1,402 research outputs found
Formal Verification of Termination Criteria for First-Order Recursive Functions
This paper presents a formalization of several termination criteria for first-order recursive functions. The formalization, which is developed in the Prototype Verification System (PVS), includes the specification and proof of equivalence of semantic termination, Turing termination, size change principle, calling context graphs, and matrix-weighted graphs. These termination criteria are defined on a computational model that consists of a basic functional language called PVS0, which is an embedding of recursive first-order functions. Through this embedding, the native mechanism for checking termination of recursive functions in PVS could be soundly extended with semi-automatic termination criteria such as calling contexts graphs
Lack of effect of cell-wall targeted antibacterials on biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility of Candidaspecies
The use of central venous catheters (CVC) and broad-spectrum antibacterials are among the main risk factors for the development of candidemia in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). It is known that some antibacterials increase the resistance of these yeasts to azole antifungals. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine whether yeast present in CVC colonizations previously exposed to cell-wall targeted antibacterials benefit from a reduction in susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole, facilitating their ability to form biofilms. Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. guilhermondii were seeded into antibacterial (cefepime, meropenem, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam) gradient plates produced in Mueller-Hinton Agar. The susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole and the biofilm formation of the yeasts were tested before and after exposure to the antibacterials. None of the antibacterials exerted a significant effect on the in vitro susceptibility of the yeasts to the antifungal agents or on their ability to form biofilms. These results suggest that increased candidemia in ICU patients is not attributable to possible alterations in the yeasts, but is more likely caused by a weakening of the patient's general condition after long exposure to infection
Dry matter yield of signal grass tillers and grass ruziziensis submitted to the application of herbicides
Todos os textos, informa??es e resultados apresentados s?o de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.Parte da disserta??o do primeiro autor, financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico
e Tecnol?gico (CNPq), Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES).Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produ??o de massa seca de perfilhos a?reos e basais do capimbraqui?ria
e do capim-ruziziensis aos herbicidas lactofen, fomesafen, clomazone, mesotrione, fluazifop-p-butil,
fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, nicosulfuron e glyphosate. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 1,5 L
cultivados em casa de vegeta??o no Campus JK da UFVJM Diamantina. O delineamento experimental foi em
blocos casualizados, com cinco repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial (8x2) + 2 sendo
oito herbicidas: glyphosate, nicosulfuron, clomazone, fluazifop p butil + fomesafen, lactofen, fomesafen,
fluazifop p butil e mesotrione, aplicados na dose recomendada pelo fabricante, em duas esp?cies forrageiras
Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk e Brachiaria ruziziensis, mais duas testemunhas, sem aplica??o dos
herbicidas. Em cada vaso foram cultivadas duas plantas de capim-braqui?ria ou duas de capim-ruziziensis. Aos
30 dias ap?s a aplica??o (DAA), as plantas de ambas as esp?cies foram colhidas ao n?vel do solo, para
determina??o da massa seca de perfilhos basais e a?reos ap?s secagem em estufa de ventila??o for?ada de ar a 60
?C. N?o foram observadas diferen?as do herbicida clomazone em rela??o ? testemunha para massa seca de
perfilhos basais do capim-ruziziensis, entretanto, os demais herbicidas afetaram negativamente a massa seca de
perfilhos basais da esp?cie. Os herbicidas clomazone e fomesafen n?o apresentaram redu??o dos teores de massa
seca de perfilhos basais no capim-braqui?ria em rela??o ? testemunha. O capim-braqui?ria e capim-ruziziensis
foram mais influenciados pelos herbicidas glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butil e
nicosulfuron, os quais, n?o permitiram o aparecimento de perfilhos a?reos em ambas as esp?cies.The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of the dry mass of aerial and basal tillers of the signal
grass and congo grass to the herbicides lactofen, fomesafen, clomazone, mesotrine, fluazifop-p-butyl, fluazifopp-
butyl + fomesafen, nicosulfuron, and glyphosate. The first experiment was conducted in 1.5 L containers
installed in the greenhouse in the Campus JK of the UFVJM Diamantina. The experimental design was in
randomized block, with five repetitions. The treatments were organized in factorial scheme (8x2) + 2 being 8
herbicides: glyphosate, nicosulfuron, clomazone, fluazifop p butyl + fomesafen, lactofen, fomesafen, fluazifop
p butyl, and mesotrione, applied on the dose recommended by the manufacturer, on two forage species
Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk and Brachiaria ruziziensis, and two more without the application of
herbicides. In each container were cultivated two plants of signal grass or two of congo grass. At 30 days after
application (DAA), the plants of both species were harvested on the ground level, to determine the dry mass of
the aerial and basal tillers after drying on forced air oven at 60?C. It was not observed differences on the
herbicide clomazone in relation to the plants without herbicides, to dry mass of basal tillers of the congo grass,
however, the others herbicides negatively affected the dry mass of the basal tillers of the specie. The herbicides
clomazone and fomesafen did not show reduction on the dry mass content of the signal grass comparing with the
one without herbicides. The signal grass and congo grass were more influenced by the herbicides glyphosate,
fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, and nicosulfuron, which did not allow the growth of aerial
tillers on both species
Number and dry weight of total tillers grass brachiaria and grass ruziziensis after herbicide application
Parte da disserta??o do segundo autor, financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico
e Tecnol?gico (CNPq), Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES).Todos os textos, informa??es e resultados apresentados s?o de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dos herbicidas lactofen, fomesafen, clomazone, mesotrione,
fluazifop-p-butil, fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, nicosulfuron e glyphosate aplicados em p?s-emerg?ncia no
n?mero e massa seca de perfilhos totais do capim-braqui?ria e do capim-ruziziensis. O experimento foi
conduzido em vasos de 1,5 L cultivados em casa de vegeta??o no Campus JK da UFVJM ? Diamantina. O
delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram dispostos
em esquema fatorial (8x2) + 2 sendo oito herbicidas: glyphosate, nicosulfuron, clomazone, fluazifop?p?butil +
fomesafen, lactofen, fomesafen, fluazifop?p?butil e mesotrione, aplicados na dose recomendada pelo fabricante,
em duas esp?cies forrageiras Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk e Brachiaria ruziziensis, mais duas
testemunhas, sem aplica??o dos herbicidas. Em cada vaso foram cultivadas duas plantas de capim-braqui?ria ou
duas de capim-ruziziensis. Aos 30 dias ap?s a aplica??o (DAA), as plantas de ambas as esp?cies foram colhidas
ao n?vel do solo, para determina??o do n?mero e da massa seca de perfilhos totais ap?s secagem em estufa de
ventila??o for?ada de ar a 60?C. Os herbicidas glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butil e
nicosulfuron refletiram na menor quantidade de n?mero de perfilhos totais em ambas as esp?cies estudadas. O
herbicida nicosulfuron proporcionou no capim-braqui?ria menor n?mero de perfilhos totais quando comparado
com o capim-ruziziensis, indicando maior efeito negativo no capim-braqui?ria para a vari?vel n?mero de
perfilhos. A massa seca de perfilhos totais n?o foi alterada pela a??o do herbicida clomazone, em rela??o ?
testemunha, tanto para o capim-ruziziensis, quanto o capim-braqui?ria. Os herbicidas glyphosate, fluazifop-pbutil
+ fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butil e nicosulfuron influenciaram de forma mais significativa na redu??o do
n?mero e da massa seca de perfilhos totais em ambas as esp?cies estudadas.The study had the objective of evaluate the effect of the herbicides lactofen, fomesafen, clomazone, mesotrione,
fluazifop-p-butyl, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, nicosulfuron, and glyphosate applied on post-emergence in the
number and dry mass of total tillers of the signal grass and congo grass. The experiment was conducted in 1.5 L
containers cultivated in greenhouse, at Campus JK of the UFVJM ? Diamantina. The experimental design was in
randomized block, with five repetitions.The treatments were organized in factorial scheme (8x2) + 2 being 8
herbicides: glyphosate, nicosulfuron, clomazone, fluazifop?p?butyl + fomesafen, lactofen, fomesafen, fluazifop?
p?butyl, and mesotrione, applied on the dose recommended by the manufacturer, on two forage species
Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk and Brachiaria ruziziensis, and two more without the application of
herbicides. In each container were cultivated two plants of signal grass or two of congo grass. At 30 days after
application (DAA), the plants of both species were harvested at the ground level, to determine the number and
the dry mass of total tillers after drying in forced air oven at 60?C. The herbicides glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl
+ fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, and nicosulfuron reflected on the lower number of total tillers of both species
studied. The herbicide nicosulfuron provided on the signal grass lower number of total tillers when compared
with the congo grass, indicating bigger negative effect on the signal grass to the variable number of total tillers.
The dry mass of total tillers was not modified by the action of the herbicide clomazone, in relation to the ones
without herbicides, to both species. The herbicides glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl,
and nicosulfuron influenced significantly on the reduction of the number and the dry mass of total tillers in both
species studied
Levels of chlorophyll cucumber plants grown in pasture soils treated with herbicide mimics auxinas
Todos os textos, informa??es e resultados apresentados s?o de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.Parte da disserta??o do primeiro autor, financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico
e Tecnol?gico (CNPq), Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Coordenac?o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES).O projeto tem como coordenador e orientador, o segundo autor.Este trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito residual dos herbicidas triclopyr, 2,4-D e a mistura 2,4-D + picloram no teor de clorofila total de plantas de pepino. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira parte foi conduzida em uma ?rea de pastagem infestada por plantas daninhas pertencente ? UFVJM, em Couto de Magalh?es de Minas MG. A segunda etapa foi realizada em casa de vegeta??o no Campus JK da UFVJM, em Diamantina MG. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram tr?s herbicidas: triclopyr (960 g ha-1 do equivalente ?cido triclopyr); 2,4-D (1340 g ha-1 do equivalente ?cido 2,4-D) e a mistura 2,4-D + picloram (720 + 192 g ha-1 do equivalente ?cido 2,4-D + picloram) aplicados na dose recomendada pelos fabricantes, mais testemunha sem aplica??o. Foi utilizado o pepino (Cucumis sativus) como esp?cie indicadora. Aos 40 dias ap?s a aplica??o (DAA) foram coletados aleatoriamente, em cada parcela, amostras de solo na profundidade de 0 a 20 cm, para condu??o da segunda etapa do experimento em casa de vegeta??o. Aos 20, 27, 34 e 40 dias ap?s a semeadura (DAS), foram determinados os teores de clorofila total. N?o foi observada diferen?a entre os tratamentos nas avalia??es realizadas aos 20 DAS. Entretanto, houve a morte das plantas de pepino nos solos tratados com 2,4-D + picloram a partir dos 27 DAS. Aos 40 DAS os solos tratados com os herbicidas triclopyr e 2,4-D n?o apresentaram redu??o da clorofila total em rela??o as testemunhas, sem herbicida. A mistura de herbicidas 2,4-D + picloram
apresentou grande efeito residual sobre os solos cultivados com pepino, levando as plantas a morte. Os demais herbicidas, 2,4-D e triclopyr apresentaram baixo efeito nos teores de clorofila das plantas indicadoras, demonstrando apresentar menor res?duo no solo.This study was proposed aiming to evaluate the residual effect of the herbicides triclopyr, 2,4-D and the mix of
2,4-D + picloram on the total chlorophyll content of cucumbers plants. The experiment was divided in two parts.
The first part was conducted on a pasture area infested by weeds that belongs to the UFVJM, in Couto de
Magalh?es de Minas MG. The second part was concluded on the greenhouse in the Campus JK of the UFVJM,
in Diamantina MG. The experimental design used was the completely randomized, with four repetitions. The
treatments were three herbicides: : triclopyr (960 g ha-1 of the acid equivalent triclopyr); 2,4-D (1340 g ha-1 of the
acid equivalent 2,4-D) and the mix 2,4-D + picloram (720 + 192 g ha-1 of the acid equivalent 2,4-D + picloram)
applied on the recommended dose by the manufacturer, one more without herbicide application. The specie
indicator was the cucumber (Cucumbis sativus). 40 days after the application (DAA) were randomly collected, in
each portion, soil samples on the width of 0 to 20 cm, to conduce the second part of the experiment on the
greenhouse. 20, 27, 34 and 40 days after sowing (DAS), were determined the total chlorophyll content. It was
not observed differences between the treatments on the evaluation made at 20 DAS. Nonetheless, the cucumbers
planted on soil treated with 2,4-D + picloram died after 27 DAS. At 40 DAS the soils treated with the herbicides
triclopyr and 2,4-D did not show reduction of the total chlorophyll content in relation to the plants not treated
with herbicides. The mix of herbicides 2,4-D + picloram presented a huge residual effect on the soil cultivated
with cucumber, inducing them to death. The others herbicides, 2,4-D and triclopyl has presented low effect on
the chlorophyll content of the indicators plants, showing present lower residue on the soil
Grass tillering brachiaria and ruziziensis grass after herbicide application
Todos os textos, informa??es e resultados apresentados s?o de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.Parte da disserta??o do segundo autor, financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico
e Tecnol?gico (CNPq), Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Coordenac?o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES).Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dos herbicidas lactofen, fomesafen, clomazone, mesotrione,
fluazifop-p-butil, fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, nicosulfuron e glyphosate aplicados em p?s-emerg?ncia no
n?mero de perfilhos basais e a?reos do capim-braqui?ria e do capim-ruziziensis. O experimento foi conduzido
em vasos de 1,5 L cultivados em casa de vegeta??o no Campus JK da UFVJM ? Diamantina. O delineamento
experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema
fatorial (8x2) + 2 sendo oito herbicidas: glyphosate, nicosulfuron, clomazone, fluazifop?p?butil + fomesafen,
lactofen, fomesafen, fluazifop?p?butil e mesotrione, aplicados na dose recomendada pelo fabricante, em duas
esp?cies forrageiras Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk e Brachiaria ruziziensis, mais duas testemunhas, sem
aplica??o dos herbicidas. Em cada vaso foram cultivadas duas plantas de capim-braqui?ria ou duas de capim-ruziziensis.
Aos 30 dias ap?s a aplica??o (DAA), as plantas de ambas as esp?cies foram colhidas ao n?vel do
solo, para determina??o do n?mero de perfilhos a?reos e basais. Os herbicidas glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butil +
fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butil e nicosulfuron apresentaram redu??o no capim-ruziziensis para o n?mero de
perfilhos basais em rela??o ? testemunha. Todos os herbicidas diferiram da testemunha para n?mero de perfilhos
basais no capim-braqui?ria, sendo, glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butil e nicosulfuron, os
herbicidas que mais influenciaram na redu??o do n?mero de perfilhos basais. As plantas de capim-braqui?ria
apresentaram maior sensibilidade aos herbicidas clomazone, lactofen e fomesafen quando comparado ao seu
efeito no n?mero de perfilhos a?reos no capim-ruziziensis.Aimed on this study to evaluate the effect of the herbicides lactofen, fomesafen, clomazone, mesotrione,
fluazifop-p-butyl, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, nicosulfuron, and glyphosate applied in port-emergence on the
number of basal and aerial tillers of the signal grass and congo grass. The experiment was conducted in 1.5 L
containers in the greenhouse of the Campus JK, at the UFVJM ? Diamantina. The experimental design was in
randomized block, with five repetitions.The treatments were organized in factorial scheme (8x2) + 2 being 8
herbicides: glyphosate, nicosulfuron, clomazone, fluazifop?p?butyl + fomesafen, lactofen, fomesafen, fluazifop?
p?butyl, and mesotrione, applied on the dose recommended by the manufacturer, on two forage species
Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk and Brachiaria ruziziensis, and two more without the application of
herbicides. In each container were cultivated two plants of signal grass or two of congo grass. At 30 days after
application (DAA), the plants of both species were harvested at the ground level, to determine the number of
basal and aerial tillers. The herbicides glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, and
nicosulfuron presented reduced number of basal tillers on the congo grass comparing to the ones without
herbicides. All herbicides differed of the witness, without herbicides, on the number of basal tillers on the signal
grass, the glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, and nicosulfuron are the herbicides that
had more influence on the reduction of the number of basal tillers. The plants of signal grass presented bigger
sensibility to the herbicides clomazone, lactofen, and fomesafen when comparing to its effect on the number of
aerial tillers of the congo grass
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Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.
Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors
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