Letter from Matilde M. de Soto and Maria Lydia Sanchez de Roman, Deputies of the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly, to Geraldine Ferraro

Letter from Matilde M. de Soto and Maria Lydia Sanchez de Roman, Deputies of the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly, to Geraldine Ferraro. Letter has handwritten notes and includes a Library of Congress translation.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/vice_presidential_campaign_correspondence_1984_international/1344/thumbnail.jp

IEST: WASSA-2018 Implicit Emotions Shared Task

Past shared tasks on emotions use data with both overt expressions of emotions (I am so happy to see you!) as well as subtle expressions where the emotions have to be inferred, for instance from event descriptions. Further, most datasets do not focus on the cause or the stimulus of the emotion. Here, for the first time, we propose a shared task where systems have to predict the emotions in a large automatically labeled dataset of tweets without access to words denoting emotions. Based on this intention, we call this the Implicit Emotion Shared Task (IEST) because the systems have to infer the emotion mostly from the context. Every tweet has an occurrence of an explicit emotion word that is masked. The tweets are collected in a manner such that they are likely to include a description of the cause of the emotion - the stimulus. Altogether, 30 teams submitted results which range from macro F1 scores of 21 % to 71 %. The baseline (MaxEnt bag of words and bigrams) obtains an F1 score of 60 % which was available to the participants during the development phase. A study with human annotators suggests that automatic methods outperform human predictions, possibly by honing into subtle textual clues not used by humans. Corpora, resources, and results are available at the shared task website at http://implicitemotions.wassa2018.com.Comment: Accepted at Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysi

Turbulent fluid acceleration generates clusters of gyrotactic microorganisms

The motility of microorganisms is often biased by gradients in physical and chemical properties of their environment, with myriad implications on their ecology. Here we show that fluid acceleration reorients gyrotactic plankton, triggering small-scale clustering. We experimentally demonstrate this phenomenon by studying the distribution of the phytoplankton Chlamydomonas augustae within a rotating tank and find it to be in good agreement with a new, generalized model of gyrotaxis. When this model is implemented in a direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow, we find that fluid acceleration generates multi-fractal plankton clustering, with faster and more stable cells producing stronger clustering. By producing accumulations in high-vorticity regions, this process is fundamen- tally different from clustering by gravitational acceleration, expanding the range of mechanisms by which turbulent flows can impact the spatial distribution of active suspensions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Euler Polynomials and Identities for Non-Commutative Operators

Three kinds of identities involving non-commutating operators and Euler and Bernoulli polynomials are studied. The first identity, as given by Bender and Bettencourt, expresses the nested commutator of the Hamiltonian and momentum operators as the commutator of the momentum and the shifted Euler polynomial of the Hamiltonian. The second one, due to J.-C. Pain, links the commutators and anti-commutators of the monomials of the position and momentum operators. The third appears in a work by Figuieira de Morisson and Fring in the context of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems. In each case, we provide several proofs and extensions of these identities that highlight the role of Euler and Bernoulli polynomials.Comment: 20 page

Bravo/Nr-CAM Is Closely Related to the Cell Adhesion Molecules L1 and Ng-CAM and Has a Similar Heterodimer Structure

Diverse cell-surface molecules of the nervous system play an important role in specifying cell interactions during development. Using a method designed to generate mAbs against neural surface molecules of defined molecular weight, we have previously reported on the surface protein, Bravo, found in the developing avian retinotectal system. Bravo is immunologically detected on developing optic fibers in the retina, but absent from distal regions of the same fibers in the tectum. We have isolated cDNA clones encompassing the entire coding region of Bravo, including clones containing five alternative sequences of cDNA. These putative alternatively spliced sequences encode stretches of polypeptide ranging in length from 10-93 amino acids and are predicted to be both extra- and intracellular. The deduced primary structure of Bravo reveals that, like the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) chicken Ng- CAM and mouse L1, Bravo is composed of six Ig-like domains, five fibronectin type III repeats, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic region. Recently, the cDNA sequence of a related molecule, Nr-CAM, was reported and its possible identity with Bravo discussed (Grumet, M., V. Mauro, M. P. Burgoon, G. E. Edelman, and B. A. Cunningham. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:1399-1412). Here we confirm this identity and moreover show that Bravo is found on Muller glial processes and end-feet in the developing retina. In contrast to the single polypeptide chain structure of Nr-CAM reported previously, we show that Bravo has a heterodimer structure composed of an alpha chain of M(r) 140/130 and a beta chain of 60-80 kD. As with L1 and Ng-CAM, the two chains of Bravo are generated from an intact polypeptide by cleavage at identical locations and conserved sites within all three molecules (Ser-Arg/Lys-Arg). The similar domain composition and heterodimer structure, as well as the 40% amino acid sequence identity of these molecules, defines them as an evolutionarily related subgroup of CAMs. The relationship of Bravo to molecules known to be involved in cell adhesion and process outgrowth, combined with its pattern of expression and numerous potential isoforms, suggests a complex role for this molecule in cell interactions during neural development

Malaria parasite detection increases during pregnancy in wild chimpanzees

Background: The diversity of malaria parasites (Plasmodium sp.) infecting chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and their close relatedness with those infecting humans is well documented. However, their biology is still largely unexplored and there is a need for baseline epidemiological data. Here, the effect of pregnancy, a well-known risk factor for malaria in humans, on the susceptibility of female chimpanzees to malaria infection was investigated. Methods: A series of 384 faecal samples collected during 40 pregnancies and 36 post-pregnancies from three habituated groups of wild chimpanzees in the Tai National Park, Cote d'Ivoire, were tested. Samples were tested for malaria parasites by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Data were analysed using a generalized linear mixed model. Results: Probability of malaria parasite detection significantly increased towards the end of pregnancy and decreased with the age of the mother. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that susceptibility to malaria parasite infection increases during pregnancy, and, as shown before, in younger individuals, which points towards similar dynamics of malaria parasite infection in human and chimpanzee populations and raises questions about the effects of such infections on pregnancy outcome and offspring morbidity/mortality

Eficiência de herbicidas no controle de gramíneas em seringueira.

Em Rondônia, capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis (L.) Mez ex Ekman), capim-colchão (Digitaria horizontalis Willd.), capim-milhã (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel), capim pé-de-galinha (Eleusine indica, (L.) Gaertn) e capim rabo-de-burro (Andropogon bicornis L.), são ervas daninhas muito freqüentes em cultivos de seringueira, o que justifica a realização de trabalhos específicos para seu controle. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar nas condições de campo, a eficácia de três herbicidas pós-emergentes no controle de gramíneas importantes em cultivo de seringueira em Rondônia.bitstream/item/77101/1/FOL-7728-0001.pd

Uso de herbicidas em viveiro de seringueira em Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo testar a eficácia de cinco herbicidas pré-emergentes, no controle de plantas dainhas em viveiros de seringueira, nas condições edafoclimáticasde Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO.bitstream/item/67391/1/CPAF-RO-DOCUMENTOS-29-USO-DE-HERBICIDAS-EM-VIVEIRO-DE-SERINGUEIRA-EM-OURO-PRETO-DO-OESTE-RO-FL-11.pd

Efecto del fuego sobre la flora micorrícica de una formación natural de carrasca

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo de los morfotipos de ectomicorrizas que aparecen asociados de forma natural a la carrasca, Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo en un carrascal de Navarra afectado en 1993 por un incendio forestal. Los muestreos se han realizado en dos zonas de dicho carrascal, una alterada por el incendio (zona quemada), y otra que no sufrió ninguna perturbación (zona control). Por una parte, se ha analizado el efecto del fuego sobre el estado micorrícico de las carrascas, comparando los porcentajes de micorrización de la zona quemada y de la zona control, y, por otra, se ha contrastado la diversidad y la abundancia de los morfotipos de ectomicorrizas que aparecen en ambas zonas, haciendo una descripción de dichos morfotipos, e identificando al hongo que los forma en la medida de lo posible. SUMMARY The aim of this study is the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the ectomycorrhizal morphotypes naturally associated with evergreen oak, Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. The study has been undertaken in an evergreen oak forest located in Navarra. Part of this forest burned in 1993, but most of it remains undisturbed. Thus, samples have been taken from both the burned and the control study sites. The impact of fire on the mycorrhizal state of evergreen oaks has been analysed by comparing the percentages of mycorrhization in the burned and the control areas. On the other hand, the diversity and abundance of the ectomycorrhizal morphotypes occurring in both sites have also been studied. The ectomycorrhizal morphotypes found have been described, and the fungal partner has been identified when possible

Identificación y descripción de las Ectomicorrizas de Quercus Ilex L. Subsp. Ballota (Desf.) Samp. en una zona quemada y una zona sin alterar del carrascal de Nazar (Navarra)

Desde 1998, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de campo en un bosque de Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. situado en Nazar (Navarra, España). El objetivo de este estudio es la comparación cualitativa y cuantitativa de los tipos de ectomicorrizas que han sido descritos e identificados en una zona quemada y una zona control de este carrascal. Así, se pretende paliar la escasez de conocimiento en el tema de las ectomicorrizas asociadas con la carrasca en condiciones naturales, ya que la mayoría de los trabajos publicados están relacionados con la truficultura o la micorrización inducida en vivero