Roadmap on dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase

This roadmap article highlights recent advances, challenges and future prospects in studies of the dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase. It comprises nineteen contributions by scientists with leading expertise in complementary experimental and theoretical techniques to probe the dynamics on timescales spanning twenty order of magnitudes, from attoseconds to minutes and beyond, and for systems ranging in complexity from the smallest (diatomic) molecules to clusters and nanoparticles. Combining some of these techniques opens up new avenues to unravel hitherto unexplored reaction pathways and mechanisms, and to establish their significance in, e.g. radiotherapy and radiation damage on the nanoscale, astrophysics, astrochemistry and atmospheric science

Electron interactions with the focused electron beam induced processing (FEBID) precursor tungsten hexachloride

Rationale: Secondary electrons with an energy distribution below 100 eV are formed when highenergy particles interact with matter. In the focused electron beam induced deposition, highenergy beams are used to decompose organometallic compounds on surfaces. We investigated the electron ionisation of WCl6 and dissociative electron attachment to WCl6 in the gas phase in order to better understand the decomposition mechanism driven by secondary electrons. Methods: A doublefocusing mass spectrometer coupled with a Niertype ion source was used to perform the present studies. The electron ionisation studies were performed with an electron energy of 70 eV and dissociative electron attachment studies in the energy range of 0-14 eV. Results: Tungsten hexachloride rapidly oxidises, leading to the formation of a mixture of pure WCl6 and WCl4O together with WCl2O2 species. The fragmentation of the three chlorinated compounds is effective, although electron ionisation to WCl6 leads to W+ in contrast with WCl2O2 and WCl4O leading to WO2+ and WO+, respectively, as lighter fragments. With regard to electron attachment, decomposition of the precursor molecules is observed; however, W- was not detected within the detection limit of the instrument. Conclusions: Electron ionisation and dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to WCl6, WCl4O and WCl2O2 lead to strong fragmentation. In electron ionisation, the fragmentation by loss of chlorine atoms was observed for both WCl6 and the oxidised species. Additionally, the loss of all chlorine ligands is observable for WCl6 as well as the oxidised species. The DEA results have shown dissociation by the scission of chlorine atoms as well as by the scission of an oxygen atom. The formation of chlorine and oxygen anions was observed, indicating the formation of a neutral counterpart containing the metal atom, free to be attacked by the next electron.(VLID)2519675Accepted versio

Complete ligand loss in electron ionization of the weakly bound organometallic tungsten hexacarbonyl dimer

We observed the bare W2+ metal cation upon electron ionization of the weakly bound W(CO)6 dimer. This metal cation can be only observed due to the fast conversion of the weak cluster bond into a strong covalent bond between the metal moieties.(VLID)2519678Accepted versio