinformationen für den Öko-Markt

Marktbeteiligte aus Politik, Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft hatten Bedarf an systematisch abrufbaren, geprüften Daten zum Öko-Markt angemeldet. In einer Projekt-Datenbank wurden die verfügbaren europäischen Strukturdaten zum gesamten und ökologischen Landbau ab 2000 zusammengeführt und so miteinander verknüpft, dass jeweils ein konsistenter Datensatz pro Land und Jahr abgerufen werden kann. Zusätzlich werden konkurrierende Angaben in einem Quellenvergleich übersichtlich dargestellt und ermöglichen es, die Datengenauigkeit einzuschätzen. Für Deutschland stehen zudem aggregierte Umsatzdaten zur Verfügung. Der Aufbau aus den einzelnen Quellen erfolgte nach der Methode Multiple Data Integration der Firma fleXinfo. Systematische Koordinaten und Kennzahlen ermöglichen dem User eine flexible Auswahl, Gliederung und Zusammenfassung. Alle Daten können von den projekteigenen Internetseiten www.zmp.de/biodaten herunter geladen werden. Somit existiert erstmals eine zentrale Datenbank, die es allen Interessenten ermöglicht, nach den jeweiligen Fragestellungen Daten für die EU-25 Länder zu recherchieren und geprüfte Ergebnisse zu erhalten, die dem derzeit bestmöglichen Informationsstand entsprechen. Die drei Methoden zur Erhebung der Strukturdaten im deutschen Öko-Landbau (durch Statistisches Bundesamt, BLE und ZMP) wurden miteinander verglichen und auf mögliche Fehlerquellen hin analysiert. Schließlich wurden unterschiedliche Umsatzdaten für den Naturkostfachhandel methodisch überprüft und anhand verschiedener Stichproben verifiziert. Es wurde eine einheitliche Methodik erarbeitet, die künftig als Benchmark für die deutsche Naturkostbranche dienen kann

Inland extent of the Weddell Sea Rift imaged by new aerogeophysical data

Peer reviewedPostprin

The internal layering of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, from airborne radar-sounding data

This paper presents an overview of internal layering across Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, as measured from airborne-radar data acquired during a survey conducted by the British Antarctic Survey and the University of Texas in the 2004/05 season. Internal layering is classified according to type (continuous/discontinuous/missing) and the results compared with InSAR velocities. Several areas exhibit disruption of internal layers that is most likely caused by large basal shear stresses. Signs of changes in flow were identified in a few inter-tributary areas, but overall the layering classification and distribution of layers indicate that only minor changes in ice-flow regime have taken place. This is supported by bed-topography data that show the main trunk of the glacier, as well as some of the tributaries, are topographically controlled and located in deep basins

Quantum correlations, local interactions and error correction

We consider the effects of local interactions upon quantum mechanically entangled systems. In particular we demonstrate that non-local correlations cannot increase through local operations on any of the subsystems, but that through the use of quantum error correction methods, correlations can be maintained. We provide two mathematical proofs that local general measurements cannot increase correlations, and also derive general conditions for quantum error correcting codes. Using these we show that local quantum error correction can preserve nonlocal features of entangled quantum systems. We also demonstrate these results by use of specific examples employing correlated optical cavities interacting locally with resonant atoms. By way of counter example, we also describe a mechanism by which correlations can be increased, which demonstrates the need for it non-local interactions

Squeezing of electromagnetic field in a cavity by electrons in Trojan states

The notion of the Trojan state of a Rydberg electron, introduced by I.Bialynicki-Birula, M.Kali\'nski, and J.H.Eberly (Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1777 (1994)) is extended to the case of the electromagnetic field quantized in acavity. The shape of the electronic wave packet describing the Trojan state is practically the same as in the previously studied externally driven system. The fluctuations of the quantized electromagnetic field around its classical value exhibit strong squeezing. The emergence of Trojan states in the cylindrically symmetrical system is attributed to spontaneous symmetry braking.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

A Panel of Papers Examining COVID-19 Masking and Vaccination Advertisements

This panel of papers harnesses persuasion theories to examine the content of masking and vaccination advertisements and public service announcements concerning COVID-19. The first paper describes major persuasion approaches, the rationale for the studies, and the methodology. The second and third papers describe the results of the content analyses, along with their implications for media messages on COVID and future research on these topics

Subglacial controls on the flow of Institute Ice Stream, West Antarctica

The Institute Ice Stream (IIS) rests on a reverse-sloping bed, extending >150 km upstream into the ~1.8 km deep Robin Subglacial Basin, placing it at the threshold of marine ice-sheet instability. Understanding IIS vulnerability has focused on the effect of grounding-line melting, which is forecast to increase significantly this century. Changes to ice-flow dynamics are also important to IIS stability, yet little is known about them. Here we reveal the trunk of the IIS occurs downstream of the intersection of three discrete subglacial features; a large ‘active’ subglacial lake, a newly-discovered sharp transition to a zone of weak basal sediments, and a major tectonic rift. The border of IIS trunk flow is confined by the sediment on one side, and by a transition between basal melting and freezing at the border with the Bungenstock Ice Rise. By showing how basal sediment and water dictate present-day flow of IIS, we reveal that ice-sheet stability here is dependent on this unusual arrangement

Aerodynamic roughness of glacial ice surfaces derived from high-resolution topographic data

This paper presents new methods of estimating the aerodynamic roughness (z0) of glacier ice directly from three-dimensional point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs), examines temporal variability of z0, and presents the first fully distributed map of z0 estimates across the ablation zone of an Arctic glacier. The aerodynamic roughness of glacier ice surfaces is an important component of energy balance models and meltwater runoff estimates through its influence on turbulent fluxes of latent and sensible heat. In a warming climate these fluxes are predicted to become more significant in contributing to overall melt volumes. Ice z0 is commonly estimated from measurements of ice surface microtopography, typically from topographic profiles taken perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. Recent advances in surveying permit rapid acquisition of high-resolution topographic data allowing revision of assumptions underlying conventional z0 measurement. Using Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry with Multi-View Stereo (MVS) to survey ice surfaces with millimeter-scale accuracy, z0 variation over 3 orders of magnitude was observed. Different surface types demonstrated different temporal trajectories in z0 through 3 days of intense melt. A glacier-scale 2 m resolution DEM was obtained through terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and subgrid roughness was significantly related to plot-scale z0. Thus, we show for the first time that glacier-scale TLS or SfM-MVS surveys can characterize z0 variability over a glacier surface potentially leading to distributed representations of z0 in surface energy balance models

Inequalities in education and national income are associated with poorer diet: pooled analysis of individual participant data across 12 European countries

Background: Malnutrition linked to noncommunicable diseases presents major health problems across Europe. The World Health Organisation encourages countries to conduct national dietary surveys to obtain data to inform public health policies designed to prevent noncommunicable diseases. Methods: Data on 27334 participants aged 19-64y were harmonised and pooled across national dietary survey datasets from 12 countries across the WHO European Region. Weighted mean nutrient intakes were age-standardised using the Eurostat 2013 European Standard Population. Associations between country-level Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and key nutrients and nutrient densities were investigated using linear regression. The potential mitigating influence of participant-level educational status was explored. Findings: Higher GDP was positively associated with total sugar intake (5·0% energy for each 10% increase in GDP, 95% CI 0·6, 9·3). Scandinavian countries had the highest vitamin D intakes. Participants with higher educational status had better nutritional intakes, particularly within lower GDP countries. A 10% higher GDP was associated with lower total fat intakes (-0·2% energy, 95% CI -0·3, -0·1) and higher daily total folate intakes (14µg, 95% CI 12, 16) in higher educated individuals. Interpretation: Lower income countries and lower education groups had poorer diet, particularly for micronutrients. We demonstrate for the first time that higher educational status appeared to have a mitigating effect on poorer diet in lower income countries. It illustrates the feasibility and value of harmonising national dietary survey data to inform European policy regarding access to healthy diets, particularly in disadvantaged groups. It specifically highlights the need for strong policies supporting nutritional intakes, prioritising lower education groups and lower income countries