Longevidade de adultos de Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo e González (Diptera: Tephritidae) em condições de laboratório.

A utilização de dietas artificiais no processo de criação de moscas-das-frutas em laboratório é um passo importante no conhecimento da biologia das moscas-das-frutas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de dietas à base de açúcar refinado e extrato de levedura na longevidade dos adultos de Anastrepha coronilli. Exemplares de A. coronilli foram obtidos de frutos de goiaba-de-anta, Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana (Melastomataceae), coletados em campo, direto da planta ou recém-caídos no solo. Os frutos foram acondicionados em bandejas de plástico cobertas por organza e transportados até o Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Amapá, em Macapá. Os pupários obtidos foram acondicionados em câmaras climatizadas, sob condições controladas de temperatura (26 ± 0,5oC), umidade relativa do ar (70 ± 10%) e fotofase (12 horas), até a obtenção dos adultos. Após emergirem, os exemplares da A. coronilli foram transferidos para gaiolas medindo 20 x 10 x 10 cm, num total de três casais por gaiola, todos com até 24h de vida. Foram utilizadas 10 gaiolas com dieta à base de açúcar refinado e 10 gaiolas com dieta artificial composta de extrato de levedura Bionis® YE MF. Todas as gaiolas foram mantidas em sala com temperatura média de 26 ± 2°C, umidade relativa de 75 ± 10% e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. As moscas-das-frutas alimentadas à base de açúcar refinado sobreviveram no mínimo dois dias e no máximo 66 dias (média de 35,6 dias). As moscas-das-frutas que se alimentaram com dieta à base de extrato de levedura (Bionis) viveram no mínimo um dia e no máximo 117 dias (média de 49,3 dias). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a dieta à base de extrato de levedura foi mais eficaz na nutrição das moscas-das-frutas, provavelmente devido à presença de aminoácidos necessários ao desenvolvimento e maturação sexual do inseto. Por outro lado, o açúcar não fornece os nutrientes necessários ao pleno desenvolvimento do inseto.US38

17-jähriger Mann mit akuten Bauchschmerzen, Hämatochezie und Exanthem

Zusammenfassung: Ein 17-jähriger Patient stellte sich mit kolikartigen abdominellen Schmerzen und Diarrhö vor. Als weitere Symptome traten Petechien, Arthralgien und eine Hämatochezie auf. Sonographisch bestand eine auffällige Ileozökalregion. Endoskopisch fand sich eine Ileitis terminalis, und histologisch zeigte sich hier eine leukozytoklastische Vaskulitis mit IgA-Ablagerungen. Die Kasuistik zeigt exemplarisch die mehrzeitige klinische Manifestation der Purpura Schönlein-Henoch und deren Verlau

Patterns of the parasite communities in a fish assemblage of a river in the Brazilian Amazon region.

This paper characterizes the pattern of ectoparasite and endoparasite communities in an assemblage of 35 sympatric fish from different trophic levels in a tributary from the Amazon River system, northern Brazil. In detritivorous, carnivorous, omnivorous and piscivorous hosts, the species richness consisted of 82 ectoparasites and endoparasites, but protozoan ectoparasites such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare and Tripartiella sp. were dominant species predominated, such that they were present in 80% of the hosts. The taxon richness was in the following order: Monogenea > Nematoda > Digenea > Crustacea > Protozoa > Acanthocephala = Cestoda > Hirudinea. Among the hosts, the highest number of parasitic associations occurred in Satanoperca jurupari, Aequidens tetramerus, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Hoplosternum littorale, Cichlasoma amazonarum, Chaetobranchus flavescens, Squaliforma emarginata, Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis and Hoplias malabaricus. A weak positive correlation between ectoparasite abundance and length of the hosts was observed. Ectoparasite communities of detritivorous, carnivorous and omnivorous hosts were similar, but these differed from the communities of piscivorous hosts. Larval endoparasite species with low host specificity were the main determinants of the parasite infracommunity structure of the fish assemblage. Fish assemblage had few species of helminth that were specialist endoparasites, while many were parasites at the larval stage, infecting intermediate and paratenic hosts. Finally, carnivorous and omnivorous hosts harbored endoparasite communities that were more heterogeneous than those of detritivorous and piscivorous hosts. This result lends supports to the notion that the feeding habits of the host species are a significant factor in determining the endoparasites fauna

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Intrahepatic, Perihilar, and Distal Cholangiocarcinoma:a National Population-Based Comparative Cohort Study

IntroductionData supporting the utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients receiving resection for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains uncertain. We aimed to determine whether NAC followed by resection improves long-term survival in intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (hCCA), and distal (dCCA) cholangiocarcinoma, analyzed separately.MethodsPatients undergoing surgery for iCCA, hCCA, and dCCA, receiving either none, NAC, or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) from 2010 to 2016 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Cox regression was performed to account for selection bias and to assess the impact of surgery alone (SA) versus either NAC or AC on overall survival (OS).ResultsThere were 9411 patients undergoing surgery for iCCA (n = 3772, 39.5%), hCCA (n = 1879, 20%), and dCCA (n = 3760, 40%). Of these, 10.6% (n = 399), 6.5% (n = 123), and 7.2% (n = 271) with iCCA, hCCA, and dCCA received NAC, respectively. On adjusted analyses, patients receiving NAC followed by surgery had significantly improved OS, compared to SA for iCCA (HR 0.75, CI95% 0.64-0.88, p < 0.001), hCCA (HR 0.72, CI95% 0.54-0.97, p = 0.033), and for dCCA (HR 0.65, CI95% 0.53-0.78, p < 0.001). However, sensitivity analyses demonstrated no differences in OS between NACs, followed by surgery or AC after surgery in iCCA (HR 1.19, CI95% 0.99-1.45, p = 0.068), hCCA (HR 0.83 CI95% 0.59-1.19, p = 0.311), and dCCA (HR 1.13 CI95% 0.91-1.41, p = 0.264).ConclusionsThis study associated NAC with increased OS for all CCA subtypes, even in patients with margin-negative and node-negative disease; however, no differences were found between NAC and AC. Our results highlight that a careful and interdisciplinary evaluation should be sought to consider NAC in CCA and warrant the need of larger studies to provide robust recommendation

Parenting very preterm infants and stress in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

BACKGROUND: Assessing parental stress during infants' hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) is essential to identify parents at risk for immediate and extended physical and emotional burden. AIMS: To identify sources of stress in mothers and fathers of very preterm infants hospitalized in NICU, and their association with sociodemographic, obstetric and infants' characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: Observational and cross-sectional study conducted between July 2013 and June 2014. SUBJECTS: Parents of very preterm infants hospitalized in all level III NICU in the Northern Health Region of Portugal were consecutively and systematically invited to participate in this study, being included 120 mothers and 91 fathers (participation rate: 96.8%). OUTCOME MEASURES: The Portuguese version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was used. RESULTS: The overall experience of hospitalization was classified as more stressful than the median for the subscales. "Change in parental role" was classified as the most stressful subscale by mothers (Median (P25-P75): 4.1(3.2-4.7)) and fathers (Median (P25-P75): 3.2(2.4-4.0)). Mothers scored significantly higher in all subscales. For mothers, multiple pregnancy was associated with lower levels of stress regarding "change in parental role" (β=-0.597; 95% CI=-1.020 to -0.174) and "overall stress" (β=-0.603; 95% CI=-1.052 to -0.153). Being ≥30years old was found to be a significant predictor for decreased fathers' stress. CONCLUSIONS: This study raises awareness for the need to develop sensitive instruments that take notice of gender, social support and family-centered care. The implementation of interventions focused on reducing parental stress is crucial to diminish disparities in family health

Parasitos em assembleia de peixes de diferentes níveis tróficos na bacia igarapé Fortaleza, estado do Amapá, Brasil.

Enbrapoa

Preparation, structural characterisation and antibacterial properties of Ga-doped sol-gel phosphate-based glass

A sol-gel preparation of Ga-doped phosphate-based glass with potential application in antimicrobial devices has been developed. Samples of composition (CaO)(0.30)(Na2O)(0.20-x) (Ga2O3) (x) (P2O5)(0.50) where x = 0 and 0.03 were prepared, and the structure and properties of the gallium-doped sample compared with those of the sample containing no gallium. Analysis of the P-31 MAS NMR data demonstrated that addition of gallium to the sol-gel reaction increases the connectivity of the phosphate network at the expense of hydroxyl groups. This premise is supported by the results of the elemental analysis, which showed that the gallium-free sample contains significantly more hydrogen and by FTIR spectroscopy, which revealed a higher concentration of -OH groups in that sample. Ga K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray absorption near-edge structure data revealed that the gallium ions are coordinated by six oxygen atoms. In agreement with the X-ray absorption data, the high-energy XRD results also suggest that the Ga3+ ions are octahedrally coordinated with respect to oxygen. Antimicrobial studies demonstrated that the sample containing Ga3+ ions had significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus compared to the control