On roughness measurement by angular speckle correlation

In this work, the influence of both characteristics of the lens and misalignment of the incident beams on roughness measurement is presented. To investigate how the focal length and diameter affect the degree of correlation between the speckle patterns, a set of experiments with different lenses is performed. On the other hand, the roughness when the beams separated by an amount are non-coincident at the same point on the sample is measured. To conclude the study, the uncertainty of the method is calculated

Membuat Pestisida Nabati

vi; 82 hlm; ilius; 15 cm x 23 c

Membuat Pestisida Nabati untuk Hidroponik, Akuaponik, Vertikultur, & Sayuran Organik

Pestisida nabati bersifat alami karena terbuat dari tumbuhan disekitar kita. Selain efektif untuk membasmi hama, pestisida juga memiliki efek samping bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Sayangnya belum banyak yang mengetahui teknis meracik pestisida nabati ini berserta aplikasinya secara tepat82 hal : 15 x 23 c

Membuat pestisida nabati untuk hidroponik, akuaponik, vertikultur dan sayuran organik

vi, 82 hlm.; ill.: 23 cm

Vertikultur: bertanam sayuran di lahan terbatas

Vertikultur adalah pola bertanam pada lahan terbatas dengan tujuan untuk memanfaatkan lahan sempit menjadi lebih optimal. Selain menambah estetika keindahan pekarangan dan dinding rumah, instalasi vertikultur juga mudah dipindahkan, tidak membutuhkan penyiangan gulma, hemat pupuk dan air serta lebih mudah perawatan tanaman karena pembudidayaan berkelompok. Buku ini menjabarkan media tanam dan wadah tanam yang digunakan dalam vertikultur dilengkapi cara pembuatan pestisida nabati sehingga dapat dijadikan pedoman pembudidayaan sayuran sehat tanpa bahan kimia.vi, 66 hlm.; ill.: 23 cm

Pupuk Organik dan Pestisida Nabati Ala Tosin Glio

viii, 76 hlm.: ilus.; 21 c

A semi-physiological model of cold hardening and dehardening in walnut stem

It has been hypothesized that the increase in temperature in this century could lead to an increase in frost damage to plant tissues. Several models have been proposed to describe the development of cold hardiness, but never taking into account extreme climatic and/or physiological events. Our results on walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) show that cold hardiness was best correlated with average daily temperatures minimal temperatures over the last 15 days before sampling ((T) over bar (min 15 days)), indicating that the freezing tolerance depended on the tree's climatic history. Moreover, this study also shows that the accumulation of sucrose and the water content (WC) decrease are an essential step towards cold hardiness. Thus, a simple linear model based on climatic ((T) over bar (min 15 days)) and physiological (soluble sugars, WC) explanatory variables was developed to predict the cold hardiness level in walnut stem at any time during the leafless period. Each of the three input variables can be assigned a specific role contributing to the simulated function, cold hardiness. The extent and robustness of this relation was assessed on extreme physiological events on walnut trees bearing three main branches. On each tree, one branch was defoliated to limit the local carbohydrate and transpiration, one was girdled to increase local carbohydrate and prevent carbohydrate export and the third one was kept untreated as control. As expected, these treatments impacted both local carbon reserves and WC in the stems born by each main branch in comparison with the control on the same tree. The impact of these treatments on stem's freezing tolerance, as evaluated by an electrolyte leakage method (LT(50)), confirmed the direct impact of soluble sugar and WC on cold hardiness over a wide range of carbohydrate and WC. This is discussed in relation to the branch autonomy theory for carbon but also for water during summer growth and winter periods. The present study demonstrates the importance of physiological parameters in the prediction of cold hardiness and proposes a way to model cold hardiness with extreme climatic and/or physiological events