On entropy, specific heat, susceptibility and Rushbrooke inequality in percolation

We investigate percolation, a probabilistic model for continuous phase transition (CPT), on square and weighted planar stochastic lattices. In its thermal counterpart, entropy is minimally low where order parameter (OP) is maximally high and vice versa. Besides, specific heat, OP and susceptibility exhibit power-law when approaching the critical point and the corresponding critical exponents $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ respectably obey the Rushbrooke inequality (RI) $\alpha+2\beta+\gamma\geq 2$. Their analogues in percolation, however, remain elusive. We define entropy, specific heat and redefine susceptibility for percolation and show that they behave exactly in the same way as their thermal counterpart. We also show that RI holds for both the lattices albeit they belong to different universality classes.Comment: 5 pages, 3 captioned figures, to appear as a Rapid Communication in Physical Review E, 201

An FPGA-based divider circuit using simulated annealing algorithm

Division is considered as the slowest and most difficult operation among four basic operations in microprocessors. This paper proposes a unique division algorithm using a new approach of simulated annealing algorithm. A heuristic function is proposed to determine the global and local optimum value, whereas the conventional approaches use random values to reach the target value. In addition, a new temperature schedule is introduced for faster computation of global maxima/minima. The proposed simulated annealing performs better than the best known existing method of simulated annealing algorithm for smooth energy landscape due to the introduction of a new goal-based temperature. Thus, the proposed division algorithm computes the current partial remainder and quotient bits simultaneously per iteration which reduces the delay of the proposed divider circuit significantly. Moreover, the proposed divider circuit requires only two operations per iteration, whereas the exiting best one requires three operations per iteration. The proposed divider circuit is coded in VHDL and implemented in a Virtex-6 platform targeting XC6VLX75T Xilinx FPGA with a -3 speed grade by using ISE 13.1. The proposed divider circuit achieves an improvement of 36.17% and 44.67% respectively in terms of LUTs and delay factor for a 256 by 128 bit division over the best known contemporary FPGA-based divider circuit. It can be used into the designs of arithmetic logic unit, image processing and robotics system. The experimental result indicates that the divider takes fewer resources, and its performance is steady and reliable

Effect of pulsed power on particle matter in diesel engine exhaust using a DBD plasma reactor

Nonthermal plasma (NTP) treatment of exhaust gas is a promising technology for both nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM) reduction by introducing plasma into the exhaust gases. This paper considers the effect of NTP on PM mass reduction, PM size distribution, and PM removal efficiency. The experiments are performed on real exhaust gases from a diesel engine. The NTP is generated by applying high-voltage pulses using a pulsed power supply across a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The effects of the applied high-voltage pulses up to 19.44 kVpp with repetition rate of 10 kHz are investigated. In this paper, it is shown that the PM removal and PM size distribution need to be considered both together, as it is possible to achieve high PM removal efficiency with undesirable increase in the number of small particles. Regarding these two important factors, in this paper, 17 kVpp voltage level is determined to be an optimum point for the given configuration. Moreover, particles deposition on the surface of the DBD reactor is found to be a significant phenomenon, which should be considered in all plasma PM removal tests

Penerapan Model Quantum Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 178 Pekanbaru

The problem of this research is teacher learning process have been used conventional method, less in student involving process, the teacher often uses speaking method, learning came from teacher or source only, learning process didn't focus and relate to student experiences, learning passively therefore no meaningful in learning process, less of student understood then causes low on student learning result. According to the problem above is required to solve the problem with related methods with student experiences in daily activities, in order to make the meaningful learning. Quantum Teaching Model gives the student opportunity to develop their potencies by using TANDUR frame that can increase learning result of fifth grader student SDN 178 Pekanbaru. The subject of this research is fifth graders student of SDN 178 Pekanbaru 2014 / 2015 within amount 42 students. This research had been done in two cycles. First cycle is done in twice meetings with once cycle of post test. Collecting data instrument of this research was student observation sheets, teacher observation sheets, and cycle of final post test. This research is in Class Activities Research. This research is aim to increase mathematic learning result of fifth graders student SDN 178 Pekanbaru. The result of this research show that Quantum Teaching Model can enhance student learning result of mathematic, improving learning result can be seen with initial data of learning result average was 63,90 and first cycle was 66,86 increased with 2,96 (4,63%) margin. Meanwhile, student learning result on cycle II in average 77,05 increased with 10,19 (15,24%) margin. First cycle of post test that achieved KKM increase 28,58 (80,03%) from 35,71% became 64,29%. On second cycle of KKM achieved student was 85,71% increase 24,42 (33,32%). It means that Quantum Teaching Model can increases learning result of mathematic of fifth graders SDN 178 Pekanbaru

Sampling Triples from Restricted Networks Using MCMC Strategy

In large networks, the connected triples are useful for solving various tasks including link prediction, community detection, and spam filtering. Existing works in this direction concern mostly with the exact or approximate counting of connected triples that are closed (aka, triangles). Evidently, the task of triple sampling has not been explored in depth, although sampling is a more fundamental task than counting, and the former is useful for solving various other tasks, including counting. In recent years, some works on triple sampling have been proposed that are based on direct sampling, solely for the purpose of triangle count approximation. They sample only from a uniform distribution, and are not effective for sampling triples from an arbitrary user-defined distribution. In this work we present two indirect triple sampling methods that are based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling strategy. Both of the above methods are highly efficient compared to a direct sampling-based method, specifically for the task of sampling from a non-uniform probability distribution. Another significant advantage of the proposed methods is that they can sample triples from networks that have restricted access, on which a direct sampling based method is simply not applicable

Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis CaO yang Diimpregnasi dengan Limbah Serbuk Besi

Off-grade oil is a raw material for biodiesel that has ALB levels> 2% so that the production of biodiesel made by two stage reaction, the esterification and transesterification. In general, biodiesel is produced using homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts can be replaced by a heterogeneous catalyst. CaO catalyst has a high alkalinity but has shortcomings in the process of separation of the reaction products. Waste iron powder can be used as a support and to provide a catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 metal forming properties. This study aims to create a catalyst that has a high alkalinity and metallic, and study the performance of the catalyst in the transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade. Esterification process were reacted at 60°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:12 and 1% H2SO4 catalyst -b. The esterification reaction can reduce levels of ALB from 12.47% to 0.36%. Transesterification is done by varying the mole ratio of oil: methanol in a row is 1: 6, 1: 8 and 1:10, the amount of catalyst modification 1% -b, -b 2%, 3% -b, a reaction temperature of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and the reaction time 2 hours. Processing data using Response Surface Area (RSM), the amount of attack using Central Composite Design (CCD). The resulting yield ranging from 23.19% to 52.34%. The highest yield obtained at 70°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:10 and the amount of catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 1%-b. Biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point are in accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel. The most significant process conditions to yield biodiesel is the ratio of the mole ratio of oil: methanol and the amount of catalyst

Seasonal investigation of heavy metals in marine fishes captured from the Bay of Bengal and the implications for human health risk assessment

To investigate the seasonal contamination levels and to evaluate the potential human health risks, ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) were measured in ten different marine fish species from the Bay of Bengal during four seasons. The metal concentrations varied significantly (p 10) due to exposure to arsenic indicated that consumers remain at risk of cancer