Lastentarhanopettajien TPACK-taidot:tapaustutkimus matematiikan opetuksesta esiopetuskontekstissa

Tiivistelmä. Tämän kvalitatiivisen tapaustutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millainen on lastentarhanopettajien tietämys tieto- ja viestintätekniikalla tuetusta matematiikan opetuksesta esiopetuskontekstissa ja miten TPACK-ajattelu näkyi opettajien tietämyksessä. Tutkimusta varten haastateltiin ja havainnoitiin kahta esiopetusryhmän lastentarhanopettajaa. Opettajat työskentelevät pohjoissuomalaisessa esiopetusryhmässä, joka osallistuu kehittämishankkeeseen. Hankkeen tavoitteena on TVT-tuetun esiopetuspedagogiikan kehittäminen. Aineistoa kerättiin TPACK-teorian näkökulmasta ja se analysoitiin käyttäen teorialähtöistä sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimuksen teoriaosassa perehdytään TPACK-teoriaan, joka on teoria teknologis-pedagogisesta sisältötiedosta. Se määrittelee, millaista osaamista ja tietoa opettajalla tulee olla pedagogiikasta, teknologiasta ja ainesisällöstä. Määritelmät ovat teoreettisia, eivätkä ne sisällä mitään neuvoja, kuinka opettajan tulisi käytännössä toimia. Konteksti, jossa opettaja toimii, määrää, millaisia asioita teorian eri kategorioissa tulee huomioida. Uudessa Esiopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteissa (Opetushallitus, 2014) määritellään teknologinen osaaminen kansalaistaidoksi. Aiemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, että opettajilla on vaikeuksia suunnitella tieto- ja viestintätekniikkaa hyödyntävää opetusta ja että he kokevat olevansa epävarmoja. Tutkimuksella saatiin ajankohtaista tietoa siitä, miten lastentarhanopettajat kokevat TVT:n hyödyntämisen esiopetuksessa ja siitä, mihin he erityisesti tarvitsevat tukea. Tutkimusten mukaan tieto opettajien käsityksistä toimii oppaana suunnitellessa oikeanlaista apua ja tukea TVT:n integroinnin kanssa kamppailevalle. Lastentarhanopettajien tietämys tieto- ja viestintätekniikalla tuetusta opetuksesta oli, että heidän tulee ensin itse hallita laitteiden käyttö, ennen kuin he voivat niitä hyödyntää opetuksessa. He ymmärsivät, että tieto- ja viestintätekniikan käyttäminen vaatii aina pedagogisen päämäärän ja tavoitteen. Kun opettajia havainnoitiin tuokioilla, huomattiin, että opettajien käsitys pedagogisesti tarkoituksenmukaisesta integroinnista ei täysin näkynyt käytännössä opettajan toiminnassa. Opettajat kuitenkin osoittivat teknologis-pedagogista sisältötietoaan etenkin haastatteluissa, sillä Nvivo-analyysin mukaan opettajien puheet keskittyivät eniten pedagogiseen sisältötietoon ja teknologis-pedagogiseen tietoon. Johtopäätös on, että opettajat tarvitsevat käytännön neuvoja, ideoita ja tukea siihen, miten he voisivat välineitä opetuksessa ja oppimisen tukemisessa käyttää

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Common Inflammation-Related Candidate Gene Variants and Acute Kidney Injury in 2647 Critically Ill Finnish Patients

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome with high incidence among the critically ill. Because the clinical variables and currently used biomarkers have failed to predict the individual susceptibility to AKI, candidate gene variants for the trait have been studied. Studies about genetic predisposition to AKI have been mainly underpowered and of moderate quality. We report the association study of 27 genetic variants in a cohort of Finnish critically ill patients, focusing on the replication of associations detected with variants in genes related to inflammation, cell survival, or circulation. In this prospective, observational Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study, 2647 patients without chronic kidney disease were genotyped. We defined AKI according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We compared severe AKI (Stages 2 and 3, n = 625) to controls (Stage 0, n = 1582). For genotyping we used iPLEX(TM) Assay (Agena Bioscience). We performed the association analyses with PLINK software, using an additive genetic model in logistic regression. Despite the numerous, although contradictory, studies about association between polymorphisms rs1800629 in TNFA and rs1800896 in IL10 and AKI, we found no association (odds ratios 1.06 (95% CI 0.89-1.28, p = 0.51) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.80-1.05, p = 0.20), respectively). Adjusting for confounders did not change the results. To conclude, we could not confirm the associations reported in previous studies in a cohort of critically ill patients.Peer reviewe

Matrix Metalloproteinases-8 and-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Burn Patients. A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -8 and -9 are released from neutrophils in acute inflammation and may contribute to permeability changes in burn injury. In retrospective studies on sepsis, levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) differed from those of healthy controls, and TIMP-1 showed an association with outcome. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between these proteins and disease severity and outcome in burn patients. Methods In this prospective, observational, two-center study, we collected plasma samples from admission to day 21 post-burn, and burn blister fluid samples on admission. We compared MMP-8, -9, and TIMP-1 levels between TBSA20% (N = 30) injured patients and healthy controls, and between 90-day survivors and non-survivors. MMP-8, -9, and TIMP-1 levels at 24-48 hours from injury, their maximal levels, and their time-adjusted means were compared between groups. Correlations with clinical parameters and the extent of burn were analyzed. MMP-8, -9, and TIMP-1 levels in burn blister fluids were also studied. Results Plasma MMP-8 and -9 were higher in patients than in healthy controls (P20% groups. MMP-8 and -9 were not associated with clinical severity or outcome measures. TIMP-1 differed significantly between patients and controls (P20% groups (PPeer reviewe

Common Inflammation-Related Candidate Gene Variants and Acute Kidney Injury in 2647 Critically Ill Finnish Patients

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome with high incidence among the critically ill. Because the clinical variables and currently used biomarkers have failed to predict the individual susceptibility to AKI, candidate gene variants for the trait have been studied. Studies about genetic predisposition to AKI have been mainly underpowered and of moderate quality. We report the association study of 27 genetic variants in a cohort of Finnish critically ill patients, focusing on the replication of associations detected with variants in genes related to inflammation, cell survival, or circulation. In this prospective, observational Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study, 2647 patients without chronic kidney disease were genotyped. We defined AKI according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We compared severe AKI (Stages 2 and 3, n = 625) to controls (Stage 0, n = 1582). For genotyping we used iPLEX(TM) Assay (Agena Bioscience). We performed the association analyses with PLINK software, using an additive genetic model in logistic regression. Despite the numerous, although contradictory, studies about association between polymorphisms rs1800629 in TNFA and rs1800896 in IL10 and AKI, we found no association (odds ratios 1.06 (95% CI 0.89-1.28, p = 0.51) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.80-1.05, p = 0.20), respectively). Adjusting for confounders did not change the results. To conclude, we could not confirm the associations reported in previous studies in a cohort of critically ill patients

Heme oxygenase-1 repeat polymorphism in septic acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome that frequently affects the critically ill. Recently, an increased number of dinucleotide repeats in the HMOX1 gene were reported to associate with development of AKI in cardiac surgery. We aimed to test the replicability of this finding in a Finnish cohort of critically ill septic patients. This multicenter study was part of the national FINNAKI study. We genotyped 300 patients with severe AKI (KDIGO 2 or 3) and 353 controls without AKI (KDIGO 0) for the guanine-thymine (GTn) repeat in the promoter region of the HMOX1 gene. The allele calling was based on the number of repeats, the cut off being 27 repeats in the S-L (short to long) classification, and 27 and 34 repeats for the S-M-L2 (short to medium to very long) classification. The plasma concentrations of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme were measured on admission. The allele distribution in our patients was similar to that published previously, with peaks at 23 and 30 repeats. The S-allele increases AKI risk. An adjusted OR was 1.30 for each S-allele in an additive genetic model (95% CI 1.01-1.66; p = 0.041). Alleles with a repeat number greater than 34 were significantly associated with lower HO-1 concentration (p<0.001). In septic patients, we report an association between a short repeat in HMOX1 and AKI risk