Activity and content of antioxidant enzymes in prostate tumors

To investigate the antioxidant enzyme system in blood of men with benign hyperplasia of prostate (BHP) and with prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP). Methods: The spectrophotometrical methods were applied to study content and activity changes of superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ceruloplasmin (Cp), tripeptide glutathione (GSH), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione-reductase (GR). Lipid peroxidation was evaluated using thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-test. Blood plasma and erythrocytes of men with prostate tumors served as the material for the studies; n = 15 for each group. Results: SOD activity was increased in BHP (24.65 ± 1.20 U/µl) and decreased in CaP (11.45 ± 0.89 U/µl), CAT activity remained unaltered in BHP (12.41 ± 0.85 mcat/ml) and was slightly declined in CaP (9.52 ± 0.56 mcat/ml). Cp was increased in both kind of tumors, especially in CaP (54.27 ± 7.22 mg%), as well as GSH (0.736 ± 0.07 µM/l) and GR (0.031 ± 0.002 µM/g.Hemogl/min). GSH-Px was sharply increased in BHP (0.67 ± 0.05 µM/g.Hemogl/min) and reduced in CaP (0.16 ± 0.01 µM/g.Hemogl/min). Conclusion: The development of BHP reflects relatively weakly on blood system as activity and content of antioxidant enzymes are not revealing marked changes in this disease. The significant changes are revealed in case of CaP, showing the reduced functional state of blood antioxidant enzyme system.Цель: исследование системы антиоксидантных ферментов в крови больных c доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты (ДГП) и аденокарциномой простаты (АКП). Методы: изменения содержания и активности супероксид-дисмутазы (СОД), каталазы (КАТ), церулоплазмина (ЦП), трипептида глютатиона (ВГ), глутатион-пероксидазы (ГП) и глутатион-редуктазы (ГР) были изучены спектрофотометрическими методами. Перекисное окисление липидов оценивали с помощью тиобарбитуровой кислоты (TBК-тест). Материалом для исследовании служили плазма крови и эритроциты больных с опухолями простаты, n = 15 для каждой группы. Результаты: активность СОД повышалась в ДГП (24,65 ± 1,20 ед./мкл) и снижалась в АКП (11,45 ± 0,89 ед./мкл). Активность КАТ оставалась неизмененной в ДГП (12,41 ± 0,85 мкат/мл) и слегка снижалась в АКП (9,52 ± 0,56 мкат/мл). Содержание ЦП повышалось в обоих типах опухолей, в особенности в АКП (54,27 ± 7,22 mg%), так же как ВГ (0,736 ± 0,07 мкM/л) и ГР (0,031 ± 0,002 мкМ/г.гемогл/мин). Активность ГП резко возрастала в ДГП (0,67 ± 0,05 мкМ/г.гемогл/мин) и снижалась в АКП (0,16 ± 0,01 мкМ/г.гемогл/мин). Выводы: развитие ДГП сравнительно слабо отражается на системе крови, так как содержание и активность антиоксидантных ферментов не показывают заметных изменении при этой болезни. Значительные изменения были выявлены в группе больных с АКП, что указывало на подавление функционального состояния системы антиоксидантных ферментов крови

Modern trends and challenges of development of global aluminum industry

This article overviews complex study into modern trends and challenges of development of global aluminum industry. Dynamics, structure, and segmentation of global aluminum market are discussed in terms of systematic analysis. On this basis strategic map of the industry has been plotted and five forces of competition on global aluminum market have been determined which will influence directly on functioning and development of aluminum producing companies

International legal, technical and financial challenges for implementing the concept of space traffic management

Focuses on the concept of Space Traffic Management (STM), the matter which has been of high interest for many space actors in the last three decades. With the emergence of the NewSpace era, and flourishment of commercial and economic incentives for space activities, this topic has gained the attention of many space actors in the preceding decades, thus turning into a separate agenda item in the Legal Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. However, establishing and implementing such regulations is a challenging task, especially for new space actors. This article aims to assess the existing challenges of STM and provide solutions to overcome them. Firstly, this article provides the necessity of establishing such a regulation: it is evaluated and discussed while describing the requirements for achieving this goal. Secondly, the paper studies definitions provided by governmental and non-governmental entities regarding this concept and the measures taken towards its realising. Finally, the research discusses the challenges that space actors face regarding implementing this concept, both legal and practical. In conclusion, the authors highlight the importance of promoting endeavours and coordination among all current and potential space actors with due considerations for their relevancy

Description of the Vitis vinifera L. phenotypic variability in eno-carpological traits by a Euro-Asiatic collaborative network among ampelographic collections

The grapevine intra-specific variability captured an increasing interest during the last decades, as demonstrated by the number of recently funded European projects focused on the grapevine biodiversity preservation. However, nowadays, crop plants are mainly characterized by genotyping methods. The present work summarizes the phenotype data collected among 20 ampelographic collections spread in 15 countries, covering mostly of the viticultural areas in the Euro-Asiatic range: from Portugal to Armenia and from Cyprus to Luxembourg. Together with agro-climatic characterization of the experimental site, in two years, about 2400 accessions were described, following a common experimental protocol mainly focused on the carpological and oenological traits, obtaining a general overview of the distribution of the considered phenotypic traits in the cultivated Vitis vinifera species. The most replicated cultivars were selected and, for the subset of these reference cultivars, their behavior in the different environmental conditions over sites and years was described by ANOVA methods

Description of the vitis vinifera L. Phenotypic variability in eno-carpological traits by a Euro-Asiatic collaborative network among ampelographic collections

The grapevine intra-specific variability captured an increasing interest during the last decades, as demonstrated by the number of recently funded European projects focused on the grapevine biodiversity preservation. However, nowadays, crop plants are mainly characterized by genotyping methods. The present work summarizes the phenotype data collected among 20 ampelographic collections spread over 15 countries, covering most of the viticultural areas in the Euro-Asiatic region: from Portugal to Armenia and from Cyprus to Luxembourg. Together with agro-climatic characterization of the experimental site, over two years about 2,400 accessions were described. A common experimental protocol mainly focused on the carpological and oe-nological traits was followed, obtaining a general overview of the distribution of the considered phenotypic traits in the cultivated Vitis vinifera species. The most replicated cultivars were selected and, for the subset of these reference cultivars, their behavior in the different environmental conditions over sites and years was described by ANOVA methods

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА И КОРРЕКЦИЯ НАРУШЕНИЙ СНА У ДЕТЕЙ

The article is devoted to the actual problem of modern pediatrics and neurology ― a comprehensive diagnosis and correction of sleep disorders in children. Detail the features of the clinical manifestations of sleep disorders in childhood (insomnia and parasomnia), great attention is paid to sleep apnea syndrome as a risk factor for somatic and psychopathological disorders in children. Highlight the current capabilities of complex instrumental diagnosis of sleep disorders with the use of highly effective methods of polysomnography and pulse oximetry. The actual dimensions as non-drug and drug treatment of sleep disorders in children, taking into account the pathogenetic features of their occurrence. From the standpoint of evidence-based medicine demonstrate efficient methods of herbal medicine, developed on the basis of traditional Chinese recipes, as well as modern nootropics and magnesium preparations. It is shown that sleep disorders in children not only lead to a deterioration of emotional mood, cognitive function, health and school performance, but also are associated with increasing risk of somatic disorders, which determines the need for timely diagnosis and comprehensive differentiated medical and psychological data correction of pathological conditions, taking into account the neurophysiological and biochemical mechanisms of their development, as well as polymorphism of clinical manifestations, in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment and quality of life of patients.  Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме современной педиатрии и неврологии ― комплексной диагностике и коррекции нарушений сна у детей. Подробно рассмотрены особенности клинических проявлений расстройств сна в детском возрасте (инсомний и парасомний), большое внимание уделено синдрому обструктивного апноэ сна как фактору риска развития соматических и психопатологических нарушений у детей. Освещены современные возможности комплексной инструментальной диагностики расстройств сна с применением высокоэффективных методов полисомнографии и пульсоксиметрии, а также актуальные аспекты как немедикаментозной, так и лекарственной терапии нарушений сна в детском возрасте с учетом патогенетических особенностей их возникновения. С позиций доказательной медицины продемонстрирована высокая эффективность способов фитотерапии, разработанных на основе традиционных китайских рецептов, а также современных ноотропных средств и препаратов магния. Показано, что расстройства сна у детей не только приводят к ухудшению эмоционального настроя, когнитивных функций, работоспособности и школьной успеваемости, но и сопряжены с нарастающим риском развития соматических нарушений, что определяет необходимость проведения своевременной диагностики и комплексной дифференцированной медико-психологической коррекции данных патологических состояний с учетом нейрофизиологических и биохимических механизмов их развития, а также полиморфизма клинических проявлений с целью повышения эффективности лечения и улучшения качества жизни пациентов.

60-year Anniversary of the International Law Commission

In the year of 2008 the 60th anniversary session of International Law Commission took place and the article is devoted to this subject. The author conducts a full-scale description of the history of the work of the International Law Commission highlighting major points of its activities and expressing his own opinions. For example, the author states that if the topic “independence of states” had been codified it could have been possible to avoid several international problems as in the case with the situation in Kosovo.Further on the author dwells on the subject of Soviet and later on Russian representatives participation in the work of International Law Commission.As for the anniversary meeting there were discussed 8 topics, which are enumerated and discussed in the article.Upon the whole the International Law Commission greatly contributed and continues to do so in the spheres of the law of the sea, international criminal law, law of the treaties and other spheres. In detail the author touches upon the role of International Law Commission in the development of international ecological law and the elaboration of the notion of “soft law”. The author also pays attention to the relations between International Law Commission and the International Court of justice and comes to the conclusion that their relations can be characterized as symbiosis.In the conclusion the author states that International Law Commission accomplishes very difficult but necessary work and expresses the opinion that there will be new achievements in the process of codification and the progressive development of the international law

Institutionalization of Human Rights’ Protection in ASEAN: Commentary to the Terms of Reference for the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)

ASEAN was founded on August 8, 1967. In November 2007, the heads of ASEAN member states took historic steps towards establishing an “ASEAN Community” when they convened in Singapore for the 13th ASEAN Summit. First and foremost, they signed the ASEAN Charter, which provides the organization with a formal legal personality and expands upon its values and institutional mechanisms. Article 14 of the ASEAN Charter provides that “[i]n conformity with the purposes and principles of the ASEAN Charter relating to the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, ASEAN shall establish an ASEAN human rights body” which «shall operate in accordance with the terms of reference to be determined by the ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting. The Terms of Reference for the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) has been adopted on 20th of July, 2009 at the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting. The next step in this long awaited process will be at the upcoming ASEAN 15th Summit, in October of this year, where ASEAN member states will appoint representatives to the body

New Generation of Human Rights: Somatic Rights

Scientific and technological progress, especially in the area of medicine, genetics, biology and chemistry gives a lot of possibilities and raises a lot problem to us. Now one can do euthanasia to himself or to his relatives, can choose the sex of his child, change his own sex. Many questions rise with the use of stem cells and with perspectives of cloning of the human being.So in theory of law now we can speak about new generation of human rights which contains: right to die; human rights concerning its organs and tissues; sexual human rights (to seek, receive and impart information concerning sexuality, sexual education, the choice of a partner, to decide that the man should be sexually active or not, to decide the issue of voluntary sexual relations, marriage, the issue of legalizing prostitution, trafficking in pornography products and regulation situation of sexual minorities); reproductive human rights (positive: in vitro fertilization and negative: abortion, sterilization, contraception); right to change sex; right to clone an organism as a whole and individual organs; right to use drugs and psychotropic substances. UN, UNESCO and Council of Europe create some legal instruments (conventions, declarations etc.) in sphere of regulation of somatic human rights. These instruments are analyzing in the article

Codificação do Direito Internacional: o fim da bela era? 10.5102/uri.v12i1.2586

Este Artigo discorre sobre o conceito de codificação do direito, e, mais precisamente, a do direito internacional, juntamente com a atividade da Comissão de Direito Internacional (CDI). Trata-se de um processo que se desenvolve com mais intensidade após a criação da CDI. A codificação tem um impacto positivo na efetividade do direito internacional. A CDI tem como função a codificação e desenvolvimento progressivo do direito internacional, dois conceitos esses que são intimamente interrelacionados. Por fim, o Artigo trata dos temas trabalhados pela CDI, assim como questões abordadas sobre as suas atividades e necessidade