Relationship between demographic and environmental factors and knowledge of secondary school students on natural disasters

The subject of quantitative research is to examine the connection between demographic (gender, age) and environmental factors (family, school and media) and knowledge and perceptions of students about natural disasters. Bearing in mind the orientation of the research design on determination of character and strength of relationships of demographic and environmental factors with the knowledge and perceptions of students about natural disasters, research has explicative goal. The authors use the method of interviewing high school students to identify demographic and environmental factors associated with the knowledge and perceptions of students about natural disasters. The study included 3,063 students of secondary schools in the city of Belgrade. Results suggest the existence of links between gender, success achieved in school and education of parents and the knowledge of students about natural disasters. The results also indicate that the education of students at school and within family does not affect the knowledge, but affects their perception on natural disasters. Bearing in mind the geographical space of Serbia, the study is based only on the Belgrade region, so the findings can be generalized only to the population of students in this area. Research findings indicate potential ways to influence students to raise level of knowledge about natural disasters to a higher level. Given the evident lack of education about natural disasters in Serbia, the study results can be used for policies of educational programs, which would contribute to improving the safety of youth culture

Preoperative identification and quantification of parameters for predicting technically complicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoskopska holecistektomija(LC) je najĉešća endoskopska operativna procedura u svakodnevnom hirurškom radu i zlatni standard u lijeĉenju simptomatske holelitijaze zbog manje operativne traume, manjeg operativnog reza i problema vezanih za zarastanje operativne rane, manjeg postoperativnog morbiditeta i postoperativnog bola, kraće hospitalizacije i odsustvovanja sa posla, manjih troškova lijeĉenja i neuporedivo boljeg estetskog efekta . Danas se u razvijenim i bogatim zemljama više od 90% bolesnika sa kalkulozom ţuĉne kese operiše laparoskopskim putem. Bezbjednost LC je usko povezana sa iskustvom hirurga i makroskopskim izgledom ţuĉne kese. Sa sticanjem iskustva i prevazilaţenjem krivulje uĉenja, selekcija kriterijuma za LC kod laparoskopskih hirurga je sve liberalnija pa laparoskopski hirurzi nailaze na brojne probleme koji oteţavaju bezbjedno izvodjenje operacije. Apsolutne kontraindikacije su bolesnici sa teţim poremećajem koagulacije, karcinom ţuĉne kese i bolesnici koji ne tolerišu opštu anesteziju. Većina ranije opisanih kontraindikacija, kao što su morbidna gojaznost, prethodne operacije u gornjem abdomenu i akutni holecistitis su danas faktori rizika za konverziju u referentnim centrima za endoskospku hirurgiju a relativna kontraindikacija u nereferentnim ustanovama za laparoskopsku hirurgiju i hirurzima u fazi uĉenja. Kao relativnu kontraindikaciju za LC treba smatrati i nedovoljno iskustvo laparoskopskog hirurga, nepostojanje uslova za rješavanje intraoperativnih komplikacija i postojanje prediktivnih faktora koji ukazuju da će LC biti komplikovana sa većom uĉestalošću intraoperativnih komplikacija. U nereferentnim ustanovama za laparoskopsku hirurgiju i manjim regionalnim bolnicama sekundarna prevencija biliovaskularnih povreda je suština operativnog rada zbog ĉesto diskutabilnog naĉina zbrinjavanja nastalih povreda...Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is most common endoscopic surgical procedure in everyday surgical work and golden standard in medical treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis. This is due to smaller surgical trauma, smaller surgical incision and less issues connected to the healing of the incision, decreased postoperative mortality and pain, shorter hospitalisation and sick leave, smaller costs of the medical treatment and more incomparably better estetical effects. Presently in developed and rich countries, more than 90% of the patients with cholelithiasis are operated in laparoscopic surgery. Safety of LC is close connected with the experience of the surgeon and macroscopic look of the gallbladder(GB). With gain of the experience and overcoming of the locus of learning, selection of the criteria for LC in the case of the laparoscopic sergeant is becoming more liberal – therefore laparoscopic sergeants encounter numerous issues which make difficult for laparoscopic surgeon to safely perform the surgery. Absolute contraindications are the patients with serious disorder of coagulation, GB carcinoma and the patients who are intolerant to general anesthesia. Most of the previously described contraindications, such as morbid obesity, previous surgeries in upper abdomen and acute cholecystitis which are the risk factors for conversion in referential centers for endoscopic surgeries and relative contraindication in non-referential centers for laparoscopic surgery and for surgeons in a learning phase. As relative contraindications for LC should be taken into account insufficient experience of laparoscopic surgeon, non-existence of the conditions for solution of intraoperative complications and existence of predicative factors which indicate that LC will be complicated with higher occurrences of intraoperative complications. In non-referential centers for laparoscopic surgeries and smaller regional hospitals, secondary prevention of injury of biliary and vascular structures is the essence of the surgical work due to often questionable medical care of the incurred injuries..

Evaluación de la inuencia del ciclo vital en la producción de los productos de carne de cerdo sobre el medio ambiente

The objective of this paper was to assess the environmental performance of the production of pork products in Serbia. Life cycle assessment calculations have been performed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts from a cradle-to-grave perspective covering four subsystems: ‘pig housing farm’, ‘slaughterhouse’, ‘meat processing plant’ and ‘waste and waste water treatment’. Structured survey has been conducted in order to collect life cycle inventory input data. Six environmental impact potentials were calculated in this study: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog and human toxicity. The global warming potential associated with the production of 1 kg of pork products is 9.04 kg CO2eq. Acidification potential within the pork meat chain is 9.874 x 10-3 kg SO2eq while the eutrophication potential is 0.0151 kg PO4eq. The largest contributor to the environmental profile of meat production within the pork meat chain is the production of feed and manure management. Contributions of the processing plants are mainly due to water and energy requirement and use of refrigerants in the cold chain.Cilj je ovog rada bio procijeniti utjecaj proizvodnje proizvoda od svinjetine u Srbiji na okoliš. Izračuni za procjenu životnog ciklusa provedeni su kako bi identi.cirali i kvanti.cirali utjecaj na okoliš po načelu „od kolijevke do groba“, koji obuhvaća četiri podsustava: ‘farmu za uzgoj svinja’, ‘klaonicu’, pogone za preradu mesa’ i ‘pogon za zbrinjavanje otpada i otpadnih voda’. U cilju prikupljanja ulaznih podataka inventara životnog ciklusa provedeno je strukturirano istraživanje. Navedenim smo istraživanjem procijenili šest potencijalnih utjecaja na okoliš: potencijal globalnog zatopljenja, potencijal akiseljavanja, potencijal eutro.kacije, potencijal razaranja ozona, potencijal stvaranja fotokemijskog smoga i toksičnost za čovjeka. Potencijal globalnog zatopljenja povezan s proizvodnjom 1 kg proizvoda od svinjetine iznosi 9,04 kg CO2Eq. Potencijal zakiseljavanja unutar lanca svinjskog mesa iznosi 9,874 x 10-3 kg SO2Eq, a potencijal eutro.kacije 0,0151 kg PO4Eq. Na okoliš u lancu svinjskog mesa tijekom proizvodnje najviše utječu proizvodnja stočne hrane i upravljanje gnojivom. Utjecaj pogona za preradu uglavnom se odnosi na zahtjeve za vodu i energiju te uporabu rashladnih sustava u hladnom lancu.Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Ein!uss der Herstellung von Schweine!eischprodukten in Serbien auf die Umwelt zu bewerten. Berechungen für die Bewertung des Lebenszyklus wurden vorgenommen, um die Umweltein!üsse zu identi.zieren und quanti.zieren, nach dem Grundsatz „von der Wiege bis zum Grabe“, der vier Teilsysteme umfasst: ‘Schweinezuchtbetrieb’, ‘Schlachtbetrieb’, ‘Fleischverarbeitungsbetrieb’ und ‘Abfall- und Abwasserentsorgungsbetrieb’. Um Eingangsdaten über das Lebenszyklusinventar zu sammeln, wurde eine strukturierte Untersuchung durchgeführt. In der genannten Untersuchung haben wir sechs potentielle Umweltein!üsse ausgewertet: Potential der globalen Erwärmung, Potential der Versauerung, Potential der Eutrophierung, Potential der Ozonzerstörung, Potential der Entstehung von Sommersmog und Toxizität für den Menschen. Das Potential der globalen Erwärmung, das mit der Herstellung von 1 kg Schweine!eischprodukten verbunden ist, beträgt 9,04 kg CO2Eq. Das Potential der Versauerung innerhalb der Schweine!eischkette beläuft sich auf 9,874 x 10-3 kg SO2Eq und das Potential der Eutrophierung auf 0,0151 kg PO4Eq. Der größte Ein!uss in der Fleischkette während der Herstellung haben die Produktion von Viehfutter und die Verwaltung von Düngemitteln. Die Auswirkung des Verarbeitungsbetriebs bezieht sich größtenteils auf die Wasser- und Energieanforderungen und den Einsatz von Kühlmitteln in der Kühlkette.Obiettivo di questo studio č quello di valutare l’incidenza della produzione dei prodotti di carne suina sull’ambiente in Serbia. I rilevamenti per la valutazione del ciclo vitale sono stati eseguiti ai .ni dell’identi.cazione e della quanti.cazione dell’incidenza sull’ambiente in base al principio “dalla culla alla tomba”, comprendente quattro sottosistemi: “impianto d’allevamento di suini”, “macello/mattatoio”, “impianto di lavorazione delle carni” e “impianto per lo smaltimento dei ri.uti e delle acque reue”. Ai .ni della raccolta dei dati d’ingresso dell’inventario del ciclo vitale animale, č stata eseguita una ricerca strutturata. Mediante detta ricerca, abbiamo valutato sei potenziali fattori d’incidenza sull’ambiente: il potenziale di riscaldamento globale, il potenziale di acidi.cazione, il potenziale di eutro.zzazione, il potenziale di degrado dell’ozono, il potenziale di creazione dello smog fotochimico e di tossicitŕ per l’uomo. Il potenziale di riscaldamento globale legato alla produzione di 1 kg di prodotti di carne suina č pari a 9,04 kg CO2Eq. Il potenziale di acidicazione nell’ambito della catena di produzione della carne suina č pari a 9,874 x 10-3 kg SO2Eq, mentre il potenziale di eutro.zzazione čpari a 0,0151 kg PO4Eq. Sull’ambiente, nel nell’ambito della catena della carne suina, nel corso della produzione, incidono maggiormente la produzione del mangime e la gestione del concime. L’incidenza dell’impianto di lavorazione delle carni si riferisce in prevalenza alle esigenze di acqua ed energia e all’uso di sistemi di ra#reddamento nella catena del freddo.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la inuencia de la producción de los productos de carne de cerdo en Serbia sobre el medio ambiente. Los cálculos para evaluar el ciclo vital fueron hechos para identi.car y cuanti.car la inuencia sobre el medio ambiente según el principio ‘’de la cuna a la tumba’’, el cual incluye cuatro subsistemas: ‘la planta para crianza de cerdos’, ‘el matadero’, la planta para el procesamiento de carne’ y ‘la planta para deposito de residuos y aguas residuales’. Fue hecha una investigación estructurada el .n de recoger los datos de entrada del inventario del ciclo vital fue hecha una. Con la investigación mencionada evaluamos seis potenciales impactos sobre el medio ambiente: el potencial de calentamiento global, el potencial de acidi.cación, el potencial de eutro.zación, el potencial de destrucción de la capa de ozono, el potencial de formación de esmog fotoquímico y toxicidad para los seres humanos. El potencial de calentamiento global conectado con la producción de 1 kg del producto de carne de cerdo es 9,04 kg CO2Eq. El potencial de acidi.cación dentro de la cadena de carne de cerdo es 9,874 x 10-3 kg SO2Eq y el potencial de eutro.zación es 0,0151 kg PO4Eq. Dentro de la cadena de carne de cerdo los que más inuyen sobre el medio ambiente son la producción del pienso y la gestión del estiércol. La inuencia de la planta para el procesamiento de carne se re.ere principalmente a la demanda de agua y energía, y el uso de los sistemas de enfriamiento en la cadena de frío

Osobine i sastav trupa junadi domaće šarene rase različitih težina pred klanje

Objective of this research was to determine the slaughter properties and carcass composition of carcass sides derived from young cattle of Domestic Spotted breed, of pre-slaughter weights of 500 (group A) and 600 kg (group B). Heavier cattle had higher share of kidney fat in carcass, whereas the share of offals showed no significant differences. Statistically significant difference was registered only in share of toungue (P lt 0.05), that was higher in cattle of group A. Share of extra/premium (tenderloin), I category (round) and II category (loin, back, shoulder) showed no significant differences between groups of cattle. Statistically significant difference (P lt 0.05) was established in the share of III category carcass parts. Share of forearm and chest was significantly higher in lighter cattle (3.55% and 7.95%) compared to heavier animals (2.89% and 6.33%), whereas the share of subshoulder was considerably lower in group A (6.89%) compared to cattle of group B (9.73%). Data obtained by dissection of main carcass side parts differed significantly in regard to the share of muscle tissue in round and belly, that was significantly higher in cattle of group A (P lt 0.05). Share of fat tissue (subcutaneous and intermuscular) was higher in cattle of group B in almost all carcass side parts, however, statistically significant difference between groups was determined only in round, back, neck and subshoulder. Also, share of bones in chest differed statistically significantly (P lt 0.05) and it was higher in group A (20.09%) compared to cattle of group B (15.52%).Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde klanične osobine i sastav polutki junadi domaće šarene rase, zaklanih pri dostizanju prosečne težine od 500 (grupa A) i 600 kg (grupa B). Teža junad su imala veći udeo bubrežnog loja u trupu, dok se udeo iznutrica nije značajno razlikovao. Statistički značajna razlika je pronađena samo u udelu jezika (P lt 0.05), koji je bio veći kod junadi grupe A. Udeo delova ekstra (biftek), I kategorije (but) i II kategorije (slabine, leđa, plećka) nisu se značajno razlikovali između grupa junadi. Statistički značajna razlika (P lt 0.05) je pronađena u udelu delova III kategorije. Udeo podlaktice i grudi bio je značajno veći kod lakših (3.55% i 7.95%) u odnosu na težu junad (2.89% i 6.33%), dok je udeo potplećke bio znatno niži kod junadi grupe A (6.89%) u odnosu na junad grupe B (9.73%). Podaci dobijeni disekcijom osnovnih delova polutke su se statistički značajno razlikovali u udelu mišićnog tkiva u butu i potrbušini, koji je bio značajno veći kod junadi grupe A (P lt 0.05). Udeo masnog tkiva (potkožnog i intermuskularnog) je bio veći kod junadi grupe B kod gotovo svih delova polutke, međutim, statistički značajna razlika između grupa je pronađena samo kod buta, leđa, vrata i potplećke. Takođe, udeo kostiju grudi se statistički značajno razlikovao (P lt 0.05) i bio je veći kod junadi grupe A (20.09%) u poređenju sa junadima grupe B (15.52%)

Carcass properties, chemical content and fatty acid composition of the musculus longissimus of different pig genotypes

The aim of this study was to examine carcass properties and variability in chemical content and fatty acid composition in the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) of different genotypes of pigs. Of 36 male castrated animals used in the trial, 24 were from two strains of Mangalitsa pigs (12 Swallow bellied (SBM) and 12 White (WM)), while 12 were of the Swedish Landrace (SL) breed (the most abundant meat/fattening breed in Serbia). The warm and cold carcass weights at slaughter were significantly higher in the WM and SL compared with the SBM. Results showed differences in warm and cold carcass dressing percentage between the groups. The SBM had significant lower values than WM and SL pigs. The total fat content was higher in WM and SBM pigs than SL pigs. The SL pigs had a significant higher percentage of water in their MLLT than the SBM and WM pigs. The representative of pig meat breeds, SL, contained significantly less cholesterol in its MLLT compared with the SBM and WM (-15.23% and -15.84%). However, differences in the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were more expressed and distinct. A higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were present in MLTT originating from SL pigs compared with the two Mangalitsa strains. The total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was higher in SBM and WM than in SL pigs. The alpha linolenic acid concentration (C18:3 n-3) was significantly higher in SBM than in WM and SL pigs

Banat donkey, a neglected donkey breed from the central Balkans (Serbia)

The dominant donkey breed in the Balkans is the mid-sized Balkan donkey with a grey to chocolate coat color. Local breeders from Serbia, however, still maintain a few larger individuals of a lighter coat color, named Banat donkey, and speculate that they are descendants of a Spanish donkey heard that had been transferred to the Banat region by the Hapsburg Queen Maria Theresa in the XVIII century for a specific purpose, to work in local vineyards. We have previously found a unique nuclear gene-pool and a prevalence of mitochondrial Clade 2 haplotypes in several such animals. In this study, we: (i) perform a comparative analysis of 18 morphological traits of the Banat donkey (seven individuals), Balkan donkey (53 individuals from two sub-populations of this breed) and the potential hybrids (eight individuals), and demonstrate the morphological distinctiveness of the Banat donkey, highlighting the diagnostic traits for distinguishing the breed: hip height, croup width, body length and chest depth; (ii) reanalyse published nuclear microsatellite data for these groups, and reveal that, although severely depopulated, the genetically distinct Banat donkey is not severely affected by the loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding; (iii) demonstrate that previously published Banat donkey mitochondrial haplotypes, analyzed genealogically together with those reported in ancient and modern individuals from Spain, Italy, Turkey, Cyprus and Africa, are shared with three Spanish breeds and individuals belonging to Amiata and some other Italian breeds. A unique morphological feature present in Banat and Somali wild donkeys, but also in Amiata donkeys, black stripes on legs, suggests that the origin of Clade 2 donkeys may be much more complex than previously thought. Actions to preserve the Banat donkey, a valuable but critically endangered genetic resource (<100 individuals), are urgent

Uticaj pola na karakteristike trbušno-rebarnog dela svinja hranjenih sa dodatkom sojinog ulja

Total of 40 castrated fatteners of Swedish Landrace breed, divided into two groups based on their gender (20 pigs in each group) were used in the study to determine the effect of gender on share of tissues and chemical composition of the fat taken from the belly carcass part. All pigs were fed diet containing additive of 1.25% of soybean oil. Even though the weight of belly part was similar in animals of both genders, female animals had higher share of muscle tissue (P lt 0.05), whereas male animals had higher share of intermuscular and total fat tissue (P lt 0.01). Addition of soybean oil, with high share of PUFA, to pig nutrition can significantly influence the increase of unsaturated fats. Female fatteners had more extracted fat in fat tissue and higher content of PUFA, however, statistically significant difference was established only in share of SFA, which was considerably lower (P lt 0.05) in comparison to male animals. Consequently, PUFA:SFA ratio was significantly higher in female animals (0.51) compared to male fatteners (0.39). Iodine number/value determined for fat was in the range from 63.00 in males to 64.36 in female animals without statistically significant difference. Based on obtained results it can be concluded that, in regard to the nutritional quality, belly part from female fatteners may provide a balanced fatty acid intake for consumers (PUFA:SFA>0.4). However, in regard to the technological quality, fat (bacon) obtained from female animals had lower sustainability, due to more rapid fat oxidation, and it was of poorer technological quality due to softer fat tissue and more difficult cutting.Ukupno 40 kastriranih tovljenika rase švedski landras, podeljenih u dve grupe u zavisnosti od pola (po 20 svinja u grupi), je iskorišćeno za utvrđivanje uticaja pola na udeo tkiva i hemijski sastav masti trbušno-rebarnog dela. Sve svinje su hranjene sa dodatkom 1,25% sojinog ulja. Pol životinja nije značajno uticao na težinu trbušno-rebarnog dela, međutim, utvrđeno je da su ženska grla imala veći udeo mišićnog tkiva (P lt 0,05), dok su muška imala veći udeo intermuskularnog i ukupnog masnog tkiva (P lt 0,01). Dodatak sojinog ulja, koje ima visok udeo PUFA, u ishranu svinja, može značajno da utiče na povećanje nezasićenosti masti. Ženski tovljenici su imali više ekstrahovane masti u masnom tkivu i veći sadržaj PUFA, međutim statistički značajna razlika je utvrđena samo u udelu SFA, koji je bio značajno niži (P lt 0,05) u odnosu na muška grla. Kao posledica toga, odnos PUFA:SFA je bio značajno veći kod ženskih grla (0,51) u odnosu na muška (0,39). Jodni broj masti se kretao od 63,00 kod muških do 64,36 kod ženskih životinja i nije se statistički značajno razlikovao. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je, u pogledu nutritivnog kvaliteta, trbušno-rebarni deo ženskih tovljenika kvalitetniji u pogledu masno-kiselinskog sastava (PUFA:SFA>0.4). Međutim, u pogledu tehnološkog kvaliteta, slanina dobijena od ženskih životinja bi imala manju održivost, usled brže oksidacije masti, i bila bi lošijeg tehnološkog kvaliteta, zbog mekanog masnog tkiva i otežanog sečenja

Research on technology, preservation and quality of small producers, dairy products from mountainous-hilly region of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Autori su izučavali tehnologiju, konzerviranje i kvalitetu autohtonih proizvoda nekih gazdinstava Bosne i Hercegovine, poimenično travničkog sira, livanjskog sira i kajmaka. Na osnovi izučavanja došli su do zaključka da su to proizvodi s visokim procentom masti i dobre kvalitete. Prerada mlijeka u autohtone proizvode u brdsko-planinskom području ekonomski je opravdana.The authors studied the technology, preservation and quality of dairy product from mountainous-hilly region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They describe Travnik cheese, Livanjski cheese and kaymak, their technology, methods of preservation and dairy products, of good quality. The authors find the manufacture of these products under existing conditions to be justifiable