Daily precipitation intensity projected for the 21st century: seasonal changes over the Pyrenees

A set of climate parameters (mean precipitation, number of wet days, daily intensity, and number of days with more than 50mm rainfall) and a quantile-based approach are used to assess the expected changes in daily precipitation characteristics over the Pyrenees predicted for the 21st century using a set of regional climate models (RCMs). The features of the geographic location and topography of the Pyrenees imply that the climate of the region is highly complex. The results point toward an intensification of extremes, with a generalized tendency toward increasing drought periods, an increasing trend in daily intensity, and an increasing contribution of intense events to total precipitation; however, the results are subject to substantial spatial and seasonal variability, mainly related to the Atlantic-Mediterranean gradient and the longitudinal disposition of the main axis of the rang

Las redes de comunicación para el aprendizaje y la formación docente universitaria

La actual sociedad del conocimiento está demandando un profesorado que sepa trabajar con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación además de saber hacerlo de forma colaborativa. Desde este artículo esbozamos razones para que este tipo de formación sea llevada a cabo por el profesorado universitario, dado que el nuevo horizonte que se dibuja en las instituciones de enseñanza superior demandan un perfil “tecnológico” de sus docentesThe designated society of the knowledge is found demanding a professorship that knows to work with the technologies of the information and the communication in addition to knowing to make it in a way collaborative. From this article we draw reasons so that this type of training will be carried out by the university professorship since the new horizon that is drawn in the teaching institutions superior demand a profile "technological" of their educationa

Compact set of invariants characterizing graph states of up to eight qubits

The set of entanglement measures proposed by Hein, Eisert, and Briegel for n-qubit graph states [Phys. Rev. A 69, 062311 (2004)] fails to distinguish between inequivalent classes under local Clifford operations if n > 6. On the other hand, the set of invariants proposed by van den Nest, Dehaene, and De Moor (VDD) [Phys. Rev. A 72, 014307 (2005)] distinguishes between inequivalent classes, but contains too many invariants (more than 2 10^{36} for n=7) to be practical. Here we solve the problem of deciding which entanglement class a graph state of n < 9 qubits belongs to by calculating some of the state's intrinsic properties. We show that four invariants related to those proposed by VDD are enough for distinguishing between all inequivalent classes with n < 9 qubits.Comment: REVTeX4, 9 pages, 1 figur

Efecto de factores contextuales en la composición corporal de jugadores profesionales de fútbol. Un estudio retrospectivo

La exigencia de las demandas físicas en el fútbol ha evolucionado en los últimos años, poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad de investigar sobre aquellos aspectos que condicionan el rendimiento deportivo. Es por esto que el objetivo de este estudio fue describir la incidencia del entrenamiento individualizado, la compañía en las comidas, la raza y la demarcación sobre las variables antropométricas en jugadores de fútbol profesional. Para ello se desarrolló un estudio retrospectivo sobre 51 jugadores profesionales de la Segunda División B española durante las temporadas de 2015/2016, 2016/2017 y 2017/2018. La valoración antropométrica se realizó bajo las normas técnicas de medición recomendadas por el International Working Group of Kinanthropometry, adoptadas por la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Los resultados revelaron que el entrenamiento individualizado y la compañía en las comidas fueron los factores que más influyeron sobre las variables antropométricas. Los valores de masa grasa y de masa muscular, y el sumatorio de pliegues son sensibles al efecto de la intervención sobre dichos factores. Los mayores niveles de interacción se producen entre la compañía en las comidas y el entrenamiento individualizado, y entre la demarcación y la compañía en las comidas. Considerando la composición corporal como un aspecto a tener en cuenta en el desarrollo del rendimiento, se concluye que la aplicación de ciertos contenidos del entrenamiento según las características individuales y el estilo de vida de los jugadores es un factor que posee una influencia significativa sobre los futbolistas profesionales

Features associated to woody hosts in the bacterial pathogen of olive plants Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi

The causal agent of olive knot disease, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, belongs to the Pseudomonas syringae complex, a bacterial group causing diseases in a broad variety of both woody and herbaceous plant species. Here we summarize our results regarding a set of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi features exclusively found in the genomes of bacteria from the P. syringae complex isolated from woody hosts. Comparative genomics and evolutionary studies allowed us to identify a 15 kb genomic island (WHOP, from woody host and Pseudomonas), carrying a set of genes involved in degradation of phenolic compounds and exclusively found in bacterial pathogens of woody hosts. Deletion of several WHOP-encoded genes in Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 revealed that they play a role in the virulence of the strain in woody olive plants but not in in vitro-grown (nonwoody) plants. In addition, several type III secretion system effectors belonging to the HopAF, HopAO and HopBL families were shown to be clustered across the P. syringae complex according to the woody/herbaceous nature of their host of isolation. Further functional analyses of these virulence factors are needed to facilitate the design of novel strategies directed to control bacterial pathogens of woody hosts.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Comparative Analysis of the Type III Secretion System Effector Repertoires of Pseudomonas savastanoi Pathovars Pathogenic on Woody Hosts

Comunicación de tipo pósterThe species Pseudomonas savastanoi, a member of the Pseudomonas syringae complex, includes four pathovars causing knots or excrescences in woody hosts: P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psv), pv. fraxini (Psf), pv. nerii (Psn) and pv. retacarpa (Psr), comprising isolates from olive, ash, oleander and broom plants, respectively. Pathogenicity of P. savastanoi is dependent, among other factors, on the type III secretion system (T3SS) and its effector (T3E) repertoire. Furthermore, a putative role in the interaction with woody hosts has been suggested for several of these T3E. The recent availability of the genome sequences of several P. savastanoi strains isolated from different hosts has facilitated bioinformatics predictions of their T3SS genes and T3E pools, the study of their distribution in other strains of the P. syringae complex isolated from woody hosts and the functional analysis of several of these secreted proteins. As previously reported for Psv, Psn and Psf, here we show that pathogenicity of Psr ICMP16945, is also dependent on the T3SS. Psv strains NCPPB 3335, ICMP4352 and PseNe107 share a core set of at least 22 T3E, 18 of which are also encoded in Psn ICMP16943, Psf ICMP7711 and Psr ICMP16945. However, these three strains encode truncated versions of 1-2 of these 18 T3E and, Psr ICMP16945 contains three pathovarspecific T3E. Our results also show that several T3E, including HopAO1, are phylogenetically clustered across the P. syringae complex according to the woody/herbaceous nature of their host of isolation, suggesting host specialization of these effectors in this complex.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Atmospheric circulation influence on the interannual variability of snow pack in the Spanish Pyrenees during the second half of the 20th century

12 páginas, 5 figuras, 6 tablas.Large areas in the Spanish Pyrenees are covered by snow between December and April, especially above 1650 m a.s.l., the location of the cold season 0°C isotherm. However, a significant negative trend in Pyrenean snow pack was detected during the second half of the 20th century. This paper analyses the interannual evolution of snow accumulation in these mountains in relation to the variability of atmospheric circulation. The study considers two spatial scales, from weather types over the Iberian Peninsula to hemispheric atmospheric patterns. The results show strong relationships between the annual occurrence of several weather types and spring snow accumulation. Changes in the frequency of several weather types are explained by the evolution of large scale hemispheric circulation patterns, especially the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Thus, the positive trend observed in the NAO index leads to a decrease in the occurrence of types that favour snow accumulation and an increase in unfavourable conditions for snow pack during the second half of the 20th century.This study was supported by the following research projects: PIRIHEROS, REN 2003- 08678/HID, CGL2005-04508/BOS and CANOA, CGL 2004-04919-c02-01, all funded by the CICYT, Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. The research of the authors was supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Spain.Peer reviewe