Chemistry of a Nitrosyl Ligand ¿:¿-Bridging a Ditungsten Center: rearrangement and N–O Bond cleavage reactions

The novel nitrosyl-bridged complex [W2Cp2(μ-PtBu2)(μ-κ:η-NO)(CO)(NO)](BAr4) [Ar = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2] was prepared in a multistep procedure starting from the hydride [W2Cp2(μ-H)(μ-PtBu2)(CO)4] and involving the new complexes [W2Cp2(μ-PtBu2)(CO)4](BF4), [W2Cp2(μ-PtBu2)(CO)2(NO)2](BAr4), and [W2(μ-κ:η5-C5H4)Cp(μ-PtBu2)(CO)(NO)2] as intermediates, which follow from reactions with HBF4·OEt2, NO, and Me3NO·2H2O, respectively. The nitrosyl-bridged cation easily added chloride upon reaction with [N(PPh3)2]Cl, with concomitant NO rearrangement into the terminal coordination mode, to give [W2ClCp2(μ-PtBu2)(CO)(NO)2], and underwent N–O and W–W bond cleavages upon the addition of CNtBu to give the mononuclear phosphinoimido complex [WCp(NPtBu2)(CNtBu)2](BAr4). Another N–O bond cleavage was induced upon photochemical decarbonylation at 243 K, which gave the oxo- and phosphinito-bridged nitrido complex [W2Cp2(N)(μ-O)(μ-OPtBu2)(NO)](BAr4), likely resulting from a N–O bond cleavage step following decarbonylation

Collaboration for social innovation in the agri-food system in Latin America and the Caribbean

Aim of study: This study reviews the state of the art of collaboration for social innovation in food and rural systems. The analysis focuses on cooperation by farms and agro-industry companies. The purpose is to identify not only the state of the art of this research topic but also the main authors, the countries where these studies are conducted and the dynamics of research networks in relation to these topics. Area of study: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Material and methods: The Web of Science database was used to search for articles containing the terms ‘cooperation’, ‘networks’, ‘innovation’, ‘social’, ‘rural’ and ‘LAC’. Using VOSviewer network creation and analysis software, maps of citations, co-authorship, co-citations and co-occurrence of key-words were created and analysed. Content analysis was then performed. Finally, the research areas that the authors of the analysed articles consider to be of interest for future research were identified. Main results: The results reveal that researchers from Latin America and other regions, especially Europe and the English-speaking world, are showing a growing interest in collaborative systems for development and social innovation in LAC. Research highlights: The analysis enables further progress to be made in identifying the main drivers of collaboration in the LAC rural sector. These main drivers include social innovation, knowledge, sustainable management and social capital

Complicaciones tras la artrotomía en el tratamiento de las fracturas desplazadas del cuello del radio en la infancia

Presentamos un estudio retrospectivo de los resultados obtenidos en una serie de 14 fracturas del cuello del radio desplazadas con más de 30º de inclinación (Judet grados 3 y 4) en niños entre 7 y 14 años tratados mediante artrotomía y fijación con agujas. La distribución por sexos fue de 9 niñas y 5 niños. El seguimiento medio fue de 47 meses. Cabe destacar que no hemos encontrado relación entre el retraso en el tratamiento quirúrgico y los resultados funcionales. Por otro lado, sí aparece una relación entre la angulación residual de la cabeza del radio y peores resultados funcionales.We report the retrospective results of 14 displaced radial neck fractures with >30ºof tilt (Judet grades 3-4) in children aged between 7 and 14 years treated with arthrotomy and pinning. Sex distribution was 9 girl and 5 boys. The average follow-up was 47 months. We found no relationship between delay in the surgical treatment and functional results. On the other hand, a relationship between residual final tilt and poorer functional results appears

The Allergenic Structure of the Thaumatinlike Protein Ole e 13 Is Degraded by Processing of Raw Olive Fruits

Background: The thaumatin-like protein (TLP) Ole e 13 in raw olive fruit is responsible for occupational allergy in olive oil mill workers. However,these workers do not experience allergic symptoms after ingestion of edible olive.Objectives: To analyze the presence of IgE-reactive TLP in raw and edible olive fruit and to assess the allergenic potency of both sources.Methods: The content of TLP in raw and edible olive fruit protein extracts was analyzed using immunoblotting with sera from allergic patients and with olive TLP–specific IgG. The structural and immunological stability of TLP were assayed using immunoblotting after treatment of both raw olive and purified TLP with 0.25 M NaOH solution for 24 hours. Olive pollen extract was investigated by immunoblotting for TLP content. Results: The TLP contained in raw olive fruit was not present in edible olives as a result of maceration before human consumption. No TLP was detected in olive pollen using specific IgG or sera from patients allergic to olive fruit. Sera from patients allergic to olive pollen did not react with purified TLP. Conclusions: IgE-reactive TLP is not present in edible olive, thus explaining the low number of patients allergic to this highly consumed fruit. Patients allergic to olive pollen are not sensitized to TLP and, therefore, not expected to be at risk of food allergy to olive fruit or TLP plant source

Obtención por vía SHS-AE de compuesto cerámico αSiC-αAl2O3-CaAl4O7

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados experimentales de la obtención del compuesto cerámico SiC-Al2O3-CaAl 4O7 mediante el proceso SHS-AE (síntesis auto-sostenida de alta temperatura combinada con arco eléctrico) a partir del sistema vidrio sódico-cálcico-Al-C. Se utilizó horno de arco eléctrico con atmósfera de argón para la reducción del contenido de sílice presente en el vidrio con aluminio.La combinación de la energía de la reacción de formación del Al2O3 con la del arco eléctrico provee suficiente energía térmica para superar las barreras cinéticas asociadas con la reacción de formación de los componentes cerámicos.A partir de las relaciones estequiométricas de las materias primas, (polvos que se compactan en forma de pastilla) se efectúa la síntesis alcanzando una temperatura superior a los 2500 K formándose el compuesto SiC-Al2O3-CaAl 4O7. Las muestras obtenidas se caracterizaron por DRX y MEB-EDX confirmando la obtención simultánea de αSiC-αAl2O3-CaAl4O7

El algoritmo HyRPNI y una aplicación en bioinformática

Proponemos un algoritmo de inferencia gramatical para lenguajes regulares que permite ahorrar cómputo al usar dos criterios diferentes para elegir los estados a ser procesados, un criterio se usa en la primera fase del proceso de inferencia (al principio) y el otro en el resto del proceso. Realizamos experimentos para observar el desempeño del algoritmo, para aprender sobre el tamaño ideal de su primera fase y para mostrar su aplicación en la solución de un problema específico en bioinformática: la predicción de sitios de corte en poliproteínas codificadas por virus de la familia Potyviridae./ We propose a grammar inference algorithm for regular languages which saves computational cost by using two different criteria to choose states to be processed: one in the first phase of the inference process (the beginning) and another for the rest of the process. We applied experiments to observe performance of the algorithm, to learn about the best size of its first phase and to show results of its application to solve a specific problem in Bioinformatics: the cleavage site prediction problem in polyproteins encoded by viruses of the Potyviridae family