Web Application Shielding

In the olden days computer networks were used for sending emails so there was no issue of security but now a days people who are using internet as sharing tool are hacking the financial products like credit cards, debit cards by hacking the pin numbers and passwords and are misusing the accounts. There are several threats for the online applications such as hacking, intrusion and so on. Nowadays, application security is rapidly being recognized as a top priority. The systems store and retrieve knowledge and it'll shield the information from unauthorized users, disclosure, modification or destruction. Systems can make sure that the users have the authority to access the information, load new knowledge, or update existing knowledge. It is a very huge and complex task to provide security for a web application. So to avoid such problems a Web Application Shielding with the help of encryption techniques can be developed. This prevents hackers from exploiting vulnerabilities. This provides a higher level of security

A Self-Diagnosis Medical Chatbot Using Artificial Intelligence

To lead a good life healthcare is very much important. But it is very difficult to obtain the consultation with the doctor in case of any health issues. The proposed idea is to create a medical chatbot using Artificial Intelligence that can diagnose the disease and provide basic details about the disease before consulting a doctor .To reduce the healthcare costs and improve accessibility to medical knowledge the medical chatbot is built. Certain chatbots acts as a medical reference books, which helps the patient know more about their disease and helps to improve their health. The user can achieve the real benefit of a chatbot only when it can diagnose all kind of disease and provide necessary information. A text-to-text diagnosis bot engages patients in conversation about their medical issues and provides a personalized diagnosis based on their symptoms. Hence, people will have an idea about their health and have the right protection

Are textbook lungs really normal? A cadaveric study on the anatomical and clinical importance of variations in the major lung fissures, and the incomplete right horizontal fissure.

INTRODUCTION: The lungs have three main fissures: the right oblique fissure (ROF), right horizontal fissure (RHF), and left oblique fissure (LOF). These can be complete, incomplete or absent; quantifying the degree of completeness of these fissures is novel. Standard textbooks often refer to the fissures as complete, but awareness of variation is essential in thoracic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fissures in 81 pairs of cadaveric lungs were classified. Oblique fissures were measured from lung hila posteriorly to the lung hila anteriorly; and the RHF measured from the ROF to the anteromedial lung edge. The degree of completeness of fissures was expressed as a percentage of the total projected length were they to be complete. The frequency and location of accessory fissures was noted. RESULTS: LOF were complete in 66/81 (81.5%), incomplete in 13/81 (16.0%) and absent in 2/81 (2.47%); ROF were complete in 52/81 (64.2%), incomplete in 29/81 (35.8%) and never absent; RHF were more variable, complete in 18/81 (22.2%), incomplete in 54/81 (66.7%) and absent in 9/81 (11.1%). LOF and ROF were on average 97.1% and 91.6% complete, respectively, being deficient posteriorly at the lung hila. The RHF on average 69.4% complete, being deficient anteromedially. There were accessory fissures in 10 left and 19 right lungs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a projection of the anatomy thoracic surgeons may encounter at operation, in particular the variable RHF. This knowledge is essential for optimal outcomes in both benign and oncological procedures influenced by the fissures

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Abstract: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era

COVID-19 and Its Effect on Natural Capital of Small and Marginal Farmers

Aim: The main aim of this research is to study COVID-19 effect on natural capital of small and marginal farmers. Study Design: Ex post facto research design. Place and Duration of Study: North western zone of Tamil Nadu includes Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem and Namakkal districts, India. Two years (2021-2022). Methodology: From the selected north western zone of Tamil Nadu, 320 respondents were purposively selected for conducting the study. Cochran sample size estimation used for the study to determine the sample size of the respondents. Due to its higher natural connectivity and diverse crop cultivation, north western zone of Tamil Nadu has been purposively selected for the district. Data were collected from small and marginal farmers during COVID-19 pandemic. Paper-Pencil survey method was used to collect data from the farmers. Paired t-test and eta squared statistic was computed to determine the intense of COVID-19 pandemic on small and marginal farmers. A comparative analysis was made among farmers before as well as during COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Three fifth of the respondents (60.30%) fall under 25 to 50 per cent proportion of natural capital whereas above one third of the respondents (36.90%) comes under the category of below 25 per cent proportion of natural capital and a very meager amount of the respondents (2.80%) fall under the proportion of 50 to 75 per cent. None of the respondents comes under the category of 75 to 100 per cent proportion of natural capital. During COVID-19 pandemic, slightly more than half of the respondents (53.10%) belongs to 25 to 50 per cent proportion followed by below quadrant proportion (45.60%). Paired t-test results (t value: 12.905, P-value: <0.001) shows that there was a statistically significant difference in the overall natural capital of small and marginal farmers when before COVID-19 pandemic compared with during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic shows larger effect (eta squared value= 0.343) on natural capital of small and marginal farmers. Strategies like diverse crop cultivation, a plan to value added products of perishable produce or a tie up with manufacturing industries for sale and higher livestock possession with fullest use of integrated resources to be followed by small and marginal farmers to ensure sustainable maintenance of natural resources

Symmetrical Fault Detection During Power Swing Based on dq-Wavelet Packet Entropy

Distance relay trips unnecessarily under power swing condition and it is considered as the significant circumstance for power system blackouts. To prevent the hazard of misoperation of distance relay, a scheme is essential so as to block circuit breaker tripping during power swing and to detect a fault during power swing condition. In Power system faults, unsymmetrical faults are unbalanced signals which have negative & zero sequence components, and these sequence components help to identify the faults during the power swing. Whereas, these components are absent during symmetrical fault since power swing and symmetrical fault are balanced phenomena. Symmetrical fault detection under power swing condition is a critical issue. Hence, Power system protection due to symmetrical fault during power swing is difficult. In this regard, a proposed scheme based on Direct axis - Quadrature axis transformation and Wavelet packet entropy to identify symmetrical faults occurring with power swing is proposed. The proposed technique is investigated for various power swing and fault conditions on two-machine system, distribution system with distributed generation and WSCC 9-bus system using Matlab software. This scheme provides better results irrespective of various fault locations, fault inception angle, and power swing frequencies. This scheme can also detect asymmetrical faults with high impedance during power swing

Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity and Alcohol use Disorders Among Adolescent Indigenous Tribals from Three Indian States

Background: Among the Indian adolescents, the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are 7.3% and 1.3%. However, no separate data are available for indigenous tribal populations. This study estimated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and AUD and associated socio-demographic factors among adolescents in the tribal communities in three widely varying states in India. Methods: Using validated Indian versions of the MINI 6.0, MINI Kid 6.0, and ICD-10 criteria, we conducted a cross-sectional survey from January to May 2019 in three Indian sites: Valsad, Gujarat (western India); Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu (south India); and East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya (north-east India) on 623 indigenous tribal adolescents. Results: Aggregate prevalence of any psychiatric morbidity was 15.9% (95% CI: 13.1–19.0) (males: 13.6%, 95% CI: 10.0–18.1; females: 17.9%, 95% CI: 13.9–22.6), with site-wise statistically significant differences: Gujarat: 23.8% (95% CI: 18.1–30.2), Meghalaya: 17.1% (95% CI: 12.4–22.7), Tamil Nadu: 6.2% (95% CI: 3.2–10.5). The prevalence of diagnostic groups was mood disorders 6.4% ( n = 40), neurotic- and stress-related disorders 9.1% ( n = 57), phobic anxiety disorder 6.3% ( n = 39), AUD 2.7% ( n = 17), behavioral and emotional disorders 2.7% ( n = 17), and obsessive-compulsive disorder 2.2% ( n = 14). These differed across the sites. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in adolescent tribals is approximately twice the national average. The most common psychiatric morbidities reported are mood (affective) disorders, neurotic- and stress-related disorders, phobic anxiety disorder, AUD, behavioral and emotional disorders, andobsessive-compulsive disorder