1,696 research outputs found
Lymphome de Burkitt pédiatrique à révélation orl : quelle prise en charge en milieu sub sahélien ? réflexion sur trois cas
Le lymphome de Burkitt dans sa forme Africaine peut se manifester sous des signes d’emprunt ORL à type de tuméfaction orbito-maxillo-faciale. Le diagnostic peut être fait par les ORL à travers un faisceau de signes cliniques et une cytoponction. La prise en charge se fait dans des unités d’oncologie médicale ou le bilan d’extension et le lancement de la chimiothérapie sont des impératifs incontournables. Actuellement cette tumeur à potentiel très agressif répond à une poly chimiothérapie bien conduite.Mots-clés : Lymphome de Burkitt, cancer, voies aérodigestives supérieures, oncologie pédiatriqu
World Forum for Spine Research: The intervertebral disc: First Japanese Meeting, Kyoto, Japan, 23–26 January 2008
No abstract
Climate change in Mali en Brazil : towards an evaluation method of climate change and land use policies
Incidence and Risk Factors of First-Line HAART Discontinuation: Is it Worth Choosing Competing Risk or Standard Survival Approaches?
International audienceObjectives: To estimate the incidences of first-line HAART discontinuation (for intolerance, treatment failure or treatment simplification) and their risk factors by standard survival (1-KM, Cox model) or competing risk approach (CIF, Fine-Gray model) in HIV infected patients. Methods: We studied 1136 patients receiving first-line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART), aged over 18 years, from the Dat'AIDS cohort, Toulouse, France, between January 2000 and June 2008. Cumulative incidence was estimated with 1-KM and CIF estimators and risk factors with Cox and Fine-Gray models. Results: There were 265 discontinuations for intolerance, 136 simplifications, 101 treatment failure and 274 other reasons. One year incidences were 19.0% versus 16.8%, 8.0% versus 6.0%, 6.3% versus 4.8% and 20.0% versus 17.3%, with the estimators 1-KM and CIF, respectively. For intolerance, both models identified similar risk factors. For risk factors of simplification or treatment failure, results differed by the model. Conclusions: As expected, the 1-KM overestimates the incidence of treatment discontinuation. For early and frequent events such as intolerance, the Cox and the Fine-Gray models appear to give similar results. For late and rare events, potentially exposed to competing risk, results differed. The common or specific nature of a factor may also play a role
APC/C–Cdc20-mediated degradation of cyclin B participates in CSF arrest in unfertilized Xenopus eggs
AbstractIn vertebrates, unfertilized eggs are arrested at meiotic metaphase II (meta-II) by cytostatic factor (CSF), with Cdc2 activity maintained at a constant, high level. CSF is thought to suppress cyclin B degradation through the inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)-Cdc20 while cyclin B synthesis continues in unfertilized eggs. Thus, it is a mystery how Cdc2 activity is kept constant during CSF arrest. Here, we show that the APC/C–Cdc20 can mediate cyclin B degradation in CSF-arrested Xenopus eggs and extracts, in such a way that when Cdc2 activity is elevated beyond a critical level, APC/C–Cdc20-dependent cyclin B degradation is activated and Cdc2 activity consequently declines to the critical level. This feedback control of Cdc2 activity is shown to be required for keeping Cdc2 activity constant during meta-II arrest. We have also shown that Mos/MAPK pathway is essential for preventing the cyclin B degradation from inactivating Cdc2 below the critical level required to sustain meta-II arrest. Our results indicate that under CSF arrest, Mos/MAPK activity suppresses cyclin B degradation, preventing Cdc2 activity from falling below normal meta-II levels, whereas activation of APC/C–Cdc20-mediated cyclin B degradation at elevated levels of Cdc2 activity prevents Cdc2 activity from reaching excessively high levels
Mieux gérer l'information sur les périmètres irrigués collectifs : un outil au service de leur efficacité
International audienceAu Mali, l'Office du Niger gère un périmètre d'irrigation entièrement gravitaire de 70 000 ha. La programmation et le suivi de la maintenance de ce réseau sont assurés paritairement par l'Office du Niger et des représentants des usagers. Ces activités rencontrent de grandes difficultés pour mobiliser l'information nécessaire. En partant des pratiques actuelles des différents acteurs et en explicitant, avec eux, les procédures de gestion employées, une application informatique a été mise au point (le système d'information pour la maintenance à l'Office du Niger) afin de gérer les données de manière uniformisée, d'en assurer le traitement informatique et de les stocker. Son implantation dans les divers services de l'Office du Niger (service de gestion de l'eau, service des aménagements hydrauliques, bureau des procédures de marchés) a fait l'objet de formations et d'actions d'accompagnement. Ce système assure les fonctionnalités de programmation et de suivi des interventions de maintenance ainsi que la gestion de l'ensemble des données de références que sont les composants du réseau d'irrigation - canaux, cavaliers et pistes, ouvrages - et les nomenclatures. La lenteur du processus d'intégration de ce nouveau système est due d'une part à la charge de travail importante pour mettre en place les données de référence, et d'autre part à la volonté de laisser les agents des services de l'Office s'approprier cet outil à leur rythme. Cependant, le manque de supports et d'assistance informatique fonctionnelle, rapprochée et permanente a pénalisé ce processus, de même l'engagement de la hiérarchie est indispensable pour intégrer pleinement ce logiciel dans la gestion. Si, aujourd'hui, l'emploi du logiciel n'est pas encore systématisé pour la gestion de la maintenance, les réflexions collectives qui ont généré son élaboration ont permis de confronter et d'uniformiser le vocabulaire et les pratiques de gestion de la maintenance des différents services de l'Office du Niger. Des supports d'information, principalement cartographiques, destinés aux paysans et à leurs représentants au sein des comités paritaires, seront prochainement soumis à la critique de ces usagers. Ce type de démarche et de concepts devrait trouver des applications sur d'autres périmètres du même type
Racism in Maine: Beyond Black and White
This panel discussion examined the impact of institutional racism and cultural genocide. Panelists discussed racism’s effect on Maine’s Tribal communities, the legacy of slavery in Maine, the role of faith communities in combating racism today, and how the model of community policing can change the relationship between communities of color and law enforcement. Panelists also examined how daily experiences of racism affect people’s physical, mental and spiritual well-being
Natural polymorphism in the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of Plasmodium falciparum
We have developed a typing system using natural sequence variation in the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene of Plasmodium falciparum. This method permits a haplotype to be assigned to any particular TRAP gene. We have applied this method to a hospital-based, case control-study in Mali. Previous sequence variation and conservation in TRAP has been confirmed. Particular TRAP haplotypes can be used as geographic hallmarks. Because of the high level of conflict between characters, we have examined the phylogenetic relationships between parasites using a network approach. Having received patient samples from urban and periurban areas of Bamako, the majority of haplotypes were closely related and distinct from TRAP sequences present in other continents. This suggests that the structure of TRAP can only tolerate a limited number of sequence variations to preserve its function but that this is sufficient to allow the parasite to evade the host's immune system until a long-lived immune response can be maintained. It may also reflect host genetics in that certain variants may escape the host immune response more efficiently than others. For vaccine design, sequences from the major regional variants may need to be considered in the production of effective subunit vaccines
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