Differentiation of Klebsiella Enterobacter Serratia organisms

ArticleThe original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaDifferentiation of 625 strains of bacteria which fulfilled the requirements laid down for the definition of Klebsielleae was carried out using 6 biochemical tests. 546 strains were identified as members of the genus Klebsiella, 46 of the genus Enterobacter and 33 of the genus Serratia.South African Medical Research CouncilPublishers' versio

Interpretation and Social Explanation

In this article I focus on those aspects of Keith Dowding’s book that are most concerned with interpretive approaches to the study of politics. I argue that, in ways not adequately captured by Dowding’s descriptions, the historical study of political concepts tells us something about their historical political effects and for this reason has a distinct value for how we think about and study politics. Furthermore, I argue, concepts of and about politics, including the concepts of political science, cannot be fully separated from the political contexts of which they are a part. Concepts which function as generalisable explanations at one point in time can shape the thinking and behaviour of political actors and thus be very particular causes. A philosophy or method of political science unaware of or inattentive to this dimension of politics and political science is incomplete

Escherichia coli serotypes associated with urinary tract infections in the Western Cape

CITATION: Brede, H. D., et al. 1974. Escherichia coli serotypes associated with urinary tract infections in the Western Cape. South African Medical Journal, 48(7):261-263.The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaExamination of 3,261 specimens of urine from patients with urinary tract infections led to the isolation of E. coli types from 933 samples (28.6%). Serological typing revealed 222 isolates (23.8%) as urinary or as enteropathogenic serotypes. The rest were untypable. The following urinary types were identified: O 1, O 2, O 4, O 5, O 6, O 7, O 9, O 11, O 18, O 39, O 75, the commonest being O 6, O 4, and O 75. Enteropathogenic types were O 26-B6, O 55-B5, O 86-B7, O 111-B4, O 112-B11, O 119-B14, O 124-B17, O 125-B15, O 126-B16, O 127-B8, O 128-B12, and O 142-B. Types O 112 and O 111 were the most prevalent. The 1973 pattern of urinary E. coli infections in the Western Cape differs from that found in other parts of the world. Type O 6 is most prevalent, followed by O 4, and O 75. The last is the most common type north of the equator. Other types were far less frequent. Crossreactivity between 14 V. cholerae strains and E. coli O 39 antiserum was proved, suggesting similarities between the enterotoxins of V. cholerae and pathogenic E. coli strains.Publisher’s versio

Homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity levels: An updated perspective

The current obesogenic environment promotes physical inactivity and food consumption in excess of energy requirements, two important modifiable risk factors influencing energy balance. Habitual physical activity has been shown to impact not only energy expenditure, but also energy intake through mechanisms of appetite control. This review summarizes recent theory and evidence underpinning the role of physical activity in the homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms controlling appetite. Energy intake along the spectrum of physical activity levels (inactive to highly active) appears to be J-shaped, with low levels of physical activity leading to dysregulated appetite and a mismatch between energy intake and expenditure. At higher levels, habitual physical activity influences homeostatic appetite control in a dual-process action by increasing the drive to eat through greater energy expenditure, but also by enhancing post-meal satiety, allowing energy intake to better match energy expenditure in response to hunger and satiety signals. There is clear presumptive evidence that physical activity energy expenditure can act as a drive (determinant) of energy intake. The influence of physical activity level on non-homeostatic appetite control is less clear, but low levels of physical activity may amplify hedonic states and behavioural traits favouring overconsumption indirectly through increased body fat. More evidence is required to understand the interaction between physical activity, appetite control and diet composition on passive overconsumption and energy balance. Furthermore, potential moderators of appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity, such as body composition, sex, and type, intensity and timing of physical activity, remain to be fully understood

Respectable Drinkers, Sensible Drinking, Serious Leisure: Single-Malt Whisky Enthusiasts and the Moral Panic of Irresponsible Others

In the public discourse of policy-makers and journalists, drinkers of (excessive) alcohol are portrayed either as irresponsible, immoral deviants or as gullible victims. In other words, the public discourse engenders a moral panic about alcohol-crazed individuals, who become what Cohen [1972. Folk devil and moral panics. London: Routledge] identifies as folk devils: the Other, abusing alcohol to create anti-social disorder. However, alcohol-drinking was, is and continues to be an everyday practice in the leisure lives of the majority of people in the UK. In this research article, I want to explore the serious leisure of whisky-tasting to provide a counter to the myth of the alcohol-drinker as folk devil, to try to construct a new public discourse of sensible drinking. I will draw on ethnographic work at whisky-tastings alongside interviews and analysis of on-line discourses. I show that participation in whisky-tasting events creates a safe space in which excessive amounts of alcohol are consumed, yet the norms of the particular habitus ensure that such drinking never leads to misbehaviour. In doing so, however, I will note that the respectability of whisky-drinking is associated with its masculine, white, privileged habitus – the folk devil becomes someone else, someone Other

Dopant-induced crossover from 1D to 3D charge transport in conjugated polymers

The interplay between inter- and intra-chain charge transport in bulk polythiophene in the hopping regime has been clarified by studying the conductivity as a function of frequency (up to 3 THz), temperature and doping level. We present a model which quantitatively explains the observed crossover from quasi-one-dimensional transport to three-dimensional hopping conduction with increasing doping level. At high frequencies the conductivity is dominated by charge transport on one-dimensional conducting chains.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

“No One Manages It; We Just Sign Them Up and Do It”: A Whole System Analysis of Access to Healthcare in One Remote Australian Community

Objective: To assess the accessibility, availability and utilisation of a comprehensive range of community-based healthcare services for Aboriginal people and describe contributing factors to providing effective healthcare services from the provider perspective. Setting: A remote community in New South Wales, Australia. Participants: Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal health and education professionals performing various roles in healthcare provision in the community. Design: Case study. Methodology: The study was co-designed with the community. A mixed-methods methodology was utilised. Data were gathered through structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the availability of 40 health services in the community, whilst quotations from the qualitative research were used to provide context for the quantitative findings. Results: Service availability was mapped for 40 primary, specialised, and allied health services. Three key themes emerged from the analysis: (1) there are instances of both underservicing and overservicing which give insight into systemic barriers to interagency cooperation; (2) nurses, community health workers, Aboriginal health workers, teachers, and administration staff have an invaluable role in healthcare and improving patient access to health services and could be better supported through further funding and opportunities for specialised training; and (3) visiting and telehealth services are critical components of the system that must be linked to existing community-led primary care services. Conclusion: The study identified factors influencing service availability, accessibility and interagency cooperation in remote healthcare services and systems that can be used to guide future service and system planning and resourcing

A unified approach for the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation

This paper explores the use of a discrete singular convolution algorithm as a unified approach for numerical integration of the Fokker-Planck equation. The unified features of the discrete singular convolution algorithm are discussed. It is demonstrated that different implementations of the present algorithm, such as global, local, Galerkin, collocation, and finite difference, can be deduced from a single starting point. Three benchmark stochastic systems, the repulsive Wong process, the Black-Scholes equation and a genuine nonlinear model, are employed to illustrate the robustness and to test accuracy of the present approach for the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation via a time-dependent method. An additional example, the incompressible Euler equation, is used to further validate the present approach for more difficult problems. Numerical results indicate that the present unified approach is robust and accurate for solving the Fokker-Planck equation.Comment: 19 page

Electronic Transport Properties or Ensembles of Perylene-Substituted Poly-isocyanopeptide Arrays

Contains fulltext : 72261.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)9 p