Una medida del riesgo de reincidencia en menores infractores

Tretzenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2007-2008

LA ESTIMULACIÓN PSICOMOTRIZ EN I A INFANCIA A TRAVÉS DEL MÉTODO ESTITSOLÓGICO MULTISENSORIAL DE ATENCIÓN TEMPRANA

Desde una perspectiva ecológica se analiza la importancia de la estimulación psicomotriz en la infancia, empleando enfoques teóricos del desarrollo psicomotor tales como el Evolutivo o el Sistema Dinámico, resaltando dominios como el control postural, el esquema corporal, la lateralidad o el aprendizajeperceptivo-motor. Se estudian los beneficios de la Estimulación Psicomotriz Temprana y la relevancia de las prácticas parentales de estimulación mediante un estudio empírico -diseño pretest-postest - que demuestra la eficacia del Método Estitsológico Multisensorial, aplicado durante 4 meses a niños de o a 6 años que viven en contextos normalizados. Los resultados de análisis estadísticos (t de Student, ANCOVA, medidas de asociación etc.) manifiestan que existen diferencias significativas en los niveles de Motricidad Somática, Desarrollo Sensomotor, Reacción y Coordinación Motriz de los niños del grupo experimental frente a los niveles alcanzados por los niños del grupo control, cuyo ritmo de desarrollopsicomotor es menor.ABSTRACTThe importance of psychomotor stimulation in early childhood is analyzed from a contextual perspective. Theoretical approaches of psychomotor development are employed (evolutive approach, Thelen's system) highlighting areas such as postural control, body scheme, laterality and perceptive-motor learning.The benefits of Early Psychomotor Stimulation as ivell as the importance of parental practices of stimulation are studied by means of an empiric study - designed as pre-test, post-test- that demonstrates the effectiveness of the Multisensorial Estitsologic Method, applied during four months to children of 0 to 6 years old who live in standardized contexts. The results of statistical analyses (t of Student, ANCOVA, measures of association) suggest the existence of significant differences in the levels of Somatic Motility, Sensomotor Development, Reaction and Coordination, in children from the experimental group compared to the levels reached by the control group, whose rate of psychomotor development is lower

Estilos diferenciales de personalidad en población adulta española y argentina

Differences in Personality Styles based in data gathered administering MIPS (Millon Inventory of Personality Styles) are analyzed. The inventory was administered to two adults samples (Argentine, Spain). Based in Means and Standard Deviations scores for each of the 24 scales that integrate the technique Student´t scores were obtained. We found significative statistical differences in sixteen of those scales for the total samples analyzed. Furthermore, the paper analyzes differences according to sex between the two populations. A discriminant analysis is carried out to study which scales of the questionnaire allow us to discriminate better between subjects. The conclusions include some considerations about the transnational data comparisons and their clinical application.A partir de la administración del Inventario Millón de Estilos de Personalidad (MIPS) se han estudiado características de cada una de las 24 escalas que integran la prueba en sujetos españoles y argentinos para evaluar Metas Motivacionales, Estilos Cognitivos y Relaciones Interpersonales. Se calculó para cada una de las escalas la media aritmética y la desviación típica. Tomando como base estas medidas se analizan las diferencias entre medias calculando la prueba t de Student. Para el total de las muestras estudiadas se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en dieciséis de esas escalas. Se analizan a su vez las diferencias según sexo en las dos poblaciones estudiadas. A partir de las escalas en las que se obtienen diferencias en cada una de las poblaciones se ha realizado un análisis discriminante para analizar las escalas del cuestionario que mejor permiten discriminar entre los sujetos. Se avanzan conclusiones relacionadas con la comparación transnacional de datos y su aplicación clínica

High-Throughput System for the Early Quantification of Major Architectural Traits in Olive Breeding Trials Using UAV Images and OBIA Techniques

The need for the olive farm modernization have encouraged the research of more efficient crop management strategies through cross-breeding programs to release new olive cultivars more suitable for mechanization and use in intensive orchards, with high quality production and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The advancement of breeding programs are hampered by the lack of efficient phenotyping methods to quickly and accurately acquire crop traits such as morphological attributes (tree vigor and vegetative growth habits), which are key to identify desirable genotypes as early as possible. In this context, an UAV-based high-throughput system for olive breeding program applications was developed to extract tree traits in large-scale phenotyping studies under field conditions. The system consisted of UAV-flight configurations, in terms of flight altitude and image overlaps, and a novel, automatic, and accurate object-based image analysis (OBIA) algorithm based on point clouds, which was evaluated in two experimental trials in the framework of a table olive breeding program, with the aim to determine the earliest date for suitable quantifying of tree architectural traits. Two training systems (intensive and hedgerow) were evaluated at two very early stages of tree growth: 15 and 27 months after planting. Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) were automatically and accurately generated by the algorithm as well as every olive tree identified, independently of the training system and tree age. The architectural traits, specially tree height and crown area, were estimated with high accuracy in the second flight campaign, i.e. 27 months after planting. Differences in the quality of 3D crown reconstruction were found for the growth patterns derived from each training system. These key phenotyping traits could be used in several olive breeding programs, as well as to address some agronomical goals. In addition, this system is cost and time optimized, so that requested architectural traits could be provided in the same day as UAV flights. This high-throughput system may solve the actual bottleneck of plant phenotyping of "linking genotype and phenotype," considered a major challenge for crop research in the 21st century, and bring forward the crucial time of decision making for breeders

Resistant personality and burnout in judo athletes from national teams

The objective of this book chapter is to identify the correlations between Hardy Personality (HP) and Burnout (MT), in high performance athletes. The participants were 162 Athletes from their national teams from 21 countries in Judo Sport, who participated in Mundial de Veteranos de Judo and Grand Prix in 2019 in Cancun Quintana Roo, Mexico, the age ranged from 18 to 70 years with an Average of 32.56 and a Standard Deviation of 11.48. The athletes answered two instruments, one that measures the RP that evaluates their resistance to stress, and the other that measures the Burnout. The methodology used is cross-sectional, associative empirical, and simple correlation. Descriptive analyzes, reliability, validity, and Spearman's correlations were performed, with SPSS software. The results found negative and significant relationships in the resistant trifactorial and unifactorial personality. Judokas are perceived as resistant to stress and capable of overcoming any obstacle, there is no depletion or devaluation of their sports practic

Resistant personality and coping strategies in Mexican World Cup and Olympic athletes in a pandemic

The objective is to identify the existence of the relationship between the Resistant Personality (PR) variables and the variables of the Approach to Coping in Sport (DAA) construct. The sample was 21 selected Mexican national athletes of world and Olympic level currently retired; the age of the participants ranges between 23 and 64 years (M =38.43, SD = 10.01), of which 11 are men (52.4%) and 10 women (47.6%). The athletes answered two instruments, the first is Resistant Personality in Central American and Caribbean Athletes and the second is the Approach to Coping in Sport Questionnaire. The methodology, empirical associative, simple correlation and cross-sectional. Descriptive analyzes, reliability and Spearman correlations were performed with SPSS 25. The results showed an internal consistency greater than .70 in most of the variables and the correlations of the Resistant Personality, Challenge variables, were positively related and significantly with the variables of Approach to coping in the Sport of Emotional Calm and Risk Behaviors. In conclusion, high-performance athletes use the skills learned in sport as coping strategies in the face of challenges with emotional control and push themselves to the maximum to achieve their goal

Combination of Caloric Restriction and a Mixed Training Protocol as an Effective Strategy to Counteract the Deleterious Effects in Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Caused by a Diet-Induced Obesity in Sprague Dawley Rats

The association of obesity with changes in bone mass is not clear. Obese individuals tend to have an increased bone mineral density, but other studies have shown that obesity is a major risk factor for fractures. The mechanisms of bone response during a weight loss therapy as well as the possible osteoprotective effect of exercise should be analyzed. The aim of this study was to test the effects of a weight-loss program based on the combination of caloric restriction and/or a mixed training protocol on different parameters of bone morphology and functionality in a DIO rat model. Three stages were established over a 21-week period (obesity induction 0–12 w, weight loss intervention 12–15 w, weight maintenance intervention 15–21 w) in 88 male Sprague Dawley rats. Bone microarchitecture, total mineral and elemental composition, and bone metabolism parameters were assessed. Weight loss interventions were associated to healthy changes in body composition, decreasing body fat and increasing lean body mass. On the other hand, obesity was related to a higher content of bone resorption and inflammatory markers, which was decreased by the weight control interventions. Caloric restriction led to marked changes in trabecular microarchitecture, with a significant decrease in total volume but no changes in bone volume (BV). In addition, the intervention diet caused an increase in trabeculae number and a decrease in trabecular spacing. The training protocol increased the pore diameter and reversed the changes in cortical porosity and density of BV induced by the high protein diet at diaphysis level. Regarding the weight-maintenance stage, diminished SMI values indicate the presence of more plate-like spongiosa in sedentary and exercise groups. In conclusion, the lifestyle interventions of caloric restriction and mixed training protocol implemented as weight loss strategies have been effective to counteract some of the deleterious effects caused by a dietary induction of obesity, specifically in trabecular bone morphometric parameters as well as bone mineral content.Spanish Government DEP2014-58296-R RTC-2017-6540-1 RTI2018-100934-B-I00Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through FEDER programEuropean Commission DEP2014-58296-R RTC-2017-6540-1 RTI2018-100934-B-I00European Union through FEDER progra

Actitudes Sexuales en personas con Altas Capacidades Intelectuales (ACI).

An exploratory study was carried out with the main objective of examining the differences in the sexual attitudes of gifted persons (ACI) and other participants from the General Population, in terms of their Intelligence (PGI). The sample contained 126 people (80 PGI people and 46 ACI). Participants completed the ATSS scale (2005). All participants in the sample showed attitudes tending towards conservatism. The comparisons carried out, on the basis of age or gender, showed that: a) older people reported more liberal attitudes than younger people, who were more conservative, and b) men had higher values in erotophilia (a more liberal attitude) than women, with the exception of abortion, in which women were more liberal. The comparisons between PGI and ACI showed statistically significant differences in the Factor that refers to pornography, with ACI people being more conservative about this issue.El objetivo principal de este estudio exploratorio fue examinar las diferencias en actitudes sexuales entre personas adultas con Altas Capacidades Intelectuales (ACI) y otros participantes pertenecientes a la Población General, en cuanto a su dotación Intelectual (PGI).  La muestra estuvo compuesta por 126 personas (80 personas PGI y 46 ACI). Se administró a los participantes la escala ATSS (2005). Tanto los participantes, de la muestra PGI como los de ACI, mostraron actitudes tendentes al conservadurismo. Las comparaciones llevadas a cabo, considerando a todos los participantes (PGI y ACI), atendiendo a la edad o al género mostraron que: a) las personas más mayores informaron actitudes más liberales que los más jóvenes, quienes mostraron actitudes más conservadoras, y b) los hombres obtuvieron valores más altos en erotofilia (una actitud más liberal) que las mujeres excepto en lo referente al tema del aborto, en el que ellas resultaron más liberales. Las comparaciones entre PGI y ACI mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el Factor que se refiere a la pornografía, resultando más conservadoras en este asunto las personas ACI

Personalidad resistente y dureza mental en deportistas élite en Centroamérica y el Caribe

El objetivo de este capítulo es identificar los correlaciones entre Hardy Personality (HP) y Mental Dureza (MT), en deportistas de alto rendimiento. los participantes fueron 405 nacionales seleccionados de 9 países y 23 deportes diferentes, que participaron en la XII Central Juegos Deportivos Americanos y del Caribe, en Boca del Río Veracruz en México en 2014, la edad varió de 18 a 47 años con un Promedio de 24.2 y una Desviación Estándar de 5.07. Los atletas respondieron dos instrumentos, uno que mide el RP que evalúa su resistencia al estrés, y el otro que mide el estado de fuerza mental que poseen los atletas. La metodología utilizada es transversal, empírica asociativa y de correlación simple. Análisis descriptivos, confiabilidad, validez y el método de Spearman. Se realizaron correlaciones, con el software SPSS. los resultados encontraron relaciones en casi todos los factores de ambos instrumentos en menor o mayor grado, encontrando que en el HP en factor desafío, mostró una relación tripartita con visualización, actitud y afrontamiento positivo, además, el control de HP se relacionó con la autoconfianza, el afrontamiento negativo y atención, y finalmente, el compromiso resultó en un relación con el nivel motivacional

Morphosedimentary characterization of the Capbreton submarine canyon system, Bay of Biscay (Cantabrian Sea)

Various studies have been carried out to the declaration of new marine protected areas for their importance for habitats, according to the Natura 2000 Network. One of these sites is a sector of the Capbreton Submarine Canyon System, located in front of the Basque Country coast, in the Bay of Biscay (North Atlantic). During the Intemares_CapBreton 0619 and 0620 surveys; bathymetric, backscatter, high-resolution parametric data and samples of sediments, rocks and benthic communities from the seabed were acquired. The study was completed by recording video transects with the underwater vehicle ROTV Politolana from the IEO. The processing and analysis of the geophysical information has allowed obtaining a detailed bathymetry grid of 10 × 10 m, from which the first morphosedimentary characterization of the system of tributary canyons to the E-W trending main canyon and its interfluves has been made. One of the main features of this canyon system is the presence of a large pockmark field on adjacent platforms between canyons, located between 500 and 1000 m water depth. Within this field, pockmarks are shown as circular to elliptical depressions, most likely related to gas rich-fluid emissions to the subsurface.Versión del edito