The intention of green products purchasing among Malaysian consumers: a case study of Batu Pahat, Johor

Green product known as environmental friendly product which harmless to the earth and the product that can be recyclable from non-toxic resources.The problems that encourage conduct this research are environmental problem, lack of literature research about the green products purchasing intention and minor companies involved in green production in Malaysia.In order to address this issue, this study aimsto investigate the intention of Malaysian consumer towards purchasing the green product and to identify the relationship between knowledge, eco-label and social influences towards consumer purchase intention. Quantitative method was used to collect data through structured survey questionnaire from 200 shoppers at three selected shopping malls in Batu Pahat, Johor. However, from the 200 questionnaires only 93 were acceptable. The data collected were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 24.0. The findings revealed that the level of mean analysis indicated all items were positively influences consumer purchase intention. Besides, the spearmen correlation coefficient test showed that knowledge, eco-label and social influences were positively significant with consumer purchase intention

Impaired Hyperglycemia-Induced Delay in Gastric Emptying in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Deficient for Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

OBJECTIVE—Slowing of gastric emptying by hyperglycemia, a physiological response to minimize postprandial hyperglycemia, may be impaired in patients with type 1 diabetes. The causes and consequences on glucose homeostasis are unknown

Logistics in the competitive environment of e-commerce: a scenario-planning framework for uncertain futures

Within the freight industry, ocean and air freight alone are solely responsible for facilitating 90% of global trade. This has been reinforced by the rise in e-commerce shipping demand, which is only expected to grow further in time. External forces acting on the freight industry have often led to a highly volatile shipping environment, which have seen both carriers and shippers impacted by unforeseen circumstances. During the pandemic, governmental regulations resulted in large-scale supply chain disruptions that saw shippers struggle to maintain lead times with their shipments, while carriers generally profited on the back of a surge in demand. On the flipside, the recent market trajectory has pointed to a general decline in freight rates as shippers hold on to inventory, largely employing a “just-in-case” model. However, questions remain on the type of uncertainties that the freight market could be subject to in the near future. As more businesses make the digital pivot to e-commerce, there is a need for sellers to understand the trends in the freight market and how they could affect future supply chain mechanisms. This report ultimately aims to consolidate general market trends and forces at play on the ocean and air freight industries. The consolidation of such factors will serve as input for the scenario planning framework, which will be used to identify some likely situations faced by both shippers and carriers in the e-commerce sector in the future. Relevant strategies and recommendations will then be suggested, which serve to improve clarity for e-commerce participants, with regards to the possibilities in the unknown future.Bachelor of Science (Maritime Studies

Hypoglycemia unawareness in IDDM

OBJECTIVE - To assess the characteristics of patients with hypoglycemia unawareness (development of neuroglycopenia without appropriate prior autonomic warning symptoms) and its predisposing factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We studied 43 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients who were objectively categorized as having or not having hypoglycemia using the stepped hypoglycemic clamp technique in which plasma glucose was clamped at plateaus of 4.3, 3.6, 3.0, and 2.3 mmol/l and a statistical criterion (onset of autonomic warning symptoms at a plasma glucose concentration 2 SD below normal) and examined their clinical characteristics and hormonal, symptomatic, and cognitive responses. RESULTS - Eleven (26%) of the patients were classified as having hypoglycemia unawareness. Compared with the other patients, unaware patients had a lower HbA(1c) level (P < 0.01), a longer duration of diabetes (P < 0.01), and a history of more severe hypoglycemia (P < 0.003). During experimental hypoglycemia, counterregulatory hormone responses, neuroglycopenic symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction all began at lower plasma glucose concentrations in unaware patients (P < 0.01, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, although the magnitudes of their plasma catecholamine responses and autonomic symptoms were reduced (both, P < 0.01), the plasma catecholamine levels at which autonomic symptoms began was not altered. Finally, as seen from glucose infusion rates necessary to maintain identical plasma glucose levels, patients with hypoglycemia unawareness had increased sensitivity to insulin (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS - Our results confirm an association between hypoglycemia unawareness and duration of diabetes, glycemic control, and occurrence of severe hypoglycemia, and in addition provide evidence that both autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms are affected and that insulin sensitivity is increased, but β-adrenergic sensitivity is not diminished

Reduced β-adrenergic sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness

OBJECTIVE - We tested the hypothesis that impaired tissue sensitivity to catecholamines contributes to hypoglycemia unawareness in subjects with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 21 subjects with type 1 diabetes underwent a standardized insulin infusion protocol to produce a stepwise decrease in plasma glucose to 45-min plateaus of 4.3, 3.6, 3.0, and 2.3 mmol/l. Glycemic thresholds, maximum responses for adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms, and counterregulatory hormones were determined. Patients were classified as hypoglycemia unaware if the initiation of adrenergic symptoms occurred at a plasma glucose level 2 SD below that of nondiabetic volunteers. β-Adrenergic sensitivity was measured as the dose of isoproterenol required to produce an increment in heart rate of 25 beats per minute above baseline (I25) in resting subjects. RESULTS - Subjects with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness experienced the onset of adrenergic symptoms at a lower plasma glucose level than did those with awareness (2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l, P < 0.001), whereas neuroglycopenic symptoms occurred at similar glucose levels (2.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.8 ± 0.1 mmol/l). The plasma glucose levels for counterregulatory hormone secretion (epinephrine 2.9 ± 0.2 vs. 4.1 ± 0.2 mmol/l; norepinephrine 2.7 ± 0.1 vs. 3.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l; cortisol 2.5 ± 0.2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P < 0.01) were also lower in subjects with unawareness. The maximal epinephrine (1,954 ± 486 vs. 5,332 ± 1,059 pmol/l, P < 0.01), norepinephrine (0.73 ± 0.14 vs. 1.47 ± 0.21 nmol/l, P = 0.04), and cortisol (276 ± 110 vs. 579 ± 83 nmol/l, P < 0.01) responses were reduced in the unaware group. I25 was greater in unaware subjects than in subjects without unawareness (1.5 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 μg), where I25 was not different from that of controls (0.8 ± 0.2 μg). CONCLUSIONS - We conclude that subjects with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness have reduced β-adrenergic sensitivity, which may contribute to their impaired adrenergic warning symptoms during hypoglycemia

Gender Differences in Kidney Transplantation – 10-Year Retrospective Study

Background: Chronic kidney disease represents a world-wide health problem affecting approximately 195 million women around the world. Risk of development of chronic kidney disease is greater in women; therefore, the World Kidney Day 2018 was dedicated to kidney disease, treatment options, and its specifics in female patients