Propuesta de Acciones para la Formación de profesionales de Electrónica, Informática y Telecomunicaciones para las empresas del Sector: informe final

La incorporación de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones (TIC) a la práctica totalidad de los sectores de actividad económica y social está provocando en todos los países desarrollados una demanda, en buena parte insatisfecha, de profesionales capaces de desarrollar, aplicar y utilizar estas tecnologías

Oxidoreductases on their way to industrial biotransformations

Fungi produce heme-containing peroxidases and peroxygenases, flavin-containing oxidases and dehydrogenases, and different copper-containing oxidoreductases involved in the biodegradation of lignin and other recalcitrant compounds. Heme peroxidases comprise the classical ligninolytic peroxidases and the new dye-decolorizing peroxidases, while heme peroxygenases belong to a still largely unexplored superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins. Nevertheless, basidiomycete unspecific peroxygenases have the highest biotechnological interest due to their ability to catalyze a variety of regio- and stereo-selective monooxygenation reactions with H2O2 as the source of oxygen and final electron acceptor. Flavo-oxidases are involved in both lignin and cellulose decay generating H2O2 that activates peroxidases and generates hydroxyl radical. The group of copper oxidoreductases also includes other H2O2 generating enzymes - copper-radical oxidases - together with classical laccases that are the oxidoreductases with the largest number of reported applications to date. However, the recently described lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases have attracted the highest attention among copper oxidoreductases, since they are capable of oxidatively breaking down crystalline cellulose, the disintegration of which is still a major bottleneck in lignocellulose biorefineries, along with lignin degradation. Interestingly, some flavin-containing dehydrogenases also play a key role in cellulose breakdown by directly/indirectly "fueling" electrons for polysaccharide monooxygenase activation. Many of the above oxidoreductases have been engineered, combining rational and computational design with directed evolution, to attain the selectivity, catalytic efficiency and stability properties required for their industrial utilization. Indeed, using ad hoc software and current computational capabilities, it is now possible to predict substrate access to the active site in biophysical simulations, and electron transfer efficiency in biochemical simulations, reducing in orders of magnitude the time of experimental work in oxidoreductase screening and engineering. What has been set out above is illustrated by a series of remarkable oxyfunctionalization and oxidation reactions developed in the frame of an intersectorial and multidisciplinary European RTD project. The optimized reactions include enzymatic synthesis of 1-naphthol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, drug metabolites, furandicarboxylic acid, indigo and other dyes, and conductive polyaniline, terminal oxygenation of alkanes, biomass delignification and lignin oxidation, among others. These successful case stories demonstrate the unexploited potential of oxidoreductases in medium and large-scale biotransformations

Active methods in electricity and magnetism courses: Influence of degree, academic level and gender on student performance

[EN] The performance of first-year students in electromagnetism (E&M) courses of different engineering degrees at a Spanish public university was measured using the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment (BEMA), a standard research-based instrument to assess students' understanding after attending introductory courses in electricity and magnetism. In all cases, Flipped classroom (FC) built on information and communications technology was used. The objective of this paper is to analyse if the gain in the BEMA pre and post-test results is influenced by several factors such as the degree, the students' academic grade, and gender. Moreover, as some studies have shown that the students' retention of the concepts was significantly stronger in active learning than in traditional approaches, a third BEMA test was performed by the students to analyse the long-term retention gain dependence on the same factors. Students from different engineering degree programs were asked to complete two BEMA tests during the course and a third one after a few months. ANOVA tests were used to analyse the existence of significant differences in gain between student degree programs, student academic level and student gender. Results have shown no differences in the BEMA performance by degree program, but significant differences were found by academic level and gender. Retention did not depend on the degree course but on the academic level. Mean gain value by academic level, and gender was obtained and concluded that the best students presented the best gain results and that gain depends on the students' gender: males outperformed females in the BEMA tests, although there were no significant differences in the course grades. It is thus necessary to understand these differences and to implement measures in daily teaching work to improve women's performance.Authors would like to thank the Instituto de Ciencias de la Educacion (ICE) in the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for their help, through the Innovation and Educational Quality Program and for supporting the team of the Innovacion en Metodologias Activas para el Aprendizaje de la Fisica (e-MACAFI) . This work has been supported by the UPV through the Project of Innovation and Educational Improvement Program (Projects PIME/18-19/76, PIME/18-19/88 and PIME/20-21/220 Convocatoria de Proyectos de Innovacion y Convergencia de la UPV) .Serrano, M.; Vidaurre, A.; Meseguer-Dueñas, JM.; Tort-Ausina, I.; Quiles Casado, SDLS.; Sabater I Serra, R.; García-Sanchez, T.... (2023). Active methods in electricity and magnetism courses: Influence of degree, academic level and gender on student performance. Heliyon. 9(10):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e2049011591

Effect of the use of videos in the pre-class preparation of laboratory sessions taught by flip teaching

[EN] Nowadays, it is well stablished the effectiveness of flip teaching in different areas. Video is widely used as a pre-class learning material and it is progressively replacing text-document materials. The students, 70 in total, are enrolled in the laboratory practice of the subject of Physics (Bachelor¿s Degree: Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering) at the Universitat Politècnica de València. Student¿s perception data were collected from the results of a survey. Students were asked about the usefulness of the videos and the in-class work, paying special attention to the roll of the instructor in relation to the flip teaching methodology and the pre-class material. The students were divided into two groups. In one of them, the videos were recorded by the same instructor present at the lab session, whereas the other group, the videos used were recorded by instructors different from the instructor present at the lab. The results indicate that students feel that the videos are very useful, rather than the written documents. They attribute a high value to the instructor in the lab session as they feel more confident with their work and they can ask for help when needed. They value positively the possibility of work autonomously. Small differences have been found in the opinion of both groups being the higher in the question that concerns the preference of the videos respect to the text.This work has been supported by the Universitat Politècnica de València through the Project of Innovation and Educational Improvement Program (Projects PIME/2018/B26 and PIME/2018/B25 Convocatoria de Proyectos de Innovación y Convergencia).Meseguer Dueñas, JM.; Quiles Casado, SDLS.; Sabater I Serra, R.; Serrano, M.; Gómez-Tejedor, J.; García-Sánchez, TM.; Tort-Ausina, I.... (2020). Effect of the use of videos in the pre-class preparation of laboratory sessions taught by flip teaching. Iated. 6107-6112. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2020.1654S6107611

Influencia de las Estrategias Metodológicas En el nivel Cognitivo de los Estudiantes del Nivel Inicial

Over time, humans have shown that there are many different forms of learning, but appropriate activities and strategies must be used to correctly develop the cognitive level of a subject, therefore, it is important that teachers have powerful tools; This stage motivates students to train understanding and expression of language in a fun but purposeful way, as this stage is very important for the maximum development of children's intellectual abilities. Most children do not reproduce simple tongue twisters because they are difficult to pronounce, do not associate the images on the cover of the story with the images reported by the teacher, this is partly due to the methodology implemented; to improve your pronunciation or enhance your imagination. Both boys and girls need an education that lays the foundation for their future development, the senses play an important role in learning, because it allows you to make connections, develop language, improve independence and gives you the confidence to discover your potential . Encourages teacher-student interaction and uses new strategies to create a harmonious environment that fosters collaboration, to be highly successful in learning students need to ensure that they develop their own thinking strategies for problem solving, problem solving and the resolution of facts in the learning of language and literature in a satisfactory way; all this happens in contact with the students, and it will be an important experience for their learning.A lo largo del tiempo, los humanos han demostrado que existen muchas formas diferentes de aprendizaje, pero se deben emplear actividades y estrategias adecuadas para desarrollar correctamente el nivel cognitivo de un sujeto, por ello, es importante que los docentes cuenten con herramientas poderosas; esta etapa motiva a los alumnos a entrenar la comprensión y expresión del lenguaje de una manera divertida pero propositiva, pues esta etapa es muy importante para el máximo desarrollo de las capacidades intelectuales de los niños.  La mayoría de los niños no reproducen trabalenguas simples porque son difíciles de pronunciar, no asocie las imágenes de la portada de la historia con las imágenes informadas por el maestro, esto se debe en parte a la metodología implementada; para mejorar tu pronunciación o potenciar tu imaginación. Tanto los niños como las niñas necesitan una educación que siente las bases para su desarrollo futuro, los sentidos juegan un papel importante en el aprendizaje, porque te permite hacer conexiones, desarrollar el lenguaje, mejorar la independencia y te da la confianza para descubrir tu potencial. Fomenta la interacción entre profesores y alumnos y utiliza nuevas estrategias para crear un entorno armonioso que fomenta la colaboración, para tener un gran éxito en el aprendizaje, los estudiantes deben asegurarse de que desarrollan sus propias estrategias de pensamiento para resolver problemas, la resolución de problemas y la resolución de hechos en el aprendizaje de lengua y literatura de una manera satisfactoria; todo esto sucede en contacto con los estudiantes, y será una experiencia importante para su aprendizaje

Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG): Ataxia and cerebellar assessment

Background: Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG) is the most frequent congenital disorder of glycosylation. The cerebellum is nearly always affected in PMM2-CDG patients, a cerebellar atrophy progression is observed, and cerebellar dysfunction is their main daily functional limitation. Different therapeutic agents are under development, and clinical evaluation of drug candidates will require a standardized score of cerebellar dysfunction. We aim to assess the validity of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) in children and adolescents with genetically confirmed PMM2-CDG deficiency. We compare ICARS results with the Nijmegen Pediatric CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS), neuroimaging, intelligence quotient (IQ) and molecular data. Methods: Our observational study included 13 PMM2-CDG patients and 21 control subjects. Ethical permissions and informed consents were obtained. Three independent child neurologists rated PMM2-CDG patients and control subjects using the ICARS. A single clinician administered the NPCRS. All patients underwent brain MRI, and the relative diameter of the midsagittal vermis was measured. Psychometric evaluations were available in six patients. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare ICARS between patients and controls. To evaluate inter-observer agreement in patients' ICARS ratings, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. ICARS internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was used to correlate ICARS with NPCRS, midsagittal vermis relative diameter and IQ. Results: ICARS and ICARS subscores differed between patients and controls (p < 0.001). Interobserver agreement of ICARS was "almost perfect" (ICC = 0.99), with a "good" internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.72). ICARS was significantly correlated with the total NPCRS score (rs 0.90, p < 0.001). However, there was no agreement regarding categories of severity. Regarding neuroimaging, inverse correlations between ICARS and midsagittal vermis relative diameter (rs -0.85, p = 0.003) and IQ (rs -0.94, p = 0.005) were found. Patients bearing p.E93A, p.C241S or p.R162W mutations presented a milder phenotype. Conclusions: ICARS is a reliable instrument for assessment of PMM2-CDG patients, without significant inter-rater variability. Despite our limited sample size, the results show a good correlation between functional cerebellar assessment, IQ and neuroimagingFor the first a correlation between ICARS, neuroimaging and IQ in PMM2-CDG patients has been demonstratedThe work was supported by national grants PI14/00021, PI11/01096, PI11/01250, and PI10/00455 from the National Plan on I+D+I, cofinanced by ISC-III (Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria) and FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) and IPT-2012- 0561-010000 from MINECO. Three research groups (U-746, U-737 and U703) from the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, have worked together for the present stud

Predictors of Relapse in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Colombia: Multicenter Study

Introducción: El cáncer diferenciado de tiroides es una enfermedad que si bien no tiene una tasa alta de mortalidad, acarrea una carga de morbilidad importante dada principal-mente por la recurrencia. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los factores asociados a recaída en pacientes de tres centros de referencia en Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Las variables demográficas, clínicas e histopatológicas fue-ron recolectadas a partir de las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos durante tres años. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 481 sujetos. El 85,7% eran mujeres y el 59,3% de la población fue mayor de 45 años. En el 97% de los casos se trató de carcinoma papilar. El promedio de seguimiento fue de 5,1±4,9 años. La recaída tumoral se do-cumentó en el 16,8% de los sujetos con una mediana de tiem-po de tres años desde la terapia inicial. Se encontró asociación entre recaída y el tamaño del tumor, extensión extratiroidea, relación ganglios comprometidos/resecados centrales y tota-les y compromiso periganglionar en el análisis univariado. El número de ganglios totales comprometidos ≥ 2 (HR 4,10, IC 95% 1,07 - 4,85) y el valor de tiroglobulina estimulada ≥ 7,29 ng/ml (HR 2,28, IC 95% 1,07-4,85, p=0,031) fueron los dos factores independientes asociados con recaída en el análisis multivariado. Autor de correspondenciaLisseth Fernanda Marín [email protected]ón de correspondencia: Centro Médico Carlos Ardila Lulle. Carrera 24 # 154 – 106 Urbanización El Bosque. Torre B, Módulo 55, consultorio 806.Teléfonos: 3188481025 - 6389303Fecha de recepción:18/06/2018Fecha de aceptación:27/02/2019 Conclusiones: Los pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides con compromiso metastásico de hasta un ganglio cer-vical y/o un nivel de tiroglobulina preablativa inferior a 7,29 ng/ml pueden ser considerados de bajo riesgo para recaída.Palabras clave: cáncer de tiroides, recurrencia, recaída, tiroglobulina, ganglios linfáticos.Artículo original92-100Background/Purpose: Differentiated thyroid cancer, de-spite not having a high mortality rate, entails an important morbidity burden, given mainly by recurrence. It was our objec-tive to determine the associated factors with relapse in patients with thyroid cancer in 3 hospitals in Colombia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics were collected from medical records of patients attended dur-ing 3 years. Results: 481 patients were included. 85.7% were women and 59.3% were over 45 years. 97% of cases had papillary carci-noma. The mean time of follow-up was 5.1±4.9 years. Tumor re-lapse was documented in 16.8% of subjects with a median time of 3 years since initial therapy. Association between recurrence and tumor size, extrathyroid extension, metastatic/resected lymph node ratio (central and total) and extranodal extension was found in the univariate analysis. The total amount of meta-static lymph nodes ≥2 (HR 4.10, CI95%1.07-4.85) and a value of preablative stimulated thyroglobulin ≥7.29 ng/ml (HR 2.28, CI 95%1.07-4.85, p=0.031), were the only two significant features related to recurrence in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Patients with differentiated thyroid carcino-ma with ≤ 1 metastatic total lymph nodes and/or preablative stimulated thyroglobulin less than 7.29 ng/ml might be classi-fied as low recurrence risk.Keywords: thyroid cancer, recurrence, thyroglobulin, lymph nodes, lymphatic metastases

Predictores de recaída en carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides en Colombia: estudio multicéntrico

Introducción: El cáncer diferenciado de tiroides es una enfermedad que si bien no tiene una tasa alta de mortalidad, acarrea una carga de morbilidad importante dada principalmente por la recurrencia. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los factores asociados a recaída en pacientes de tres centros de referencia en Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Las variables demográficas, clínicas e histopatológicas fueron recolectadas a partir de las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos durante tres años. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 481 sujetos. El 85,7% eran mujeres y el 59,3% de la población fue mayor de 45 años. En el 97% de los casos se trató de carcinoma papilar. El promedio de seguimiento fue de 5,1±4,9 años. La recaída tumoral se documentó en el 16,8% de los sujetos con una mediana de tiempo de tres años desde la terapia inicial. Se encontró asociación entre recaída y el tamaño del tumor, extensión extratiroidea, relación ganglios comprometidos/resecados centrales y totales y compromiso periganglionar en el análisis univariado. El número de ganglios totales comprometidos ? 2 (HR 4,10, IC 95% 1,07 - 4,85) y el valor de tiroglobulina estimulada ? 7,29 ng/ml (HR 2,28, IC 95% 1,07-4,85, p=0,031) fueron los dos factores independientes asociados con recaída en el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides con compromiso metastásico de hasta un ganglio cervical y/o un nivel de tiroglobulina preablativa inferior a 7,29 ng/ml pueden ser considerados de bajo riesgo para recaída

A global phylogenomic analysis of the shiitake genus Lentinula

Lentinula is a broadly distributed group of fungi that contains the cultivated shiitake mushroom, L. edodes. We sequenced 24 genomes representing eight described species and several unnamed lineages of Lentinula from 15 countries on four continents. Lentinula comprises four major clades that arose in the Oligocene, three in the Americas and one in Asia–Australasia. To expand sampling of shiitake mushrooms, we assembled 60 genomes of L. edodes from China that were previously published as raw Illumina reads and added them to our dataset. Lentinula edodes sensu lato (s. lat.) contains three lineages that may warrant recognition as species, one including a single isolate from Nepal that is the sister group to the rest of L. edodes s. lat., a second with 20 cultivars and 12 wild isolates from China, Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East, and a third with 28 wild isolates from China, Thailand, and Vietnam. Two additional lineages in China have arisen by hybridization among the second and third groups. Genes encoding cysteine sulfoxide lyase (lecsl) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (leggt), which are implicated in biosynthesis of the organosulfur flavor compound lenthionine, have diversified in Lentinula. Paralogs of both genes that are unique to Lentinula (lecsl 3 and leggt 5b) are coordinately up-regulated in fruiting bodies of L. edodes. The pangenome of L. edodes s. lat. contains 20,308 groups of orthologous genes, but only 6,438 orthogroups (32%) are shared among all strains, whereas 3,444 orthogroups (17%) are found only in wild populations, which should be targeted for conservation