48 research outputs found
Simulations of viscous shape relaxation in shuffled foam clusters
We simulate the shape relaxation of foam clusters and compare them with the
time exponential expected for Newtonian fluid. Using two-dimensional Potts
Model simulations, we artificially create holes in a foam cluster and shuffle
it by applying shear strain cycles. We reproduce the experimentally observed
time exponential relaxation of cavity shapes in the foam as a function of the
number of strain steps. The cavity rounding up results from local rearrangement
of bubbles, due to the conjunction of both a large applied strain and local
bubble wall fluctuations
The Metallicity of the Redshift 4.16 Quasar BR2248-1242
We estimate the metallicity in the broad emission-line region of the redshift
z=4.16 quasar, BR2248-1242, by comparing line ratios involving nitrogen to
theoretical predictions. BR2248-1242 has unusually narrow emission lines with
large equivalent widths, thus providing a rare opportunity to measure several
line-ratio abundance diagnostics. The combined diagnostics indicate a
metallicity of ~2 times solar. This result suggests that an episode of vigorous
star formation occurred near BR2248-1242 prior to the observed z=4.16 epoch.
The time available for this enrichment episode is only ~1.5 Gyr at z=4.16 (for
H_{0}=65 km s^-1 Mpc^-1, Omega_{m}=0.3 and Omega_Lambda ~< 1). This evidence
for high metallicities and rapid star formation is consistent with the expected
early-epoch evolution of dense galactic nuclei.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Prepared in AAStex. Submitted to the
Astrophysical Journal Revised version: added 1 referenc
Stellar Iron Abundances: non-LTE Effects
We report new statistical equilibrium calculations for Fe I and Fe II in the
atmosphere of Late-Type stars. We used atomic models for Fe I and Fe II having
respectively 256 and 190 levels, as well as 2117 and 3443 radiative
transitions. Photoionization cross-sections are from the Iron Project. These
atomic models were used to investigate non-LTE effects in iron abundances of
Late-Type stars with different atmospheric parameters.
We found that most Fe I lines in metal-poor stars are formed in conditions
far from LTE. We derived metallicity corrections of about 0.3 dex with respect
to LTE values, for the case of stars with [Fe/H] ~ -3.0. Fe II is found not to
be affected by significant non-LTE effects. The main non-LTE effect invoked in
the case of Fe I is overionization by ultraviolet radiation, thus classical
ionization equilibrium is far to be satisfied. An important consequence is that
surface gravities derived by LTE analysis are in error and should be corrected
before final abundances corrections.
This apparently solves the observed discrepancy between spectroscopic surface
gravities derived by LTE analyses and those derived from Hipparcos parallaxes.
A table of non-LTE [Fe/H] and log g values for a sample of metal-poor late-type
stars is given.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, ApJ style, accepte
Retrieval behavior and thermodynamic properties of symmetrically diluted Q-Ising neural networks
The retrieval behavior and thermodynamic properties of symmetrically diluted
Q-Ising neural networks are derived and studied in replica-symmetric mean-field
theory generalizing earlier works on either the fully connected or the
symmetrical extremely diluted network. Capacity-gain parameter phase diagrams
are obtained for the Q=3, Q=4 and state networks with uniformly
distributed patterns of low activity in order to search for the effects of a
gradual dilution of the synapses. It is shown that enlarged regions of
continuous changeover into a region of optimal performance are obtained for
finite stochastic noise and small but finite connectivity. The de
Almeida-Thouless lines of stability are obtained for arbitrary connectivity,
and the resulting phase diagrams are used to draw conclusions on the behavior
of symmetrically diluted networks with other pattern distributions of either
high or low activity.Comment: 21 pages, revte
Stellar populations of bulges at low redshift
This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the stellar population
properties of bulges and outlines important future research directions.Comment: Review article to appear in "Galactic Bulges", Editors: Laurikainen
E., Peletier R., Gadotti D., Springer Publishing. 34 pages, 12 figure
The O-Na and Mg-Al Anticorrelations in Turn-Off and early Subgiants in Globular Clusters
High dispersion spectra (R>40,000) for a quite large number of stars at the
main sequence turn-off and at the base of the subgiant branch in NGC6397 and
NGC6752 were obtained with the UVES on Kueyen (VLT UT2). The [Fe/H] values we
found are -2.03+/-0.02+/-0.04 and -1.42+/-0.02+/-0.04 for NGC6397 and NGC6752
respectively, where the first error bars refer to internal errors and the
second ones to systematic errors. In both clusters the [Fe/H] obtained for
TO-stars agree perfectly (within a few per cents) with that obtained for stars
at the base of the RGB. The [O/Fe]=0.21+/-0.05 value we obtain for NGC6397 is
quite low, but it agrees with previous results obtained for giants in this
cluster; also, the star-to-star scatter in both O and Fe is very small,
indicating that this small mass cluster is chemically very homogenous. On the
other side, our results show clearly and for the first time that the O-Na
anticorrelation (up to now seen only for stars on the red giant branches of
globular clusters) is present among unevolved stars in the globular cluster
NGC6752, a more massive cluster than NGC6397. A similar anticorrelation is
present also for Mg and Al, and C and N. It is very difficult to explain the
observed Na-O, and Mg-Al anticorrelation in NGC6752 stars by a deep mixing
scenario; we think it requires some non internal mechanism.Comment: 20 pages, A&A Latex, including 7 .ps figures, tex-macro aa.cls, uses
psfig.tex. submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysic
Probing galaxy evolution through the internal colour gradients, the Kormendy relations and the Photometric Plane of cluster galaxies at z~0.2
We present a detailed analysis of the photometric properties of galaxies in
the cluster \A2163B at redshift z~0.2. R-, I- and K-band structural parameters,
(half light radius r_e, mean surface brightness _e within r_e and Sersic
index n) are derived for N~60 galaxies, and are used to study their internal
colour gradients. For the first time, we use the slopes of optical-NIR Kormendy
relations to study colour gradients as a function of galaxy size, and we derive
the Photometric Plane at z~0.2 in the K band. Colour gradients are negligible
at optical wavelengths, and are negative in the optical-NIR, implying a
metallicity gradient in galaxies of ~0.2 dex per radial decade. The analysis of
the Kormendy relation suggests that its slope increases from the optical to the
NIR, implying that colour gradients do not vary or even do become less steep in
more massive galaxies. Such a result is not simply accomodated within a
monolithic collapse scenario, while it can be well understood within a
hierarchical merging framework. Finally, we derive the first NIR Photometric
Plane at z~0.2, accounting for both the correlations on the measurement
uncertainties and the selection effects. The Photometric Plane at z~0.2 is
consistent with that at z~0, with an intrinsic scatter significantly smaller
than the Kormendy relation but larger than the Fundamental Plane.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, A&A in pres
Stellar Populations of Bulges in 14 Cluster Disc Galaxies
‘The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.’ Copyright Blackwell Publishing / RAS. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13566.xPeer reviewe