Inheritance of plant height, spike length and number of spikelets per spike in Durum wheat

Using the line x tester analysis we studied the combining ability and gene effects of plant height, spike length and number of spikelets per spike in durum wheat. The results of the study show that non-additive genes play more important role than additive genes in the inheritance of plant height, number of spikelets per spike in both years and in inheritance of spike length only in the first year of research. Variety Belfugito, the best general combiner for plant height and number of spikelets per spike, combined well in two best hybrids: Belfugito x Alifen and Belfugito x Yavaros 79, and these hybrids may be used in wheat breeding programs. In the majority of the cases, good specific combining ability (SCA) effects were associated with crosses of two genetically divergent parents having at least one parent as a good general combiner

Interventions for children with Developmental Language Disorder that target oral pragmatic language: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the Hows and Whys in single-case design studies

This study presents a review of interventions targeting the oral pragmatic language abilities of children with developmental language disorder (DLD), as well as an overview of the ingredients and teaching techniques used to provide changes, determine the setting and dosage, test the efficacy of the intervention, and measure the quality of the studies. The review adheres to regulations outlined in the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Seven electronic databases were searched using appropriate search terms. Only single-case studies (AB, ABA, interrupted time series, alternating treatment, multiple baseline designs, and non-experimental case designs) were included. All included papers were published between 2006 and 2020. The age range of participants was 3 to 18 years and included participants who were either formally diagnosed with DLD or met the criteria for language disorder. Studies where oral pragmatic language was measured as an outcome variable were included and appraised using Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomised Studies (RoBANS). Eleven studies were included in the final analysis: these studies reported on interventions in the domain of pragmatic language for children with DLD aged 3 to 9 years. Seven of the interventions targeted conversational skills, while the remaining four targeted narrative skills. All studies used prompting or modelling techniques to enhance pragmatic abilities selected for change such as initiation, response, turn-taking, topic management, adaption to listener knowledge, and the ability to build sequences. Several of the children in the studies improved their pragmatic skills after undergoing the intervention, however individual differences were noted. All interventions were carried out in the children’s schools and varied in terms of duration. The quality of the studies included was medium. Due to the diversity observed among the studies regarding oral pragmatic outcome measures that were used to evaluate changes, as well as the ingredients and teaching techniques used, it was difficult to draw precise conclusions about recommendations for practitioners based on the included studies. Although several interventions reported moderate changes in conversational and narrative skills, as well as good social validity, the findings are considered weak because of the lack of ecological validity

Absenteeism due to rheumatic diseases in Osijek a 17-year follow-up

Reumatske bolesti predstavljaju značajan socijalno-medicinski problem čije se dimenzije danas vođenom evidencijom ne mogu u cijelosti sagledati. Godišnje se kod liječnika opće medicine liječi 8 500 do 17 500 stanovnika zbog reumatskih bolesti, a udio radnika u tom broju je značajan (3 800 do 8 200). U strukturi morbiditeta reumatske bolesti su stalno na trećem mjestu i čine 7,9 do 11,1% ukupnog morbiditeta. U strukturi ukupnog apsentizma reumatske bolesti zauzimaju drugo mjesto pokazujući izrazitu tendenciju rasta u zadnjih pet godina (stopa s 9,8 u 1978. godini raste na 15,6% u 1982. god). Na 100 zaposlenih radnika dolazi 150 dana bolovanja u 1976. god. a čak 340 u 1982. godini. Prosječna dužina bolovanja po jednom oboljelom radniku jasno .raste (1976. god. npr. iznosi 17,8 a 1982. god. 27,5 dana). Danas su već općepoznati institucijski oblici zdravstvene zaštite radnika (primarna i tzv. specifična zdravstvena zaštita) i uhodane metode administrativnog praćenja morbiditeta li apsentizma. Podaci nalažu prelazak iz faze praćenja na fazu svjesnog uticaja na smanjenje prevalencije reumatskih bolesti. To se ne može postići bez primjene dispanzerske metode rada (dakle kontinuirane, sveobuhvatne i prije svega aktivne zaštite zdravih i bolesnih) posebno u okviru radne organizacije ili. već na nivou primame zdravstvene zaštite. Utjecaj nepovoljnih faktora radne sredine na nastajanje mnogih reumatskih oboljenja je dobro poznat i samo dispanzerski metod rada omogućava orijentaciju na primarnu prevenciju. Prikazan je morbiditet i apsentizam tokom proteklih 17 godina i dati su prijedlozi koncepta rada primame zdravstvene zaštite u zdravstvenoj zaštiti oboljelih od reumatskih bolesti.Rheumatic diseases represent a considerable social and medical problem. Their dimensions are hard to perceive with the sort of evidence we have today. General practitioners provide treatment to about 8 500-14 500 patients yearly. A considerable number of these patients belong to active working population (3 800-8 200). From the structure of morbidity data in general rheumatic diseases appear to be constantly the third with a percentage of 7.9-11.1. In the overall absenteeism rate rheumatic diseases occupy the second place with a steady tendency of growth m the past five years (9.8% in 1978, 15.6% in 1982). In 1976 the number of days of sick leave because of rheumatic diseases was 150 (average 17.8 days) to every 100 workers and in 1982 this number rose to 340 (average 27.5 days)

Synthesis, antiproliferative and antitrypanosomal activities, and DNA binding of novel 6-amidino-2-arylbenzothiazoles.

A series of 6-amidinobenzothiazoles, linked via phenoxymethylene or directly to the 1,2,3-triazole ring with a p-substituted phenyl or benzyl moiety, were synthesised and evaluated in vitro against four human tumour cell lines and the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. The influence of the type of amidino substituent and phenoxymethylene linker on antiproliferative and antitrypanosomal activities was observed, showing that the imidazoline moiety had a major impact on both activities. Benzothiazole imidazoline 14a, which was directly connected to N-1-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole, had the most potent growth-inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.25 µM) on colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW620), while benzothiazole imidazoline 11b, containing a phenoxymethylene linker, exhibited the best antitrypanosomal potency (IC90 = 0.12 µM). DNA binding assays showed a non-covalent interaction of 6-amidinobenzothiazole ligands, indicating both minor groove binding and intercalation modes of DNA interaction. Our findings encourage further development of novel structurally related 6-amidino-2-arylbenzothiazoles to obtain more selective anticancer and anti-HAT agents

Cross-linguistic adaptations of The Comprehensive Aphasia Test: Challenges and solutions

Comparative research on aphasia and aphasia rehabilitation is challenged by the lack of comparable assessment tools across different languages. In English, a large array of tools is available, while in most other languages, the selection is more limited. Importantly, assessment tools are often simple translations and do not take into consideration specific linguistic and psycholinguistic parameters of the target languages. As a first step in meeting the needs for comparable assessment tools, the Comprehensive Aphasia Test is currently being adapted into a number of languages spoken in Europe. In this article, some key challenges encountered in the adaptation process and the solutions to ensure that the resulting assessment tools are linguistically and culturally equivalent, are proposed. Specifically, we focus on challenges and solutions related to the use of imageability, frequency, word length, spelling-to-sound regularity and sentence length and complexity as underlying properties in the selection of the testing material

Ecological and evolutionary consequences of alternative sex-change pathways in fish

Sequentially hermaphroditic fish change sex from male to female (protandry) or vice versa (protogyny), increasing their fitness by becoming highly fecund females or large dominant males, respectively. These life-history strategies present different social organizations and reproductive modes, from near-random mating in protandry, to aggregate- and harem-spawning in protogyny. Using a combination of theoretical and molecular approaches, we compared variance in reproductive success (V k*) and effective population sizes (N e) in several species of sex-changing fish. We observed that, regardless of the direction of sex change, individuals conform to the same overall strategy, producing more offspring and exhibiting greater V k* in the second sex. However, protogynous species show greater V k*, especially pronounced in haremic species, resulting in an overall reduction of N e compared to protandrous species. Collectively and independently, our results demonstrate that the direction of sex change is a pivotal variable in predicting demographic changes and resilience in sex-changing fish, many of which sustain highly valued and vulnerable fisheries worldwide

Imageability ratings across languages

Imageability is a psycholinguistic variable that indicates how well a word gives rise to a mental image or sensory experience. Imageability ratings are used extensively in psycholinguistic, neuropsychological, and aphasiological studies. However, little formal knowledge exists about whether and how these ratings are associated between and within languages. Fifteen imageability databases were cross-correlated using nonparametric statistics. Some of these corresponded to unpublished data collected within a European research network-the Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists (COST IS1208). All but four of the correlations were significant. The average strength of the correlations (rho = .68) and the variance explained (R (2) = 46%) were moderate. This implies that factors other than imageability may explain 54% of the results. Imageability ratings often correlate across languages. Different possibly interacting factors may explain the moderate strength and variance explained in the correlations: (1) linguistic and cultural factors; (2) intrinsic differences between the databases; (3) range effects; (4) small numbers of words in each database, equivalent words, and participants; and (5) mean age of the participants. The results suggest that imageability ratings may be used cross-linguistically. However, further understanding of the factors explaining the variance in the correlations will be needed before research and practical recommendations can be made

Updated physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment

In this paper, we present the physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment in the standard three flavor scenario using the updated neutrino flux calculated specifically for the ESSnuSB configuration and updated migration matrices for the far detector. Taking conservative systematic uncertainties corresponding to a normalization error of for signal and for background, we find that there is CP violation discovery sensitivity for the baseline option of 540 km (360 km) at . The corresponding fraction of for which CP violation can be discovered at more than is . Regarding CP precision measurements, the error associated with is around and with is around for the baseline option of 540 km (360 km). For hierarchy sensitivity, one can have sensitivity for 540 km baseline except and sensitivity for 360 km baseline for all values of . The octant of can be determined at for the values of: ( and ) for baseline of 540 km (360 km). Regarding measurement precision of the atmospheric mixing parameters, the allowed values at are: () and eV eV ( eV eV) for the baseline of 540 km (360 km)