The glauconitic levels of the Salamanca Formation, Chubut: its agronomic effectiveness as a potassium fertilizer alternative

Las secuencias marinas del Maastrichtiano-Paleoceno inferior representadas por la Formación Salamanca y unidades equivalentes, presentan niveles con glauconita que podrían suplir parcialmente las importaciones de potasio para uso en la industria de fertilizantes. La prospección y muestreo se realizó en las nacientes del río Chico, Chubut, donde los espesores de los niveles glauconíticos alcanzan 20 metros. El trabajo se dividió en fases: fase 1, prospección, muestreo y análisis sedimentológicos y químicos de rutina; fase 2a, ensayos de concentración y tratamiento, y fase 2b, ensayos agronómicos donde se compara la efectividad agronómica de las areniscas glauconíticas (GL) con el fertilizante potásico tradicional (KCl). Estos últimos se realizaron en cámara de cultivo, con las fracciones 125 ∝m y 250 ∝m, (2,85 y 2,82 % K2O respectivamente) de GL y con KCl, variando las dosis aplicadas, más una muestra testigo resultando en total 7 tratamientos. A lo largo de las 4 cosechas no se observó un comportamiento diferencial significativo entre GL1, GL2 (125) y el testigo. Ambos tratamientos de GL 250 ∝m presentaron una mayor biomasa acumulada, superando al testigo en un 44 y 60 % respectivamente. Como conclusión, los tratamientos con GL (125) presentaron resultados poco diferenciables del testigo, en tanto que en GL (250) los valores alcanzados superaron a los obtenidos con la fertilización con KCl. Probablemente la mayor participación de feldespato potásico junto a un incremento en la velocidad de lixiviación por riego en la fracción 125 ∝m origine el rendimiento diferencial observado. La gran extensión areal de la Formación Salamanca y la continuidad de los niveles glauconíticos alienta a continuar su evaluación como fertilizante o enmienda.The Maastrichtian-Early Palaeocene Salamanca Formation and equivalent marine sequences show several glaucony levels, which could be used as a source of potassium and could partially replace current fertilizer requirements met from import. First agronomic assays are shown comparing the efficiency of greensands (GL) with a traditional potassium fertilizer (KCl). Prospection and sampling took place in the heads of Rio Chico to east of Lago Colhué Huapi, Chubut, where glauconitic levels thickness reach to 20m. This research was separated in phases: phase 1, prospection, sampling, and sedimentological and chemical routine analyses, phase 2a, concentration and ore treatment assays, and phase 2b:, agronomic assays. This last phase, was done in culture chamber, with 125 ∝m and 250 ∝m fractions (2,85 and 2,82 % K2O respectively) and KCl. Varying the dose, seven treatments were completed. In successive harvests (four in total) was observed that GL1 and GL2 (125), did not present a significantly differential behavior with the control. Both treatments of GL 250 ∝m showed major accumulated biomass, overcoming the control in 44 and 60 % respectively. As conclusion, better results were obtained by 250 ∝m overcoming even to the KCl fertilization. Probably the major participation of K feldspars in the 125 ∝m and fast leaching of K in this fraction during successive irrigations of soil would originate the minor observed yield. The great areal extension of the Salamanca Formation and the continuity of the glauconitic levels encourage continuing the evaluation as fertilizer or amendment.Fil: Castro, Liliana Norma. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Scasso, Roberto Adrian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Branzini, Agustina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Zubillaga, Marta Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Fazio, Ana Maria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Tourn, Selvia M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Zubillaga, María M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; Argentin

Los niveles glauconíticos de la Formación Salamanca, Chubut : su efectividad agronómica como fuente alternativa de fertilizante potásico

391-398The Maastrichtian-Early Palaeocene Salamanca Formation and equivalent marine sequences show several glaucony levels, which could be used as a source of potassium and could partially replace current fertilizer requirements met from import. First agronomic assays are shown comparing the efficiency of greensands (GL) with a traditional potassium fertilizer (KCl). Prospection and sampling took place in the heads of Rio Chico to east of Lago Colhué Huapi, Chubut, where glauconitic levels thickness reach to 20m. This research was separated in phases: phase 1, prospection, sampling, and sedimentological and chemical routine analyses, phase 2a, concentration and ore treatment assays, and phase 2b, agronomic assays. This last phase, was done in culture chamber, with 125 um and 250 um fractions (2,85 and 2,82 percent K 2O respectively) and KCl. Varying the dose, seven treatments were completed. In successive harvests (four in total) was observed that GL1 and GL2 (125), did not present a significantly differential behavior with the control. Both treatments of GL 250 um showed major accumulated biomass, overcoming the control in 44 and 60 percent respectively. As conclusion, better results were obtained by 250 um overcoming even to the KCl fertilization. Probably the major participation of K feldspars in the 125 um and fast leaching of K in this fraction during successive irrigations of soil would originate the minor observed yield. The great areal extension of the Salamanca Formation and the continuity of the glauconitic levels encourage continuing the evaluation as fertilizer or amendment

Los niveles glauconíticos de la Formación Salamanca, Chubut : su efectividad agronómica como fuente alternativa de fertilizante potásico

391-398The Maastrichtian-Early Palaeocene Salamanca Formation and equivalent marine sequences show several glaucony levels, which could be used as a source of potassium and could partially replace current fertilizer requirements met from import. First agronomic assays are shown comparing the efficiency of greensands (GL) with a traditional potassium fertilizer (KCl). Prospection and sampling took place in the heads of Rio Chico to east of Lago Colhué Huapi, Chubut, where glauconitic levels thickness reach to 20m. This research was separated in phases: phase 1, prospection, sampling, and sedimentological and chemical routine analyses, phase 2a, concentration and ore treatment assays, and phase 2b, agronomic assays. This last phase, was done in culture chamber, with 125 um and 250 um fractions (2,85 and 2,82 percent K 2O respectively) and KCl. Varying the dose, seven treatments were completed. In successive harvests (four in total) was observed that GL1 and GL2 (125), did not present a significantly differential behavior with the control. Both treatments of GL 250 um showed major accumulated biomass, overcoming the control in 44 and 60 percent respectively. As conclusion, better results were obtained by 250 um overcoming even to the KCl fertilization. Probably the major participation of K feldspars in the 125 um and fast leaching of K in this fraction during successive irrigations of soil would originate the minor observed yield. The great areal extension of the Salamanca Formation and the continuity of the glauconitic levels encourage continuing the evaluation as fertilizer or amendment

Concentrations of potentially toxic elements and soil environmental quality evaluation of a typical Prosecco vineyard of the Veneto region (NE Italy)

Purpose The aim of this work was to assess the concentrations of potentially toxic elements and to evaluate the soil quality of a typical Prosecco Denomination of Controlled and Guaranteed Origin vineyard of the Veneto region, NE Italy. Materials and methods Soil samples and leaves of Taraxacum officinale and Vitis vinifera were collected during spring–summer 2014. Element determination (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, V, and Zn) were performed with ICP-OES after microwave digestion of samples. Soil quality was assessed via the biological soil quality (BSQ-ar) index. Lipid peroxidation test was performed to evaluate the vegetation oxidative stress, based on malondialdehyde (MDA) content via spectrophotometer. Results and discussion High concentrations of Al,Mg, and P were identified in soil, while high contents of Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn were found in V. vinifera leaves. The high concentrations in soil are probably due to agricultural activities, whereas those in leaves are probably due to atmospheric deposition and repeated use of foliar sprays in viticulture. The bioconcentration factor showed an effective transport of Cu, P, and Zn, from soil to leaf. The BSQ-ar values registered were similar to those obtained in preserved soils; hence, the biological class (VI) of these soils is high. The MDA content in T. officinale and V. vinifera leaves was below the reference value for T. officinale (2.9 ± 0.2 μM), suggesting that the metal content did not stress the vegetation in the investigated site. Conclusions The MDA value for V. vinifera (1.1 ± 0.7 μM) could be adopted as another control value for soil quality, which in our case is of Bgood quality.^ Moreover, our results suggest that high concentrations of elements detected in the analyzed samples do not influence negatively the quality of soil, but a better agronomic management could improve soil quality in the studied area

Nani sulle spalle di giganti. Alcune lezioni di metodo della Filologia italiana e le prospettive dell’edizione critica digitale dello Zibaldone laurenziano di Giovanni Boccaccio

Il passaggio del testo dalla modalità pre-informatica e gutemberghiana, a quella segnata dall’informatica o digitale è tale da cambiare sostanzialmente non solo il concetto di testo ma anche la natura stessa della filologia. Il saggio presenta e discute i problemi incontrati nel lavoro volto a stabilire un’edizione critica informatizzata dello Zibaldone Laurenziano, manoscritto autografo di Giovanni Boccaccio, conservato alla Biblioteca Laurenziana di Firenze (Pluteo XXIX, 8). Il testo medievale (e ancor più un testo del tipo-zibaldone) presenta delle caratteristiche intrinseche che entrano in contraddizione con l’immobilità e la natura definitiva tipiche del testo a stampa. L’edizione informatizzata, quella che si può basare sull’ipertestualità, sull’ipermedialità e sul ricorso alla rete, quella che Jean-Louis Lebrave ha definito come “l’édition critique au XXI.e siècle” (Lebrave 127), è perfettamente in grado di rendere il movimento testuale, restituendo al testo la sua rigorosa mobilità