88 research outputs found
Tecnologies de la llengua i les seves aplicacions
[Resumo] A investigación en Lingüística Computacional e Procesamento da Lenguaje Natural deu
lugar estes últimos anos ás denominadas Tecnoloxías da Linguaxe, cuxo obxectivo
principal é o desenvolvemento de sistemas informáticos capaces de recoñeceren,
comprenderen e xeraren linguaxe humana en todas as súas formas. Con esta finalidade,
desenvolveuse unha serie de aplicacións, como a Tradución Automática, a Extracción e
Recuperación da Información, a Clasificación de Documentos etc., que procesan a
información para facilitaren o acceso, organización e transmisión do coñecemento que xera
a chamada Sociedade da Información en que vivimos.
Como noutras disciplinas científicas, na área da Lingüística Computacional e do
Procesamento da Linguaxe Natural pasouse dunha etapa inicial centrada na investigación
básica de carácter experimental a outra en que se interaxe máis coa sociedade e, por tanto,
máis interesada na creación de produtos e aplicacións que resolvan problemas reais. Isto
significa desenvolver sistemas e recursos capaces de analizaren a linguaxe sen restricións,
isto é, que ofrezan unha ampla cobertura lingüística.
Neste artigo preséntase de xeito introdutorio os recursos (lingüísticos) e as aplicacións máis
características que se desenvolven actualmente no marco das Tecnoloxías da Linguaxe. En
concreto, salientaremos dos recursos necesarios os analizadores e desambiguadores
morfolóxicos e sintácticos, os lexicóns computacionais e os corpus lingüísticos,
nomeadamente os etiquetados. Canto ás aplicacións, centrarémonos básicamente na
Recuperación e Extracción da Información e na Tradución Automática.[Abstract] In the last years, research on Computational Linguistics and Natural Language
Processing has led to Language Technologies, whose main goal is to develop computer
systems capable to recognize, understand and generate human languages in all their
forms. For this purpose, several applications have been developed, such as Machine Translation, Information Retrieval and Information Extraction or Document
Classification. These applications process the language in order to ease access to
knowledge, its organization or its transmission, activities needed by our Information
Society.
As in other disciplines, Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing have
gone from a first period of basic, experimental research to another in which new products
and real applications have to be created, in order to solve interaction problems. This means
that we need to develop systems and resources capable to deal with unrestricted language,
that is, broad-coverage systems and resources. This paper presents an introduction to
linguistics resources as well as the main applications being developed nowadays in the
Language Technologies framework. More concretely, it emphasizes morphological
analyzers, taggers, syntactic parsers, computational lexicons and linguistic annotated
corpora. As for applications, stress is laid on Information Retrieval, Information Extraction
and Machine Translation
Clustering analysis strategies for electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).
In this work, the use of cluster analysis algorithms, widely applied in the field of big data, is proposed to explore and analyse electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) data sets. Three different data clustering approaches have been tested both with simulated and experimental data from Fe3O4/Mn3O4 core/shell nanoparticles. The first method consists on applying data clustering directly to the acquired spectra. A second approach is to analyse spectral variance with principal component analysis (PCA) within a given data cluster. Lastly, data clustering on PCA score maps is discussed. The advantages and requirements of each approach are studied. Results demonstrate how clustering is able to recover compositional and oxidation state information from EELS data with minimal user input, giving great prospects for its usage in EEL spectroscopy
Tailoring the Transport Properties of Mesoporous Doped Cerium Oxide for Energy Applications
Hard-template nanocasted mesoporous cerium oxide possesses a unique combination of thermal stability, high surface area, and short diffusion lengths for mass and gas transport, which makes it relevant for high-temperature catalysis, sensing, and electrochemical applications. Here, we present an in-depth study of a number of mesoporous doped ceria systems, and we assess their fundamental structure and functionalities by complementary transmission electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy, electron tomography reconstructions, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We employed surface chemical modifications for increasing the ionic conductivity of as-synthesized mesoporous Gd-doped ceria by 2 orders of magnitude, enabling the ionic pathway across mesoporous particles. Complementary bulk doping strategies (by the addition of Pr) result in the easy tuning of the electrical transport mechanisms converting pure ionic mesoporous ceria into a mixed ionic-electronic conductor. The results obtained here are rationalized in light of local charge accumulation and mobility effects, providing a potential tool for engineering transport properties in nanocasted ceria and similar nanostructured materials for use in energy applications in the form of functional composites, infiltrated structures, or catalytic layers
Activism and Legitimation in Israel's Jurisprudence of Occupation
Colonial law need not exclude the colonized in order to subordinate them, and ‘activist’ courts can advance the effect of subordination no less than ‘passive’ courts. As a case study, this article examines the jurisprudential legacy of the Israeli Supreme Court in the context of the prolonged Israeli occupation of Palestine. Applying insights from legal realist, law and society, and critical legal studies scholarship, the article questions the utility of using the activist and passive labels. It illustrates how the Israeli activist court, through multiple legal and discursive moves, has advanced and legitimated the colonization of Palestine; that the court is aware of its role; and that arguments that focus on the court’s informal role do not mitigate this legitimating effect. Unlike other scholars, the article shows that the Israeli court’s role—by extending the power of judicial review to the military’s actions in the occupied areas—is neither novel nor unique or benevolent, as the British colonization of India and the US colonization of Puerto Rico show
High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses
High-throughput sequencing studies generate vast amounts of taxonomic data. Evolutionary ecological hypotheses of the recovered taxa and Species Hypotheses are difficult to test due to problems with alignments and the lack of a phylogenetic backbone. We propose an updated phylum-and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the main taxonomic ranks are more informative. Based on phylogenies and divergence time estimates, we adopt phylum rank to Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Glomeromycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota and Olpidiomycota. We accept nine subkingdoms to accommodate these 18 phyla. We consider the kingdom Nucleariae (phyla Nuclearida and Fonticulida) as a sister group to the Fungi. We also introduce a perl script and a newick-formatted classification backbone for assigning Species Hypotheses into a hierarchical taxonomic framework, using this or any other classification system. We provide an example of testing evolutionary ecological hypotheses based on a global soil fungal data set.Peer reviewe
- …