Innovaciones docentes mediante competencias en las ciencias jurídicas en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior

Este trabajo pretende acercarse al nuevo mundo que se encuentra todo estudiante de Derecho en las Facultades de nuestro país con una innumerable cantidad de innovaciones docentes como consecuencia de la construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación superior. Más concretamente, tras una vaga explicación de todo lo que ha supuesto la construcción de este Espacio Europeo de Educación superior, hemos querido mostrar cómo, en las Guías Docentes de las asignaturas de nuestro Área de Conocimiento (Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado) en las que ya está implantado el nuevo sistema del crédito europeo en nuestra Universidad (la Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla), hemos especificado el conjunto de Competencias que, a nuestro entender, debe alcanzar el estudiante de Derecho en todo este nuevo contexto educativo del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Nuestra más importante conclusión nos lleva a ser cautos y a encontrarnos ciertamente preocupados por cuanto se espera de nosotros, los docentes, a los que consideramos que se nos ha atribuido una excesiva carga de trabajo y una excesiva responsabilidad en todo este sistema novedoso. No podemos estimar a la ligera que los únicos responsables en el eventual éxito o fracaso académico de los alumnos seamos los docentes de las ciencias jurídicas porque ello nos parecería totalmente equivocado y desproporcionado

Aves limícolas (Charadrii) en un embalse del centro de la Península Ibérica durante el ciclo anual: zonas interiores vs. zonas litorales

The structure and dynamics of wader assernblages in a reservoir in the centre of the lberian peninsula (Los Canchales, Badajoz, SW Spain) was studied over a one-year period. The comparison between these assemblages and others from inland and coastal wetlands of the peninsula is analysed. The highest number of birds in Los Canchales reservoir was registered during the migration periods. This pattern fits that observed in other inland wetlands with slow waters, but is different from the pattern observed in inland rivers, probably dueto the smaller available surface for the majority of these species. The occurrence of Vanellus vanellus in inland wetlands brings about the dominance of the Charadriidae in contrast with coastal wetlands where the Scolopacidae is the dominant family as a result of the great numbers of birds of the Calidris genus. Key words: Waders, Reservoir, Inland, Annual dynamic, Charadrii.The structure and dynamics of wader assernblages in a reservoir in the centre of the lberian peninsula (Los Canchales, Badajoz, SW Spain) was studied over a one-year period. The comparison between these assemblages and others from inland and coastal wetlands of the peninsula is analysed. The highest number of birds in Los Canchales reservoir was registered during the migration periods. This pattern fits that observed in other inland wetlands with slow waters, but is different from the pattern observed in inland rivers, probably dueto the smaller available surface for the majority of these species. The occurrence of Vanellus vanellus in inland wetlands brings about the dominance of the Charadriidae in contrast with coastal wetlands where the Scolopacidae is the dominant family as a result of the great numbers of birds of the Calidris genus. Key words: Waders, Reservoir, Inland, Annual dynamic, Charadrii.The structure and dynamics of wader assernblages in a reservoir in the centre of the lberian peninsula (Los Canchales, Badajoz, SW Spain) was studied over a one-year period. The comparison between these assemblages and others from inland and coastal wetlands of the peninsula is analysed. The highest number of birds in Los Canchales reservoir was registered during the migration periods. This pattern fits that observed in other inland wetlands with slow waters, but is different from the pattern observed in inland rivers, probably dueto the smaller available surface for the majority of these species. The occurrence of Vanellus vanellus in inland wetlands brings about the dominance of the Charadriidae in contrast with coastal wetlands where the Scolopacidae is the dominant family as a result of the great numbers of birds of the Calidris genus. Key words: Waders, Reservoir, Inland, Annual dynamic, Charadrii

Digging into the genomic past of Swiss honey bees by whole-genome sequencing museum specimens

Historical specimens in museum collections provide opportunities to gain insights into the genomic past. For the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera L., this is particularly important because its populations are currently under threat worldwide and have experienced many changes in management and environment over the last century. Using Swiss Apis mellifera mellifera as a case study, our research provides important insights into the genetic diversity of native honey bees prior to the industrial-scale introductions and trade of non-native stocks during the 20th century-the onset of intensive commercial breeding and the decline of wild honey bees following the arrival of Varroa destructor. We sequenced whole-genomes of 22 honey bees from the Natural History Museum in Bern collected in Switzerland, including the oldest A. mellifera sample ever sequenced. We identify both, a historic and a recent migrant, natural or human-mediated, which corroborates with the population history of honey bees in Switzerland. Contrary to what we expected, we find no evidence for a significant genetic bottleneck in Swiss honey bees, and find that genetic diversity is not only maintained, but even slightly increased, most probably due to modern apicultural practices. Finally, we identify signals of selection between historic and modern honey bee populations associated with genes enriched in functions linked to xenobiotics, suggesting a possible selective pressure from the increasing use and diversity of chemicals used in agriculture and apiculture over the last century.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Automated generation of computationally hard feature models using evolutionary algorithms

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Expert Systems with Applications. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2014 Elsevier B.V.A feature model is a compact representation of the products of a software product line. The automated extraction of information from feature models is a thriving topic involving numerous analysis operations, techniques and tools. Performance evaluations in this domain mainly rely on the use of random feature models. However, these only provide a rough idea of the behaviour of the tools with average problems and are not sufficient to reveal their real strengths and weaknesses. In this article, we propose to model the problem of finding computationally hard feature models as an optimization problem and we solve it using a novel evolutionary algorithm for optimized feature models (ETHOM). Given a tool and an analysis operation, ETHOM generates input models of a predefined size maximizing aspects such as the execution time or the memory consumption of the tool when performing the operation over the model. This allows users and developers to know the performance of tools in pessimistic cases providing a better idea of their real power and revealing performance bugs. Experiments using ETHOM on a number of analyses and tools have successfully identified models producing much longer executions times and higher memory consumption than those obtained with random models of identical or even larger size.European Commission (FEDER), the Spanish Government and the Andalusian Government

La maraña intervencionista franquista en el fomento de la exportación. el « dumping corchero»

The main objective of this work is to analyze the measures implemented during the Franco dictatorship over the period 1939㈀1959 to revive the exports of cork products, which had fallen sharply since the beginning of the crisis of 1929. The first measure, implemented in 1939 and 1940, was granting tax reliefs to exporters of several cork products; its impact on commercial traffic of cork was very low. The second measure was the establishment, between 1946 and 1950, of a subsidies system for cork exports, which allowed the recovery of the Spanish cork exports. Yet, these were classified as dumping by the United States and created a trade conflict, which forced its repeal. Immediately after this repeal, cork products were incorporated into the multiple exchange rates mechanism in force in Spain since 1948, a system of hidden subsidies that allowed an improvement in cork exports during the 1950's. The work also examines whether the objective of protecting domestic industry, through the promotion of cork manufactures exports, was limited by the need of obtaining foreign exchange from exports. The incentives that the dictatorship applied for the export of raw cork that was in turn needed by the industry to work with, seems to point to such limit. (Main text in Spanish)cork, cork industry, dumping export subsidies

Special issue on pests and pathogens in Apiculture: Navigating Old Challenges and Unveiling New Threats

In the realm of apiculture, the delicate balance between colonies, bees and the challenges posed by pests and pathogens has been a longstanding concern for researchers and beekeepers alike. The decision to dedicate a special edition to pests and pathogens in apiculture arose from the fact that a myriad of pests and pathogens are some of the main threats to bees across the world. Moreover, the increase in submissions during the recent period indicates a heightened research interest and an urgent imperative to confront the challenges associated with pests and pathogens in apiculture.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The cartujano stock of the spanish horse in America

The Cartujano stock of the Spanish horse is eumetric, mesomorphous, constitutionally compact and with subconvex profile. It shows a bright and energic aspect, with appreciable elevations and extensions. Its constitutional type is orthostenic or equanimous, its character is noble and docile. It is very interesting for the breaking in high school. This stock has its origin in the farm created by the Cartujanos monks from Jerez de la Frontera, in 1492. Today it can be find in Colombia on Mr. Francisco León Arboleda’s farm; in Costa Rica included in the farms of Mr. Mariano Guardia and Mr. Jorge Herrera, among others. Also in Cuba bought by Mr. Fidel Castro; in E.E.U.U. included in the farms of Mr. Currier, Mr. Broston, Mr. Parkinson, Mr. Garmendia and Mr. Alcalde, among others. In Mexico the most important breeders are Mr. Miguel Alemán, Mr. Enrique Alvarez and Mr. Plácido Arango. We also find this stock in other countries such as Nicaragua, Perú, Venezuela, etc. All that shows its important genetic contribution to the Spanish Breed horse in America.La estirpe Cartujana del Caballo Español es eumétrica, mesomorfa, constitucionalmente compacta y de perfil subconvexo. Esto le da un aspecto elegante y enérgico, con una apreciable elevación y extensión. Su tipo constitucional es ortosténico ó equilibrado, su carácter es noble y dócil. Es muy adecuada para la doma de Alta Escuela. Tiene su origen en la ganadería creada por los monjes Cartujanos de Jerez de la Frontera, en 1492. Se emplea aun como mejorante del caballo de raza española en Colombia (ganadería de D. Francisco León Arboleda) y en Costa Rica en las ganaderías del Sr. Mariano Guardia, D. Jorge Herrera y otras. También en Cuba fue comprada por el Sr. Fidel Castro; en USA se encuentra en las ganaderías de los sres. Currier, Broston, Parkinson, Garmendia, Alcalde, y otros. En México los ganaderos más importantes son D. Miguel Alemán, D. Enrique Alvarez y D. Plácido Arango. También está presente en Nicaragua, Perú, Venezuela, etc. Lo que demuestra su importante aportación genética al caballo Español en América

Mitochondrial SNP markers to monitor evolutionary lineage ancestry in Apis mellifera mellifera conservation programs

The European dark honey bee, Apis mellifera mellifera , is threatened inmost of its native range, in part, due to introgressive hybridization with bees from the highly divergent C-lineage, mainly Apis mellifera carnica and Apis mellifera ligustica (De la Rúa et al. 2009; Pinto et al. 2014). Yet, the maintenance of locally adapted genetic diversity is critical for the population long-term survival and sustainability (De la Rúa et al. 2009; Meixner 2010). The growing awareness that genetic diversity is important for sustainable beekeeping led to implementation of different conservation and breeding programs throughout Europe, which are in need of reliable and costefficient molecular tools to accurately monitor Clineage introgression into A. m. mellifera (De la Rúa et al. 2009; Henriques et al. 2018a, b; Meixner 2010). The large mating flight distances and the polyandrous mating system make it challenging to preserve honey bee subspecies in an open conservation area where intruders can fly in (Neumann et al. 1999). It is therefore necessary to regularly control the genetic ancestry of new or superseded colonies.This work was financed by FEDER (Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional) through the program COMPETE 2020–POCI (Programa Operacional para a Competitividade e Internacionalização) and by Portuguese funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) in the framework of the project BeeHappy (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029871). Melanie Parejo was supported by a mobility fellowship awarded from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) do not rely on indicators of parental abilities when searching for host nests: the importance of host defenses

[EN]There is widespread evidence that individuals within and among host populations are not evenly parasitized by Common Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus). We first investigated whether the song and nest size of a host species, the Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), reveal information on parental abilities and level of defense against Common Cuckoos. Second, we analyzed whether female Common Cuckoos’ preference for host nests is predicted by the degree of song expression and the nest size of the host. Earlier-breeding hosts built bigger nests, were more active singers, and had less rich syllable repertoires than late breeders. Host nestlings raised in a big nest received more feedings than those raised in a small nest. Host males that were active singers were paired with females that built bigger nests. All host pairs rejected nonmimetic artificial eggs, but those with a big nest were more prone to reject natural Common Cuckoo eggs. Thus, Great Reed Warbler pairs with a big nest were more willing to feed nestlings, but also had higher discriminatory abilities against Common Cuckoo eggs, than those with a small nest. These findings, and female Common Cuckoos’ inability to capture the information provided by Great Reed Warblers’ sexual signals, may explain why the females followed a simple rule of selecting the more visible host nests in the population.[ES]Existe abundante evidencia de que los individuos dentro y entre poblaciones hospederas no son parasitados de manera uniforme por Cuculus canorus. Primero, investigamos si el canto y el tamaño del nido de una especie hospedera, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, otorga información sobre las habilidades parentales y el nivel de defensa en contra de C. canorus. Segundo, analizamos si la preferencia de las hembras de C. canorus por los nidos hospederos es predicha por el grado de expresión del canto y el tamaño del nido del hospedero. Los hospederos que criaron más temprano construyeron nidos más grandes, fueron cantantes más activos y presentaron repertorios menos ricos en sílabas que los individuos que criaron más tarde. Los pichones de los hospederos criados en nidos grandes recibieron más alimento que aquellos criados en nidos pequeños. Los machos hospederos que fueron cantantes activos se aparearon con las hembras que construyeron nidos más grandes. Todas las parejas de hospederos rechazaron los huevos artificiales no miméticos, pero aquellas con nidos grandes fueron más propensas a rechazar los huevos naturales de C. canorus. Así, las parejas de A. arundinaceus con nidos grandes estuvieron más dispuestas a alimentar a los pichones de C. canorus, pero también presentaron mayores habilidades para discriminar sus huevos, que aquellas parejas con nidos pequeños. Estos resultados, y la incapacidad de la hembra de C. canorus de captar la información suministrada por las señales sexuales de A. arundinaceus, pueden explicar por qué las hembras siguieron una regla simple de seleccionar los nidos hospederos más visibles de la población.The study was supported by the Hungarian National Research Fund (OTKA, grant no. T48397 to C.M.) and by a bilateral grant from the Spanish and Hungarian governments (TéT, grant no. E-23/2005 to J.M.A. and C.M.)Peer reviewe