40 research outputs found
The Aspherical Properties of the Energetic Type Ic SN 2002ap as Inferred from its Nebular Spectra
The nebular spectra of the broad-lined, SN 1998bw-like Type Ic SN 2002ap are
studied by means of synthetic spectra. Two different modelling techniques are
employed. In one technique, the SN ejecta are treated as a single zone, while
in the other a density and abundance distribution in velocity is used from an
explosion model. In both cases, heating caused by gamma-ray and positron
deposition is computed (in the latter case using a Monte Carlo technique to
describe the propagation of gamma-rays and positrons), as is cooling via
forbidden-line emission. The results are compared, and although general
agreement is found, the stratified models are shown to reproduce the observed
line profiles much more accurately than the single-zone model. The explosion
produced ~ 0.1 Msun of 56Ni. The distribution in velocity of the various
elements is in agreement with that obtained from the early-time models, which
indicated an ejected mass of ~ 2.5 Msun with a kinetic energy of 4 x 10^{51}
erg. Nebular spectroscopy confirms that most of the ejected mass (~ 1.2 Msun)
was oxygen. The presence of an oxygen-rich inner core, combined with that of
56Ni at high velocities as deduced from early-time models, suggests that the
explosion was asymmetric, especially in the inner part.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, 2 Tables. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journa
The Galactic evolution of phosphorus
As a galaxy evolves, its chemical composition changes and the abundance
ratios of different elements are powerful probes of the underlying evolutionary
processes. Phosphorous is an element whose evolution has remained quite elusive
until now, because it is difficult to detect in cool stars. The infrared weak P
I lines of the multiplet 1, at 1050-1082 nm, are the most reliable indicators
of the presence of phosphorus. The availability of CRIRES at VLT has permitted
access to this wavelength range in stellar spectra.We attempt to measure the
phosphorus abundance of twenty cool stars in the Galactic disk. The spectra are
analysed with one-dimensional model-atmospheres computed in Local Thermodynamic
Equilibrium (LTE). The line formation computations are performed assuming LTE.
The ratio of phosphorus to iron behaves similarly to sulphur, increasing
towards lower metallicity stars. Its ratio with respect to sulphur is roughly
constant and slightly larger than solar, [P/S]=0.10+- 0.10. We succeed in
taking an important step towards the understanding of the chemical evolution of
phosphorus in the Galaxy. However, the observed rise in the P/Fe abundance
ratio is steeper than predicted by Galactic chemical evolution model model
developed by Kobayashi and collaborators. Phosphorus appears to evolve
differently from the light odd-Z elements sodium and aluminium. The constant
value of [P/S] with metallicity implies that P production is insensitive to the
neutron excess, thus processes other than neutron captures operate. We suggest
that proton captures on 30Si and alpha captures on $27Al are possibilities to
investigate. We see no clear distinction between our results for stars with
planets and stars without any detected planet.Comment: To be published on A&
A low upper-limit on the lithium isotope ratio in HD140283
We have obtained a high-S/N (900-1100), high-resolving-power (R=95000)
spectrum of the metal-poor subgiant HD 140283 in an effort to measure its
6Li/7Li isotope ratio. From a 1-D atmospheric analysis, we find a value
consistent with zero, 6Li/7Li = 0.001, with an upper limit of 6Li/7Li < 0.026.
This measurement supersedes an earlier detection (0.040 +/- 0.015(1sigma)) by
one of the authors. HD 140283 provides no support for the suggestion that
Population II stars may preserve their 6Li on the portion of the subgiant
branch where 7Li is preserved. However, this star does not defeat the
suggestion either; being at the cool end of subgiant branch of the Spite
plateau, it may be sufficiently cool that 6Li depletion has already set in, or
the star may be sufficiently metal poor that little Galactic production of 6Li
had occurred. Continued investigation of other subgiants is necessary to test
the idea. We also consider the implications of the HD 140283 upper limit in
conjunction with other measurements for models of 6Li production by cosmic rays
from supernovae and structure formation shocks.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysic
C, S, Zn and Cu abundances in planet-harbouring stars
We present a detailed and uniform study of C, S, Zn and Cu abundances in a
large set of planet host stars, as well as in a homogeneous comparison sample
of solar-type dwarfs with no known planetary-mass companions. Carbon abundances
were derived by {EW} measurement of two C I optical lines, while spectral
syntheses were performed for S, Zn and Cu. We investigated possible differences
in the behaviours of the volatiles C, S and Zn and in the refractory Cu in
targets with and without known planets in order to check possible anomalies due
to the presence of planets. We found that the abundance distributions in stars
with exoplanets are the high [Fe/H] extensions of the trends traced by the
comparison sample. All volatile elements we studied show [X/Fe] trends
decreasing with [Fe/H] in the metallicity range -0.8<[Fe/H]<0.5, with
significantly negative slopes of -0.39+-0.04 and -0.35+-0.04 for C and S,
respectively. A comparison of our abundances with those available in the
literature shows good agreement in most cases.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Abundances and search for vertical stratification in the atmospheres of four HgMn stars
Using high resolution, high-S/N archival UVES spectra, we have performed a
detailed spectroscopic analysis of 4 chemically peculiar HgMn stars (HD 71066,
HD 175640, HD 178065 and HD 221507). Using spectrum synthesis, mean
photospheric chemical abundances are derived for 22 ions of 16 elements. We
find good agreement between our derived abundances and those published
previously by other authors. For the 5 elements that present a sufficient
number of suitable lines, we have attempted to detect vertical chemical
stratification by analyzing the dependence of derived abundance as a function
of optical depth. For most elements and most stars we find no evidence of
chemical stratification with typical 3\sigma upper limits of \Delta\log
N_elem/N_tot~0.1-0.2 dex per unit optical depth. However, for Mn in the
atmosphere of HD 178065 we find convincing evidence of stratification. Modeling
of the line profiles using a two-step model for the abundance of Mn yields a
local abundance varying approximately linearly by ~0.7 dex through the optical
depth range log \tau_5000=-3.6 to -2.8.Comment: 11 figures, 9 tables, table 6-9 (online material), accepted by MNRA