An investigation of diverticular disease among black patients undergoing colonoscopy at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa

Background. Diverticular disease was previously thought to be non-existent in the black African population. Studies over the past four decades, however, have shown a steady increase in the prevalence of the disease.Objective. To report on the profile and current prevalence of diverticular disease in the black South African (SA) population at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Pretoria, SA.Methods. A retrospective descriptive study was performed in black SA patients who were diagnosed with diverticular disease by colonoscopy between 1 January and 31 December 2015.Results. Of 348 patients who had undergone colonoscopies and who were eligible for inclusion in this study, 47 were diagnosed with diverticular disease – a prevalence of 13.50% (95% confidence interval 10.30 - 17.50). The greatest number of patients diagnosed were in their 7th and 8th decades, with an age range of 46 - 86 (mean 67) years. There was a female predominance of 57.45%. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common (65.96%) indication for colonoscopy. The left colon was most commonly involved (72.34%), followed by the right colon (55.31%). A substantial number of patients had pancolonic involvement (27.65%).Conclusion. This retrospective study suggests that there has been a considerable increase in the prevalence of diverticular disease among black South Africans, possibly owing to changes in dietary habits and socioeconomic status

An investigation of diverticular disease among black patients undergoing colonoscopy at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa

Background. Diverticular disease was previously thought to be non-existent in the black African population. Studies over the past four decades, however, have shown a steady increase in the prevalence of the disease.Objective. To report on the profile and current prevalence of diverticular disease in the black South African (SA) population at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Pretoria, SA.Methods. A retrospective descriptive study was performed in black SA patients who were diagnosed with diverticular disease by colonoscopy between 1 January and 31 December 2015.Results. Of 348 patients who had undergone colonoscopies and who were eligible for inclusion in this study, 47 were diagnosed with diverticular disease – a prevalence of 13.50% (95% confidence interval 10.30 - 17.50). The greatest number of patients diagnosed were in their 7th and 8th decades, with an age range of 46 - 86 (mean 67) years. There was a female predominance of 57.45%. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common (65.96%) indication for colonoscopy. The left colon was most commonly involved (72.34%), followed by the right colon (55.31%). A substantial number of patients had pancolonic involvement (27.65%).Conclusion. This retrospective study suggests that there has been a considerable increase in the prevalence of diverticular disease among black South Africans, possibly owing to changes in dietary habits and socioeconomic status

TRANSFORMASI HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM DI INDONESIA: Telaah Pemikiran Rifyal Ka’bah

This research discusses about Rifyal Ka'bah’s idea on the transformation of  Islamic family law to become the national law. This research focuses on how does Rifyal Ka’bah formulate the methods of the transformation of Islamic family law into national law? What is the influence of  the idea of the transformation to the development of Islamic legal thought in Indonesia? This research is a type library research with qualitative descriptive analysis.This research argues that Rifyal Ka’bah believes that gradual transformation of Islamic family law to become National law is the best way to make Islamic family law going down to earth. This can be performed by the issuance of judge's decision with a fair and consistent attitude. From the perspective of theoretical Islamic law, it is very useful to  use of ra'y and urf as sources of Islamic law after al-Qur’an, Hadis, and Ijma’ through the process of ijtihad jamā'i and tarjih. Rifyal Ka'bah has given significant influences to the emergence of various efforts of Islamic jurists in revising laws and regulations in accordance with the substance contained in Islamic law, jurisprudence guided by judges throughout Indonesia and changes in the mindset judges to apply the theory of diyāni and qaḍā 'i.Penelitian ini mengkaji pemikiran Rifyal Ka’bah dalam mentransformasikan hukum keluarga Islam menjadi hukum Nasional. Permasalahan utamanya: Bagaimana pemikiran dan sikap Rifyal tentang transformasi hukum keluarga Islam? Apakah metode penggalian hukum yang diterapkan Rifyal? Bagaimana posisi dan pengaruh pemikiran Rifyal dalam khazanah pemikiran hukum Islam di Indonesia? Penelitian bertujuan mewujudkan harmonisasi syari’at Islam dengan hukum Nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan penelitian: Pertama, Pemikiran dan sikap Rifyal Ka'bah tentang transformasi hukum keluarga di Indonesia adalah mengubah fikih munakahat menjadi hukum Nasional, yakni memasukkan substansinya berangsur-angsur melalui putusan hakim dengan sikap adil dan konsisten. Kedua, metode penggalian hukum Rifyal Ka'bah adalah pengembangan metodologi uṣul al-fiqh dengan menempatkan ra'yu dan urf sebagai sumber hukum Islam setelah Alquran, hadits dan Ijma’ melalui metode ijtihad jamā'i dan tarjih. Ketiga, Pemikiran Rifyal Ka'bah mempengaruhi berbagai upaya para ahli hukum Islam dalam merevisi hukum dan peraturan sesuai dengan substansi hukum Islam, yurisprudensi yang dipedomani oleh hakim seluruh Indonesia, dan perubahan mindset hakim untuk menerapkan teori diyāni dan qaḍā'i

Influence du materiel semencier sur la croissance et le rendement de l’igname (Dioscorea cayenensis L.) Dans une zone agro-ecologique de la Republique Democratique du Congo

Les racines et les tubercules alimentaires constituent à côté des céréales, la base de l’alimentation dans de nombreux pays tropicaux. La présente étude évalue l’influence du matériel semencier sur la croissance et le rendement de l’igname (Dioscorea cayenensis L.) dans une zone agro-écologique de la République Démocratique du Congo. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc complètement randomisé avec trois répétitions. Le diamètre au collet, le nombre de tubercules par plant, la longueur des tubercules, le poids moyen des tubercules et le rendement en tubercules ont été évalués. Le matériel semencier a été constitué des mini-fragments pré germés des tubercules-mères [poids < 5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-35 (témoin) et > 35 g]. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les différents traitements appliqués ont réduit significativement le diamètre au collet des plants des lots expérimentaux comparativement aux plants témoins. Par contre, les mini-fragments de poids > 35 g n’affectent pas significativement la longueur moyenne des tubercules, le nombre de tubercules par plant et le poids moyen des tubercules. Le rendement en tubercules a diminué  significativement chez les plants issus des mini-fragments de poids < 5 g (28,7 t/ha), 5-10 g (40,3 t/ha) et 10-15 g (44,7 t/ha) excepté les minifragments de poids > 35 g (55,2 t/ha) comparativement aux plants témoins issus des mini-fragments de 15-35 g (56,0 t/ha). Les performances des mini-fragments de poids > 35 g et ceux de poids 15- 35 g prélevés sur la partie sommitale du tubercule-mère permettent d’envisager leur utilisation pour accroitre la production de D. cayenensis dans la zone agro-écologique de Gbadolite, à pluviométrie uni-modale et à sol argilo-sableux.   English title: Influence of seed material on the growth and yield of yam (<I>Dioscorea cayenensis L.</I>) in an agro-ecological area of the Democratic Republic of Congo Food roots and tubers, along with cereals, are the staple food in many tropical countries. This study assesses the influence of seed material on the growth and yield of the yam (Dioscorea cayenensis L.) in an agro-ecological area of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The experimental design is a completely randomized block with three repetitions. The collar diameter, the number of tubers per plant, the average length of the tubers, the average weight of tubers and the yield of tubers were evaluated. The seed material consisted of pre-germinated minissetts of mother tubers [weight <5, 5- 10, 10-15, 15-35 (control) and > 35 g]. The results obtained show that the different treatments applied significantly reduced the collar diameter of the plants in the experimental lots compared to the control plants. On the other hand, the minissetts of weight > 35 g do not  significantly affect the average length of the tubers, the number of tubers per plant and the average weight of the tubers. Tubers yield decreased significantly in plants obtained from the minissetts with weight < 5 g (28.7 t/ha), 5-10 g (40.3 t/ha) and 10-15 g (44.7 t/ha) except the minissetts with weight > 35 g (55.2 t/ha) compared to the minissetts of 15-35 g (56.0 t/ha) (control plants). The performance of the minissetts with the weight > 35 g and those weighing 15-35 g taken from the top part of the mother tuber suggest that they can be used to improve the production of D. cayenensis in the agro-ecological area of Gbadolite, with unimodal rainfall and clay-sandy soil

Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Literasi Sains Tema 9 Menjelajah Angkasa Luar Untuk Kelas VI SDN 6 Ulu Musi Kabupaten Empat Lawang

This study aims to develop LKPD based on scientific literacy. The type of research used is research and development (R & D) modifying by the Sugiyono model adopting 6 steps, namely analysis, planning, design, validation, revision, and testing. The research data were obtained through questionnaires, interview guidelines, validation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The validated aspects include the feasibility of the material, language, presentation and graphics involving 6 validators consisting of experts and practitioners. Validation data were analyzed using the Aiken'V formula and reliability. Data on student responses to LKPD were obtained from the responses of 15 students in class VI. The data is in the form of 'yes' 'no' data which is analyzed by Guttman's theory. Based on the results of research and development, it is concluded that scientific literacy-based worksheets are very suitable to be used in learning Tema 9 Menjelajah Angkasa Luar for class VI SDN 6 Ulu Musi, Kabupaten Empat Lawang

Analisis Spasio-temporal Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (Dbd) Di Kabupaten Gorontalo (Spatio-temporal Analysis of Dengue Health Fever (Dbd) in Gorontalo District)

– Data dan informasi secara spasial dan temporal sangat berguna dalam upaya mengurangi jumlah kejadain DBD di setiap Daerah, dan Kabupaten Gorontalo belum memiliki informasi secara spasial dan temporal mengenai kejadian DBD, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis data dan informasi kejadian DBD di Kabupaten Gorontalo secara spasiotemporal. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Gorontalo.Sebuah perangkat lunak ArcGIS 10.1 diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat secara epidemiologi deskriptif yang disajikan dalam bentuk peta, dan tabel yang kemudian digambarkan secara tumpang susun dengan data kejadian DBD melalui sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam enam tahun terakhir, sejak Tahun 2010 hingga Tahun 2016 Kabupaten Gorontalo mengalami KLB DBD di Kecamatan Limboto, kemudian pada tahun 2013-2016 terdapat 9 Kecamatan yang mengalami KLB DBD yakni Kecamatan Telaga, Telaga Jaya, Telaga Biru, Limboto Barat, Tilango, Tibawa, Bilato dan Tabongo yang ditandai oleh peningkatan kasus pada setiap tahun di Wilayah bagian Timur Kabupaten Gorontalo tepatnya berada di area Kawasan Danau Limboto. jika diverivikasi menggunakan data Curah Hujan, Kejadian DBD di Kabupaten Gorontalo pada tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2015 tidak dipengaruhi oleh jumlah Curah Hujan akan tetapi berbeda dengan kejadian DBD pada tahun 2016 yang justru dipengaruhi oleh jumlah Curah Hujan yang tinggi. Kata kunci: spasio-temporal, sig, demam berdarah dengue, Gorontal

Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Peta Konsep Dan Metode Ceramah Pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 16 Padang

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 16 Padang pada bulan Mei-Juni 2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 16 Padang sebanyak 292 orang, dengan sampel 73 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Jenis data adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan Uji Z, sebelum tes diberikan terlebih dahulu soal tes diuji cobakan, kemudian hasil uji coba dianalisis reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran dan daya beda soal tersebut. Selanjutnya untuk menguji perbedaan hasil belajar dipakai Uji Z dengan a = 0,05. Hasil analisa data rata-rata nilai Posttest kelas eksperimen 81,28 dengan standar deviasi 6,95 sedangkan untuk kelas kontrol nilai rata-rata Posttest diperoleh dengan rata-rata 76,46 standar deviasi 5,46 Dari hasi uji hipotesis diperoleh Zhitung = 3,29 dan Ztabel = 1,96 berarti Zhitung > Ztabel sehingga hipotesis alternatif dapat diterima. Artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, dimana kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata hasil belajar ekonomi lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol. Dalam hal ini perbedaan tersebut diyakini sebagai pengaruh dari perlakuan yang diberikan pada kelas eksperimen berupa proses pembelajaran dengan metode peta konsep. Untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 16 Padang, disarankan kepada guru ekonomi agar mempertimbangkan untuk menggunakan metode peta konsep disamping metode ceramah

Comparative mechanical properties study of resin infusion versus hand laminating for the construction of 12-ft fishing boat

Resin Infusion is widely used to produce fiber-reinforced materials. In the process, the resin enters a close mold containing the dry fiber performed by pressure difference. This study is about finding the comparison of the tensile strength, compression strength and flexural strength between resin infusion technique and conventional hand laminating for the construction of a 12-feet fishing boat. Both boat were applied with the same composite matrices. All testing was done in accordance to the standard ASTM D3039, D3039M, ASTM D695-02a and ASTM D790-07. The result showed that the resin infusion technique produced better result upon ultimate tensile strength (27% better) but slightly less satisfactory for in compressive stress (12% lower) and flexural stress (34% lower). Even though resin infusion was only better in tensile strength, physically the product is more lightweight with a better resin-to-fiber ratio

Measurement of the electron transmission rate of the gating foil for the TPC of the ILC experiment

We have developed a gating foil for the time projection chamber envisaged as a central tracker for the international linear collider experiment. It has a structure similar to the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) with a higher optical aperture ratio and functions as an ion gate without gas amplification. The transmission rate for electrons was measured in a counting mode for a wide range of the voltages applied across the foil using an $^{55}$Fe source and a laser in the absence of a magnetic field. The blocking power of the foil against positive ions was estimated from the electron transmissions.Comment: 25 pages containing 14 figures and 1 tabl