Análisis de la variabilidad temporal de la infiltración en un gradiente de degradación de usos del suelo en el Pirineo central

20 págs, 4 figs, 5 tablas[ES] Se analiza
 la 
capacidad
 de
 infiltración
 con
 respecto
 a
 las
 condiciones
 físicas
 superficiales
(humedad
 y
 resistencia
 mecánica)
de
 suelos
 en
 el 
Pirineo 
Central,
considerando tres
 escenarios:
bosque
 natural,
campos abandonados
 y
 cárcavas.
El
 estudio
 se
 ha
 realizado
 en
 tres
 cuencas
 experimentales
(San
 Salvador, 
Arnás
 y Araguás)
situadas 
en 
un 
contexto 
geográfico,
 geológico
 y 
climático
 similar.
La
 información
 se
 ha
 obtenido mediante 
ensayos
 con
 un
 infiltrómetro 
de
 doble
 anillo 
entre
 otoño
 de
 2008
 y
 verano
 de 
2009.
 Los 
resultados
 sugieren 
cierto
 efecto
 de
 las 
condiciones
 físicas
 previas 
sobre
 la capacidad 
de
 infiltración.
Sin 
embargo,
el
 uso
 del
 suelo
 y 
la orientación
 de
 las
 laderas
(N‐S) se 
han
 revelado
 los factores más
 determinantes. Esto
 se
 relaciona
 con
 la
 variabilidad
 estacional del 
estado 
físico
 antecedente
 y
 su
 dinámica
 durante
 los
 ensayos.
 Las 
diferencias 
de la
 infiltración
 asociada
 a
 la 
orientación
 de
 las
 laderas
 incluso
 pueden
 superar
 a
 las observadas 
entre
 usos
 del
 suelo.[EN] The
 infiltration
 capacity
 has
 been
 analysed
 related 
to
 the
 variation 
of
 surface
 physical
 conditions
(moisture and 
mechanical
r esistance)
of 
soils
 from
 the
 Central
 Spanish
 Pyrenees,
taking 
into
 account
 the
 most
 representative
 situations
 of
 land
 uses
 and
 vegetal
 covers.
The
 study
 was
 carried 
out
 in
 three
 experimental catchments,
each
 representative
 of
 different
 environments
 in
 terms
 of
 soil
 use
 and
 vegetation
 cover: forested
(San
 Salvador),
field
 abandonment
 (Arnás)
and
 badlands
(Araguás).
The
 three
 catchment s
are 
located
 near by
 and 
have
 similar
 geologica l
and
 climatic
 conditions.
 The
 study
 was
 done
 through
 experimental infiltration
s et s
using
 a
 big
 double
ring
 instrument
(50
 cm 
water
 column
 height.
 Experiments 
were
 performed
 from
 autumn
 2008 
to
summer
 2009.
The
 infiltration
 process
 was
 analysed 
on 
six
 land
 uses 
situations:
bare regolith,
grass
c overed
 regolith,
north‐facing
 slope 
in
 forested 
soil,
south‐facing
 slope
in
 forested soil,
north‐facing
 slope
 in
 meadow
 soil 
and
south‐facing
 slope
 in 
pasture
 soil.
 Before and
after
 each
 experiment
 soil
 was
 sampled
 in
 order
 to 
estimate 
moisture 
content 
(0‐1,
0‐5
 and
 5‐10
 cm
 depth)
and 
surface mechanical
 resistance
 was
 measured
 with
 the
 help
 of
 a
 pocket 
penetrometer,
providing
 an 
idea
a bout 
previous 
conditions
 and 
its
 variation.
 The
 results
 suggest
 a
 certain
 effect 
of 
moisture 
conditions 
on
 infiltration capacity. 
However,
 soil
 use
 and 
slope
 exposition
(North 
and
 South)
seem
 to 
be
 the
 most
 determinant
 factors.
This 
is
 related
 to
 the
 seasonal 
variability
 of antecedent
 soil
 conditions
 and 
its 
dynamics
 during
 the
experiments.
 The
 differences 
on
 infiltration
 capacity
 associated
 with
 slope
e xposition
 can 
be
 higher 
than those
 observed
 between
 land
 uses.Este
 estudio
 se 
ha financiado 
mediante
 fondos
del
 proyecto 
CETSUS
 (CGL2007‐66644‐C04‐01/HID)
del
 Plan Nacional 
I+D+I
 2004‐207
(Ministerio
 de
 Ciencia
e
 Innovación).
El
 mantenimiento
 y
 parte
 de
 la
monitorización de
 las 
cuencas
 experimentales
 se
 ha
 logrado 
a
partir
 de la
 financiación
 proporcionada
 por
 el
 convenio
RESEL (Ministerio
 del
 Medio
Ambiente‐CSIC). E.
Nadal‐Romero y 
N.
Lana‐Renault 
contaron
 durante 
2009
 y
 2010
con
 un contrato postdoctoral
 del
 Ministerio
 de
Ciencia 
e 
Innovación,
mediante
 el
 Programa
Nacional
 de
 Movilidad
 de Recursos
 Humanos
 del
 Plan
 nacional
 de
 I‐D+I
 2008‐2011 
y
 en
 la
actualidad
 están
 contratadas
 gracias
 al
 programa
 Postdoctoral
 Juan
 de
 la
 Cierva
 (Ministerio
 de Ciencia 
e
 Innovación).Peer reviewe

La investigación hidrogeomorfológica en cuencas experimentales de montaña media en el Pirineo Central (1996-2014)

10 páginasPeer reviewe

Aportaciones de las TIC a la práctica coral inclusiva

La integración de recursos tecnológicos en un coro inclusivo constituido por personas con y sin diversidad funcional, y en las que un grupo importante no posee conocimientos musicales, ha supuesto una realidad en estos últimos años. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el uso y aportaciones que ofrece esta tecnología en el aprendizaje autónomo del repertorio en los integrantes de dicha agrupación coral. Mediante un estudio de caso en el que se han utilizado como instrumentos un cuestionario ad hoc, el grupo de discusión y las entrevistas semi-estructuradas, se ha realizado un análisis temático del discurso y la comparación y triangulación de la información obtenida de las diferentes fuentes analizadas. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en relación con la utilización de los recursos tecnológicos ofrecidos por el coro, los objetivos y beneficios de su uso, así como los recursos existentes y la propuesta de nuevas herramientas que favorezcan el proceso de aprendizaje. Se destaca la función de la tecnología como recurso indispensable para la correcta evolución del coro, complementando la formación presencial. Su potencial para el trabajo individual autónomo, su adaptación a las necesidades individuales de cada miembro, su ubicuidad y facilidad de uso y la variabilidad en cuanto al tipo de recursos a ofrecer y dispositivos con los que utilizarlos son algunas de las características más destacables que permiten la transferencia a otros contextos y realidades educativas y formativas. Resulta necesario seguir profundizando en esta línea de investigación para que la inclusión sea una realidad en nuestra sociedad y se pueda ofrecer una formación adaptada a las características y necesidades de cada persona; y en este sentido la tecnología se presenta como una herramienta de gran potencial

Linking land cover changes in the subalpine and montane belts to changes in a torrential river.

Channel cbanges are the consequence of cbanges in sediment yield from the slopes and in the connectivity between slopes and channels bccause of distinct land use and climate inJpacts. In Ibis study, we investigated the characteristics and evolution of a short reach in the headwater of the !juez River, central-soutbem Pyrenees. Assessment of a series of sedimentar)' and geomorphic structures confirtned major cbanges to the valley boUom, mainly related to changes in the intensity of human activity. 'The oldest sedimentar)' structure is a terrace leve! located 3 10 4 m above the current alluvial plain. General deforestation, overgrazing and recwring tires in the montane belt ( 1100-1600 m a.sJ.) have led 10 increased soil erosioo and connectivity, and to tbe triggering of debris llows thal have been deposited on the fluvial tmace. Woody fragments from within the debris llows were dated using acceleraror mass spectrOmetry '"e radiocaroon tcchniques (AMS), yielding ages between 1 00 and 115 cal years BP, whicb coincides with tbe period of maximum deforestalion and human density in the Pyrenees. Depopulation and fannland abaodonment since tbe beginning of tbe 2001 oenrury has resulled in generalliJcod natural and artificial reforestation, a shrinkage of the eroded arcas aod a decline in connectivi¡y bdween slopes and the channel. 1be rnost impor1an1 consequence has been cbannel incision and oarrowing, and the development of a sedimed annour !ayer. Active sedimenl b8llSpOI1 is continui.Qg, although there has been a decrease in sed.iment yield from the slopes. Copyright O 2014 John Wiley & Soos, Ltd

miRNA in situ hybridization in circulating tumor cells - MishCTC

irculating tumor cells (CTCs) must be phenotypically and genetically characterized before they can be utilized in clinical applications. Here, we present the first protocol for the detection of miRNAs in CTCs using in situ hybridization (ISH) combined with immunomagnetic selection based on cytokeratin (CK) expression and immunocytochemistry. Locked-Nucleic Acid (LNA) probes associated with an enzyme-labeled fluorescence (ELF) signal amplification approach were used to detect miRNA-21 in CTCs. This protocol was optimized using both epithelial tumor (MDA-MB468) and epithelial non-tumor (MCF-10A) cell lines, and miRNA-21 was selected as the target miRNA because of its known role as an onco-miRNA. Hematopoietic cells do not express miRNA-21; thus, miRNA-21 is an ideal marker for detecting CTCs. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 25 cancer patients and these samples were analyzed using our developed protocol. Of the 25 samples, 11 contained CTCs. For all 11 CTC-positive samples, the isolated CTCs expressed both CK and miRNA-21. Finally, the protocol was applied to monitor miRNA-21 expression in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced MCF-7 cells, an epithelial tumor cell line. CK expression was lost in these cells, whereas miRNA-21 was still expressed, suggesting that miRNA-21 might be a good marker for detecting CTCs with an EMT phenotype.JJDM thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (Grant CTQ2012-34778). This research was partially supported by Marie Curie Career Integration Grants within the 7th European Community Framework Program (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG-Project Number 294142 to RMSM and FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG-Project Number 322276 toJJDM). Thisresearch wasalso partially supported by Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucı ́ a (PI0294-2012)

Circulating tumor cells criteria (CyCAR) versus standard RECIST criteria for treatment response assessment in metastatic colorectal cancer patients

The use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as indicators of treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) needs to be clarified. The objective of this study is to compare the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) with the Cytologic Criteria Assessing Response (CyCAR), based on the presence and phenotypic characterization of CTCs, as indicators of FOLFOX–bevacizumab treatment response. We observed a decrease of CTCs (42.8 vs. 18.2%) and VEGFR positivity (69.7% vs. 41.7%) after treatment. According to RECIST, 6.45% of the patients did not show any clinical benefit, whereas 93.55% patients showed a favorable response at 12 weeks. According to CyCAR, 29% had a non-favorable response and 71% patients did not. No significant differences were found between the response assessment by RECIST and CyCAR at 12 or 24 weeks. However, in the multivariate analysis, RECIST at 12 weeks and CyCAR at 24 weeks were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02–0.58 and HR: 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.99 respectively). CyCAR results were comparable to RECIST in evaluating the response in mCRC and can be used as an alternative when the limitation of RECIST requires additional response analysis techniques.This work was supported by Roche Spain and a Ph.D. grant from the University of Granada

Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose and/or Hemoglobin A1c 5.7% to 6.4%: Evidence for a Gradient According to Diagnostic Criteria. The PREDAPS Study

It has been suggested that the early detection of individuals with prediabetes can help prevent cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the current study was to examine the cardiometabolic risk profile in patients with prediabetes according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) criteria. Cross-sectional analysis from the 2022 patients in the Cohort study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS Study) was developed. Four glycemic status groups were defined based on American Diabetes Association criteria. Information about cardiovascular risk factors-body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glomerular filtration-and metabolic syndrome components were analyzed. Mean values of clinical and biochemical characteristics and frequencies of metabolic syndrome were estimated adjusting by age, sex, educational level, and family history of diabetes. A linear trend (P < 0.001) was observed in most of the cardiovascular risk factors and in all components of metabolic syndrome. Normoglycemic individuals had the best values, individuals with both criteria of prediabetes had the worst, and individuals with only one-HbA1c or FPG-criterion had an intermediate position. Metabolic syndrome was present in 15.0% (95% confidence interval: 12.6-17.4), 59.5% (54.0-64.9), 62.0% (56.0-68.0), and 76.2% (72.8-79.6) of individuals classified in normoglycemia, isolated HbA1c, isolated FPG, and both criteria groups, respectively. In conclusion, individuals with prediabetes, especially those with both criteria, have worse cardiometabolic risk profile than normoglycemic individuals. These results suggest the need to use both criteria in the clinical practice to identify those individuals with the highest cardiovascular risk, in order to offer them special attention with intensive lifestyle intervention programs

Los efectos geoecológicos del cambio global en el Pirineo Central español: una revisión a distintas escalas espaciales y temporales

We review the effects of climate variability and land use / land cover changes in the Central Spanish Pyrenees at different spatial and temporal scales. Paleoclimatic studies based upon multi-proxy analyses of lacustrine, glacial and speleothematic deposits, among others, have demonstrated the occurrence of intense climatic fluctuations not only during the Late Upper Pleistocene associated to deglaciation, but also during the Holocene, affecting plant cover distribution, runoff generation, flood frequency, and the spatial organization of human activities, particularly during the 8.2 event, the Bronze Age, the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. The study of the impact of human activity on landscape dynamics during the last 150 years has revealed dramatic changes in plant cover structure and distribution, in both the montane and the sub-alpine belts and, consequently, changes in runoff generation, soil erosion intensity, and sediment sources, whatever the spatial scale used. In general, the maximum human pressure on the territory was reached during the middle of the 19th century, with the cultivation of most of the south-facing slopes up to approximately 1650 m a.s.l., and the frequent use of fire to control shrub colonization, resulting in intense soil erosion and degradation processes, as well as the development of braided rivers with a high torrentiality. Farmland abandonment since the beginning of the 20th century (and, particularly, since the 1960s) and the declining livestock pressure have favoured plant recolonization, with the expansion of shrubs and forests in the old cultivated and grazing areas, the human-induced reforestation of large hillslopes, and the treeline upward in the subalpine belt, in this latter case with the contribution of climate warming. The most outstanding consequences of such an evolution have been: (i) the sustained decline of discharge in the Pyrenean rivers since the 1970s because of increasing actual evapotranspiration; (ii) the spatial shrinkage of sediment source areas; (iii) the increasing uncoupled geomorphic dynamics between hillslopes and channels; (iv) the decreasing importance of snow accumulation and snowmelt processes in the fluvial regime of the Pyrenean rivers, with earlier onset of the high spring discharges; (v) the changes in reservoir hydrological dynamics and the need for new management policies; and (vi) the increasing scouring processes that affect most of the Pyrenean rivers. The studies carried out on Global Change and its consequences in the Central Pyrenees confirm the extreme complexity of interactions occurring in the natural systems, and the quick response of plant cover, runoff generation and soil erosion as a consequence of climatic and land use changes.Se revisan los efectos de la evolución del clima y los cambios de uso del suelo / cubierta vegetal en el Pirineo Central español a diferentes escalas espaciales y temporales. Los estudios paleoclimáticos, basados en análisis multiproxy de sedimentos lacustres, glaciares, espeleotémicos y registros dendrológicos, entre otros, han demostrado la ocurrencia de importantes fluctuaciones climáticas durante la deglaciación de finales del Pleistoceno Superior y durante el Holoceno, afectando a la distribución de la vegetación, la generación de escorrentía, la frecuencia de avenidas y las formas de organización del espacio por parte de las sociedades humanas, en particular durante el evento 8.2, la Edad del Bronce, la Anomalía Climática Medieval y la Pequeña Edad del Hielo. El estudio del impacto de las actividades humanas sobre la dinámica del paisaje en el último siglo y medio ha revelado cambios espectaculares en la estructura y distribución de la vegetación, tanto en el piso montano como en el subalpino y, consecuentemente, cambios en la generación de escorrentía, la intensidad de la erosión del suelo y las fuentes de sedimento, cualquiera que sea la escala espacial a la que se contempla el problema. De forma general puede afirmarse que a mediados del siglo XIX se alcanza la máxima presión sobre el territorio, cultivándose todas las laderas posibles hasta una altitud aproximada de 1650 m s.n.m. y empleando frecuentemente el fuego para limitar la expansión de matorrales en zonas de pastos, lo que dio lugar a intensos procesos de erosión y degradación del suelo, y al desarrollo de ríos trenzados con una elevada torrencialidad. Posteriormente, el abandono de tierras de cultivo desde comienzos del siglo XX (y, en especial, desde la década de 1960) y el descenso de la presión ganadera han favorecido la revegetación de las antiguas áreas de cultivo y pastos bien por avance de formaciones naturales de matorral y bosque, bien por la reforestación artificial de extensas laderas, ascendiendo el treeline en el piso subalpino, en este último caso ayudado además por el incremento de la temperatura. Las consecuencias más destacadas de esta evolución han sido: (i) el descenso sostenido del caudal de los ríos pirenaicos desde la década de 1970 debido al aumento de la evapotranspiración; (ii) la contracción espacial de las áreas fuente de sedimento; (iii) la creciente desconexión entre laderas y cauces; (iv) el peso decreciente de la nieve en el régimen de los ríos pirenaicos, con un adelanto en la ocurrencia del momento de aguas altas primaverales; (v) los cambios en la dinámica de llenado de los embalses que han obligado a introducir nuevos patrones de gestión de los embalses; y (vi) la incisión de los cauces fluviales en su propia llanura aluvial. Los estudios llevados a cabo en el Pirineo Central durante las tres últimas décadas sobre el Cambio Global y sus consecuencias confirman la complejidad de las interacciones que se producen en los sistemas naturales y la rápida respuesta de la vegetación, la generación de escorrentía y la erosión frente a variaciones del clima y las actividades humanas

World input-output network

Production systems, traditionally analyzed as almost independent national systems, are increasingly connected on a global scale. Only recently becoming available, the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) is one of the first efforts to construct the global multi-regional input-output (GMRIO) tables. By viewing the world input-output system as an interdependent network where the nodes are the individual industries in different economies and the edges are the monetary goods flows between industries, we analyze respectively the global, regional, and local network properties of the so-called world input-output network (WION) and document its evolution over time. At global level, we find that the industries are highly but asymmetrically connected, which implies that micro shocks can lead to macro fluctuations. At regional level, we find that the world production is still operated nationally or at most regionally as the communities detected are either individual economies or geographically well defined regions. Finally, at local level, for each industry we compare the network-based measures with the traditional methods of backward linkages. We find that the network-based measures such as PageRank centrality and community coreness measure can give valuable insights into identifying the key industries