Procesos para la obtención de aditivos alimentarios a partir de residuos de la industria agroalimentaria gallega

La OTRI del Centro Tecnológico Nacional de la Conserva y Alimentación junto con la OTT del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, colaboran en el Proyecto AGROCSIC, el cual fue aprobado por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología y financiado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. El objetivo principal de esta nueva actuación es estudiar las distintas líneas de trabajo de los Centros del CSIC relacionadas con la alimentación, para transferir sus resultados al sector industrial.La inmensa producción de residuos que supone la normal actividad del hombre es uno de los principales problemas con los que nos encontramos en la actualidad. Por ello se hace necesaria la búsqueda de procesos que permitan utilizar estos residuos para diversas aplicaciones, con lo cual se podrían obtener además importantes ingresos económicos, ya que esta posibilidad crea nuevas fuentes de riqueza que aportan una mayor rentabilidad al proceso industrial de partida.Los autores agradecen al Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (PPQ2000-0688-C05) y a la Xunta de Galicia (PGIDT00 AGR20901PR, incentivos al Proyecto PPQ 2000-0688-C05 y proyecto PGIDIT02AL 40201PR) la financiación concedida.Peer reviewe

Evaluación Formativa en Educación Superior: Impacto en Estudiantes con Ansiedad a las Matemáticas

AbstractOur objective was to implement and evaluate a formative assessment system in a mandatory course of the degree in Psychology. With this system, students received feedback from the tests they performed. We found a positive correlation between feedback classes’ attendance and students’ grades. The correlation between math anxiety and course's performance was not significant, suggesting that feedback could have helped to reduce the negative impact of math anxiety on performance

Onto the sense of smell in macaws, amazons and toucans: can they use volatile cues of fruits to make foraging decisions?

Over the past decades, empirical evidence has been accumulated indicating that olfactory information plays a fundamental role in bird life history. Nonetheless, many aspects of avian olfaction remain poorly understood. Our purpose was to broaden the knowledge about the importance of the sense of smell in some neglected bird groups: psittaciformes and ramphastids, and to compare how the response varied between the species. Because of the lack of information about the use of chemical cues for locating food in fruit-eating species, we also aimed to delve into this question. We conducted a 3-choice (water/vinegar/papaya and banana juice) scent test in 5 Costa Rican native species: scarlet macaw (Ara macao), red-lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis), yellow-naped amazon (Amazona auropalliata), keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus), and yellow-throated toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus). Results revealed that macaws and toucans allocated significantly more time to interacting with the fruit scent container, indicating that these species can perceive the volatile chemicals emitted by ripe fruits and that they can use this information to make foraging decisions. However, amazons did not dedicate more time to interact with the fruit treatment. Our research provides the first evidence of the ability to exploit chemical volatile cues in macaws and toucans.The experiments were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of each institution at which the studies were conducted, with Costa Rica animal welfare law n°7451/1994 and with the Spanish Government RD 53/201

Promoting higher added value to a finfish species rejected to sea

332 páginas.-- José Ramón Fuertes ... et al.This project aimed to the development of the research and the technology necessary to promote higher added value to fishing activity. This is to be achieved by obtaining profit from a finfish species (“Rockcod”, Patagonotothen spp.) not known to consumers and currently discarded by the EU fishing fleet operating in the South West Atlantic, in order to supply the EU seafood industry with a good quality raw material for human food manufacturing. Use of this species, caught as a by-catch in the existing fisheries targeting hakes and cephalopods, should also increase the profitability of the fleet, contribute to maintaining employment and help to counterbalance the negative effects of fishing activity and discards in the ecosystem. The main scientific-technological objectives and expected achievements were the following: - Description of the fisheries - Improved knowledge of the biology of the species - Biomass assessment - Estimation of catches and discards - Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the resource. Fishery forecasting and testing - Sensorial, Microbiological, Nutritional and Biochemical Evaluation of Rock cod - Development of the technical modifications on board commercial vessels - Development of new processed products from frozen Rock codContract number Q5CR-2002-71709Peer reviewe

Responses of a native and a recent invader snail to warming and dry conditions: the case of the lower Ebro River

Aquatic habitats have been highly modified by human actions that reduce their native diversity and create conditions suitable for tolerant alien species. Pomacea maculata was detected in 2009 in both the alluvial plain and the final stretch of the Ebro River. Since then, a permanent population has stabilized in the littoral area of the river where the water level fluctuates according to the river discharge. Melanopsis tricarinata is an endemic snail species highly affected by the reduction in its natural habitat. Currently, the two species do not share the same reaches in the river, but the possibility exists, as the distribution of the P. maculata is constantly increasing. This study aims to analyse the diets and to assess the responses of both snails to global change. The diet of both species was analysed in the field and their responses to water warming and dryness compared under laboratory conditions. This study includes the calculation of future river water temperatures based on air temperature projections. In addition, based on water discharge management scenarios, the study estimated the increase in dry river bed area. The diet of both snail species was similar and based on Cladophora. P. maculata better resisted high temperatures and dry conditions than M. tricarinata. The projections of water temperatures showed an increase in daily temperatures, especially in summer. The hydraulic model suggested that a relevant increase in dry river bed areas will occur. Overall, these results provide insight into the global change factors that could favour P. maculata spread in the river and the reduction in suitable habitat for M. tricarinata and will be useful for future decisions of water discharge management

Exciton migration in self-assembled dendrite-type fractal superstructures of monodisperse Quantum Dots

We investigated dendrite shaped superstructures made of two different QDs, namely CdSe/ZnS and CdTe. Due to the dense packing of QDs, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) may compete with deexcitation, and the specific dendrite shaped structure suggests the possibility of funneling of excitation from the edges of the structure to the center.Financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and FEDER through Projects PTDC/FIS/113199/2009 and PEst-C/FIS/UI0607/2013 is gratefully acknowledged

Energy transfer via exciton transport in quantum dot based self-assembled superstructures

We fabricated dendrite-type superstructures of fractal dimension consisting of CdSe/ZnS & CdTe capped nanodots. These structures were studied using microscopic fluorescence intensity imaging as well as spectral and lifetime mapping.FCT Concurso "Ciência 2007"; MAP-Fis Doctoral Programme (Doutoramento FCT)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls

Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. Cork colonisation by Ascomycota remains largely overlooked. Herein, Aspergillus nidulans secretome on cork was analysed (2DE). Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATRFTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). Data showed that the fungus formed an intricate network of hyphae around the cork cell walls, which enabled polysaccharides and lignin superficial degradation, but probably not of suberin. The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5--L-arabinosidase). Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. In addition, cork recalcitrance was corroborated by the identification of several protein species which are associated with autolysis. Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. However the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork might explain the increase of β-glucosidase in cork secretom

Nichos, cámaras y ceremonias en el templete Tulán-54 (Circumpuna de Atacama, Chile)

Se describen y analizan los contenidos de los nichos-cámaras incluidos en el muro perimetral del templete Formativo Temprano Tulán-54, ubicado al sureste de la Circumpuna atacameña. La identificación, en su gran mayoría de restos óseos de animales, desechos líticos, mineral de cobre, fragmentos cerámicos, la inhumación de un adulto y la ofrenda de un metate, además de una vasija completa del patrón Tilocalar-Los Morros, fechado en 2640 AP (2765 a 2715 cal. AP), indica una coherente relación con los eventos fundacionales del templete. El registro de un infante ubicado en el interior de una cámara sellada vinculada con la arquitectura ceremonial fue fechado en 2600 AP (2750 a 2700 / 2630 a 2620 / 2560 a 2540 cal. AP), en sincronía con el uso de los nichos. Se discute en general la naturaleza y temporalidad de los contextos asociados y se concluye que las evidencias presentadas en los nichos-cámaras estuvieron vigentes durante las tempranas prácticas performáticas del templete.Dans cet article, est décrit et analysé le contenu des niches-chambres insérées dans le mur d’enceinte du temple Formatif Ancien Tulán-54, situé au sud-est de la Circumpuna atacameña, . L’identification de restes d’ossements d’animaux, de débris d’origine lithique, de minerai de cuivre, de fragments de céramique, ainsi que l’inhumation d’un adulte et l’offrande d’un metate, en plus d’un vase complet du type Tilocalar-Los Morros, daté de 2640 AA (2765 à 2715 cal. AA), indiquent une relation cohérente avec les événements fondateurs du temple. La sépulture d’un enfant, trouvée à l’intérieur d’une chambre scellée liée à l’architecture cérémoniale, fut datée de 2600 AA (2750 à 2700 / 2630 à 2620 / 2560 à 2540 cal. AA), période qui coïncide avec l’utilisation des niches. Nous discutons de la nature et de la temporalité des contextes associés et nous concluons que les témoins contenus dans les niches-chambres faisaient partie des premières pratiques performatives du temple.In this article, the contents of the niche-chambers situated within the perimeter wall of the Early Formative temple Tulán-54, located in the south-east of the Circumpuna Atacameña, are described and analyzed. The identification of animal bones, remains of lithic debris, of copper ore and ceramic fragments, as well as the burial of an adult, a metate offering and an entire Tilocalar-Los Morros type vessel, dated to 2640 BP (2765 to 2715 cal BP), indicate a relationship with the temple founding events. An infant burial found inside a sealed chamber of the ceremonial architecture was dated to 2600 BP (2750 to 2700 / 2630 to 2620 / 2560 to 2540 cal. BP), a period synchronous with the use of the niches. The nature and dating of the associated contexts are discussed in general and we reach the conclusion that the evidence found in the niches-chambers was part of the early performance practices of the temple

Análisis de Invarianza y Diferencias de Medias Latentes Entre Adolescentes Americanos, Españoles y Chinos Usando la Escala de Ansiedad Social para Adolescentes (SAS-A)

Background: Social anxiety is one of the most prevalent disorders among adolescents (Stein et al., 2017). The main aim of this study was to analyze the equivalence of scores on the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) using structural equation modeling and identify differences in latent means of social anxiety in China, Spain, and the USA. Method: Random sampling was used to recruit participants, which included 536 Chinese (46% girls), 1,178 Spanish (55.3% girls) and 866 North American (55.1% girls) adolescents. The participants’ ages ranged between 14 and 17 years old. Results: The SAS-A three-factor correlated model of social anxiety remained invariant between the Spanish and North American adolescents, but results could not be replicated in the Chinese adolescents [M2 = ΔS-Bχ2 (Δdf, p) = 4732.56 (36, < .01)]. Analyses of latent differences between Spain and the USA showed that Spanish adolescents had higher scores than North Americans for Fear of Negative Evaluation (TS = -9.630; d = .44) and for Social Avoidance and General Anxiety towards people (TS = -2.717; d = .12). Conclusions: The results are interpreted according to the cultural traits of individualism-collectivism and self-construal, and practical implications are discussed.Antecedentes: la ansiedad social es uno de los trastornos con mayor prevalencia en adolescentes (Stein et al., 2017). Así, el propósito principal de este estudio fue analizar la invarianza de la Escala de Ansiedad Social para Adolescentes (SAS-A) mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y examinar las diferencias de medias latentes en ansiedad social en adolescentes de China, España y EE.UU. Método: los participantes se seleccionaron a través de muestreo aleatorio: 534 chinos (46% chicas), 1.178 españoles (55,3% chicas) y 866 norteamericanos (55,1% chicas), con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 17 años. Resultados: las puntuaciones del modelo de tres factores correlacionados de ansiedad social de la SAS-A resultaron invariantes entre adolescentes españoles y norteamericanos, pero estos resultados no fueron replicados en adolescentes chinos [M2 = ΔS-Bχ2 (Δdf, p) = 4732.56 (36, < .01)]. El análisis de medias latentes entre España y EE.UU. mostró que los adolescentes españoles manifestaban niveles más altos de Miedo ante las evaluaciones negativas (TS = -9.630; d = .44) y Evitación social y ansiedad general hacia las personas (TS = -2.717; d = .12). Conclusiones: estos hallazgos fueron interpretados atendiendo al de individualismo-colectivismo y las concepciones culturales de la propia persona, analizando sus implicaciones prácticas