The influence of Ga composition of GaInAsN QDs on N incorporation.

Currently, dilute nitride III-N-As semiconductors, such as InGaAsN/GaAs quantum well material system, allow to develop very competitive lasers at long wavelength emission (1.3 µm). However, longer wavelengths, such as 1.55 µm, are very difficult to achieve without making worse the performance of the device. Alternatively, as it is well known, great efforts are being devoted to the study of dilute nitride III-N-As quantum dots (QDs) semiconductor [1]. Mainly, this is due to the attractive advantages that they show over other materials and structures: the strong reduction in the bandgap of the III-As semiconductor by adding even a few percent of nitrogen into them, and the interesting physical properties that the QDs offer to laser characteristics (e.g. low threshold current, etc

Optimization of InGaAsN(Sb)/GaAs quantum dots for optical emission at 1.55 µm with low optical degradation

Low optical degradation in GaInAsN(Sb)/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) p–i–n structures emitting up to 1.55 μm is presented in this paper. We obtain emission at different energies by means of varying N content from 1 to 4%. The samples show a low photoluminescence (PL) intensity degradation of only 1 order of magnitude when they are compared with pure InGaAs QD structures, even for an emission wavelength as large as 1.55 μm. The optimization studies of these structures for emission at 1.55 μm are reported in this work. High surface density and homogeneity in the QD layers are achieved for 50% In content by rapid decrease in the growth temperature after the formation of the nanostructures. Besides, the effect of N and Sb incorporation in the redshift and PL intensity of the samples is studied by post-growth rapid thermal annealing treatments. As a general conclusion, we observe that the addition of Sb to QD with low N mole fraction is more efficient to reach 1.55 μm and high PL intensity than using high N incorporation in the QD. Also, the growth temperature is determined to be an important parameter to obtain good emission characteristics. Finally, we report room temperature PL emission of InGaAsN(Sb)/GaAs at 1.4 μm

Metabolic and Functional Profile of Premenopausal Women With Metabolic Syndrome After Training With Elastics as Compared to Free Weights

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a strength training program (STP) using free weights (FW) versus elastic tubing (ET) in 62 premenopausal, sedentary women diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS). Participants were randomly assigned to the FW or ET experimental group (EG) or a control group whose members remained sedentary. Members of each EG followed their assigned STP for 12 weeks, and biomarkers (BMs) related to MS and motor function (MF) parameters were evaluated. Both EGs showed a significant reduction in C-reactive protein level and a positive trend in the other BMs. Almost all MF parameters increased significantly in both EGs. No positive changes were found in the CG. These results indicate that the implementation of an STP, with either FW or ET, improves both metabolic health and MF and should be considered part of the basic approach to health care in women

Safety and vaccine-induced HIV-1 immune responses in healthy volunteers following a late MVA-B boost 4 years after the last immunization

Background: We have previously shown that an HIV vaccine regimen including three doses of HIV-modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector expressing HIV-1 antigens from clade B (MVA-B) was safe and elicited moderate and durable (1 year) T-cell and antibody responses in 75% and 95% of HIV-negative volunteers (n = 24), respectively (RISVAC02 study). Here, we describe the long-term durability of vaccine-induced responses and the safety and immunogenicity of an additional MVA-B boost. Methods: 13 volunteers from the RISVAC02 trial were recruited to receive a fourth dose of MVA-B 4 years after the last immunization. End-points were safety, cellular and humoral immune responses to HIV-1 and vector antigens assessed by ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and ELISA performed before and 2, 4 and 12 weeks after receiving the boost. Results: Volunteers reported 64 adverse events (AEs), although none was a vaccine-related serious AE. After 4 years from the 1st dose of the vaccine, only 2 volunteers maintained low HIV-specific T-cell responses. After the late MVA-B boost, a modest increase in IFN-γ T-cell responses, mainly directed against Env, was detected by ELISPOT in 5/13 (38%) volunteers. ICS confirmed similar results with 45% of volunteers showing that CD4+ T-cell responses were mainly directed against Env, whereas CD8+ T cell-responses were similarly distributed against Env, Gag and GPN. In terms of antibody responses, 23.1% of the vaccinees had detectable Env-specific binding antibodies 4 years after the last MVA-B immunization with a mean titer of 96.5. The late MVA-B boost significantly improved both the response rate (92.3%) and the magnitude of the systemic binding antibodies to gp120 (mean titer of 11460). HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies were also enhanced and detected in 77% of volunteers. Moreover, MVA vector-specific T cell and antibody responses were boosted in 80% and 100% of volunteers respectively. Conclusions: One boost of MVA-B four years after receiving 3 doses of the same vaccine was safe, induced moderate increases in HIV-specific T cell responses in 38% of volunteers but significantly boosted the binding and neutralizing antibody responses to HIV-1 and to the MVA vector

Bulimia nerviosa y trastornos de la personalidad. Una revisión teórica de la literatura

En la bulimia nerviosa, como en el caso de otros trastornos mentales, suele describirse con frecuencia una alta comorbilidad con otras patologías y/o trastornos psiquiátricos, y especialmente con trastornos de la personalidad. A pesar de que numerosos estudios analizan la relación existente entre trastornos de personalidad y trastornos de la alimentación, la importancia de ésta será contemplada de forma diversa y contradictoria en la literatura, donde la co-ocurrencia entre bulimia nerviosa y trastornos de personalidad oscila entre el 27-84% de los casos, siendo los trastornos de personalidad del cluster B, y especialmente el límite, los más frecuentemente descritos. A grandes rasgos, cabe señalar que en la literatura sobre los trastornos de la alimentación, trastornos de la personalidad comórbidos han sido generalmente asociados a diversos factores, tales como diagnóstico, mayor impulsividad y auto-agresiones, mayor abuso de sustancias tóxicas, intentos de suicidio, mayor frecuencia de conductas de purga, trastornos afectivos, abuso sexual, mayor comorbilidad y severidad del trastorno. Asimismo, los trastornos de la personalidad han sido identificados como predictores de peor pronóstico y asociados a una mayor frecuencia de abandonos del tratamiento. En el presente estudio teórico, se analizan de forma crítica los estudios aparecidos en la literatura, durante las últimas dos décadas, sobre este temaIn Bulimia nervosa, as the case of many other mental health disorders, a high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders has been described, with special attention paid to personality disorders. Despite many studies devoted to the examination of personality disorders and its association with eating disorders, the importance of this topic is being considered contradictorily in the literature (ranging from 27-84% of cases with a personality disorders), being those of cluster B, and specially Borderline Type, without doubt the most represented. In general terms in eating disorders literature, personality disorders have frequently been related to several factors such as: diagnostic subtypes, higher impulsiveness and self-injurious behaviours, greater substance and alcohol abuse, suicide attempts, greater frequency of purging behaviours, mood disorder, sexual abuse, higher comorbidity and to greater severity of the disorder. Furthermore, personality disorders was found to be a predictor of poorer outcome and to be related to higher treatment dropout rates. In the theoretical study a critical analysis and discussion of the literature is carried outNa bulimia nervosa, como no caso de outras perturbações mentais, tem sido descrita uma alta comorbilidade com outras patologias e/ou perturbações psiquiátricas, e especialmente com perturbações de personalidade. Apesar dos numerosos estudos analisarem a relação existente entre perturbações de personalidade e perturbações de alimentação, a sua importância tem sido contemplada de forma diversa e contraditória na literatura, (oscilando a co-ocorrência entre bulimia nervosa e perturbações de personalidade entre os 27-84% dos casos), sendo as perturbações de personalidade do cluster B, e especialmente a personalidade limite, as mais frequentemente descritos. Em termos gerais, é de assinalar que na literatura sobre as perturbações alimentares, as perturbações de personalidade comórbidas têm sido geralmente associadas a diversos factores, tais como diagnóstico, maior impulsividade e auto-agressões, maior uso de substâncias, tentativas de suicídio, maior frequência de comportamentos purgativos, perturbações afectivas, abuso sexual, maior comorbilidade e severidade da perturbação. No entanto, as perturbações da personalidade têm sido identificadas como preditores de pior prognóstico e associadas a uma maior frequência de abandono do tratamento. No presente estudo teórico, analisa-se de forma crítica a literatura sobre este tema, relativa às duas últimas década

Internationalisation and performance in Spanish family SMES: The W-curve

Previous studies have provided mixed evidence on the relationship between internationalisation and firm performance. We advance theoretically in this line of research by investigating the impact of the family dimension of a business on this relationship. Using a panel data analysis for the 2006-2011 period, we find empirically that Spanish family SMEs follow a W-curve. Our findings highlight the importance of differentiating family from non-family firms, and provide a potential explanation for the previous mixed evidence

Bulimia nerviosa y trastornos de la personalidad. Una revisión teórica de la literatura

En la bulimia nerviosa, como en el caso de otros trastornos mentales, suele describirse con frecuencia una alta comorbilidad con otras patologías y/o trastornos psiquiátricos, y especialmente con trastornos de la personalidad. A pesar de que numerosos estudios analizan la relación existente entre trastornos de personalidad y trastornos de la alimentación, la importancia de ésta será contemplada de forma diversa y contradictoria en la literatura, donde la co-ocurrencia entre bulimia nerviosa y trastornos de personalidad oscila entre el 27-84% de los casos, siendo los trastornos de personalidad del cluster B, y especialmente el límite, los más frecuentemente descritos. A grandes rasgos, cabe señalar que en la literatura sobre los trastornos de la alimentación, trastornos de la personalidad comórbidos han sido generalmente asociados a diversos factores, tales como diagnóstico, mayor impulsividad y auto-agresiones, mayor abuso de sustancias tóxicas, intentos de suicidio, mayor frecuencia de conductas de purga, trastornos afectivos, abuso sexual, mayor comorbilidad y severidad del trastorno. Asimismo, los trastornos de la personalidad han sido identificados como predictores de peor pronóstico y asociados a una mayor frecuencia de abandonos del tratamiento. En el presente estudio teórico, se analizan de forma crítica los estudios aparecidos en la literatura, durante las últimas dos décadas, sobre este temaIn Bulimia nervosa, as the case of many other mental health disorders, a high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders has been described, with special attention paid to personality disorders. Despite many studies devoted to the examination of personality disorders and its association with eating disorders, the importance of this topic is being considered contradictorily in the literature (ranging from 27-84% of cases with a personality disorders), being those of cluster B, and specially Borderline Type, without doubt the most represented. In general terms in eating disorders literature, personality disorders have frequently been related to several factors such as: diagnostic subtypes, higher impulsiveness and self-injurious behaviours, greater substance and alcohol abuse, suicide attempts, greater frequency of purging behaviours, mood disorder, sexual abuse, higher comorbidity and to greater severity of the disorder. Furthermore, personality disorders was found to be a predictor of poorer outcome and to be related to higher treatment dropout rates. In the theoretical study a critical analysis and discussion of the literature is carried outNa bulimia nervosa, como no caso de outras perturbações mentais, tem sido descrita uma alta comorbilidade com outras patologias e/ou perturbações psiquiátricas, e especialmente com perturbações de personalidade. Apesar dos numerosos estudos analisarem a relação existente entre perturbações de personalidade e perturbações de alimentação, a sua importância tem sido contemplada de forma diversa e contraditória na literatura, (oscilando a co-ocorrência entre bulimia nervosa e perturbações de personalidade entre os 27-84% dos casos), sendo as perturbações de personalidade do cluster B, e especialmente a personalidade limite, as mais frequentemente descritos. Em termos gerais, é de assinalar que na literatura sobre as perturbações alimentares, as perturbações de personalidade comórbidas têm sido geralmente associadas a diversos factores, tais como diagnóstico, maior impulsividade e auto-agressões, maior uso de substâncias, tentativas de suicídio, maior frequência de comportamentos purgativos, perturbações afectivas, abuso sexual, maior comorbilidade e severidade da perturbação. No entanto, as perturbações da personalidade têm sido identificadas como preditores de pior prognóstico e associadas a uma maior frequência de abandono do tratamento. No presente estudo teórico, analisa-se de forma crítica a literatura sobre este tema, relativa às duas últimas década

El mar : font de vida i de cultura

Crédito de síntesis compuesto por diferentes actividades interdisciplinarias vinculadas al currículum común del alumnado. Se pretende prácticas que lleven a la observación de los contenidos asumidos por el alumnado y así evaluar el nivel de adquisición de capacidades del alumnado de último curso de ESO. Desarrolla una unidad didáctica completa con el mar como hilo conductor del crédito. Así las actividades, temporalizadas y desarrolladas, se basan en siete acciones: Levemos el ancla; El mar y nuestra historia; El mar y los servicios; El mar y la creación artística; El mar y la pesca; El puerto y la industria; Interpretemos el mar; Acabemos en fiesta. Pretende ser una evaluación global e interdisciplinar aunque parece más cargada del lado de las Humanidades con contenidos de Geografía, Historia e Historia del Arte más Ecología, fundamentalmente.CataluñaES

Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document): The role of diet in obesity prevention (II/III) Recomendaciones nutricionales basadas en la evidencia para la prevención y el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en adultos (Consenso FESNAD-SEEDO): La dieta en la prevención de la obesidad (II/III)

This study is a consensus document of two Spanish scientific associations, FESNAD (Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetetic Associations) and SEEDO (Spanish Association for the Study of Obesity), about the role of the diet in the prevention and of overweight and obesity in adults. It is the result of a careful and systematic review of the data published in the medical literature from January 1st 1996 to January 31st 2011 concerning the role of the diet on obesity prevention. The conclusions obtained have been classified according several evidence levels. Subsequently, in agreement with these evidence levels, different degree recommendations are established. These recommendations could be potentially useful to design food guides as part of strategies to prevent overweight and obesity.Se presenta un consenso de la Federación Española de Sociedades de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética (FESNAD) y la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO) sobre la dieta en la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad, tras efectuar una revisión sistemática de los datos de la literatura médica desde el 1 de enero de 1996 al 31 de enero de 2011. Las conclusiones obtenidas se han catalogado según niveles de evidencia. Se establecen unas recomendaciones clasificadas según grados que pueden servir de guía y orientación en el diseño de pautas alimentarias dirigidas a la prevención de la obesidad o el sobrepeso