Trends in dental caries in 12- and 13-year-old schoolchildren from Florianopolis between 1971 and 2009

Aim: To estimate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in schoolchildren from the city of Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, in 2009 and to compare these results with data from previous studies carried out in the same institution since 1971. Methods: All 145 12- and 13-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in a public school were eligible for the study. Dental caries was assessed with the DMFS/DMFT indexes, the significant caries index (SiC) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%). Results: The response rate was 68.2%. The DMFT ranged from 9.2 in 1971 to 0.78 in 2009, although different diagnostic criteria were adopted to estimate these counts. The prevalence of dental caries declined from 98.0% (CI 95% 96.0-100.0) in 1971 to 43.5% (CI 95% 33.7-53.4) in 2009. There was a reduction of 47% in the mean SiC index between 2002 and 2009, i.e. from 3.4 (CI 95% 3.0-3.8) to 1.8 (CI 95% 1.5-2.1). The mean DMFS index was 2.0, and it was composed of an average of 1.8 and 0.2 decayed and filled surfaces, respectively. Conclusions: Even though different diagnostic criteria were adopted during the study period, an effective decline in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in adolescents was observed throughout 38 years of monitoring.Helena Mendes Constante, João Luiz Bastos, Marco Aurélio Pere

Neuroferritinopathy: missense mutation in FTL causing early-onset bilateral pallidal involvement

The authors identified a missense mutation in the FTL gene (474G>A; A96T) in a 19-year-old man with parkinsonism, ataxia, corticospinal signs, mild nonprogressive cognitive deficit, and episodic psychosis. This mutation was also present in his asymptomatic mother and younger brother, who had abnormally low levels of ferritin in the serum. The patient and his mother displayed bilateral involvement of the pallidum.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FCT)/(FEDER) - CBO/33485/99

Humic-like substances from urban waste as auxiliaries for photo-Fenton treatment: a fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC study

[EN] In this work, analysis of excitation-emission-matrices (EEM) has been employed to gain further insight into the characterization of humic like substances (HLS) obtained from urban wastes (soluble bio-organic substances, SBOs). In particular, complexation of these substances with iron and changes along a photo-Fenton process have been studied. Recorded EEMs were decomposed by using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Three fluorescent components were identified by PARAFAC modeling of the entire set of SBO solutions studied. The EEM peak locations (lambda(ex)/lambda(em)) of these components were 310-330 nm/400-420 nm (C1), 340-360 nm/450-500 nm (C2), and 285 nm/335-380 nm (C3). Slight variations of the maximum position of each component with the solution pH were observed. The interaction of SBO with Fe(III) was characterized by determining the stability constants of the components with Fe(III) at different pH values, which were in the order of magnitude of the ones reported for humic substances and reached their highest values at pH = 5. Photochemical experiments employing SBO and Fe(III), with and without H2O2, showed pH-dependent trends for the evolution of the modeled components, which exhibited a strong correlation with the efficiency reported for the photo-Fenton processes in the presence of SBO at different pH values.This work was supported by Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d'Ecuacio, Cultura i esport, Spain (GV/2015/074), Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R) and by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange project funded by the European Commission H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 (Project number: 645551). F. S. G. E. and L. C. are researchers from CONICET, Argentina.García-Ballesteros, S.; Constante, M.; Vicente Candela, R.; Mora Carbonell, M.; Amat Payá, AM.; Arques Sanz, A.; Carlos, L.... (2017). Humic-like substances from urban waste as auxiliaries for photo-Fenton treatment: a fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC study. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 16:38-45. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6pp00236fS384516Malato, S., Fernández-Ibáñez, P., Maldonado, M. I., Blanco, J., & Gernjak, W. (2009). Decontamination and disinfection of water by solar photocatalysis: Recent overview and trends. Catalysis Today, 147(1), 1-59. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2009.06.018WANG, J. L., & XU, L. J. (2012). Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: Formation of Hydroxyl Radical and Application. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42(3), 251-325. doi:10.1080/10643389.2010.507698Pignatello, J. J., Oliveros, E., & MacKay, A. (2006). 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Degradation of 32 emergent contaminants by UV and neutral photo-fenton in domestic wastewater effluent previously treated by activated sludge. Water Research, 46(6), 1947-1957. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.014Gomis, J., Vercher, R. F., Amat, A. M., Mártire, D. O., González, M. C., Bianco Prevot, A., … Carlos, L. (2013). Application of soluble bio-organic substances (SBO) as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment: Sensitizing effect and photo-Fenton-like process. Catalysis Today, 209, 176-180. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2012.08.036Gomis, J., Carlos, L., Prevot, A. B., Teixeira, A. C. S. C., Mora, M., Amat, A. M., … Arques, A. (2015). Bio-based substances from urban waste as auxiliaries for solar photo-Fenton treatment under mild conditions: Optimization of operational variables. Catalysis Today, 240, 39-45. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2014.03.034Gomis, J., Bianco Prevot, A., Montoneri, E., González, M. C., Amat, A. M., Mártire, D. O., … Carlos, L. (2014). Waste sourced bio-based substances for solar-driven wastewater remediation: Photodegradation of emerging pollutants. Chemical Engineering Journal, 235, 236-243. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.009Avetta, P., Berto, S., Bianco Prevot, A., Minella, M., Montoneri, E., Persico, D., … Arques, A. (2015). Photoinduced transformation of waste-derived soluble bio-based substances. Chemical Engineering Journal, 274, 247-255. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.03.126Gomis, J., Gonçalves, M. G., Vercher, R. F., Sabater, C., Castillo, M.-A., Prevot, A. B., … Arques, A. (2015). Determination of photostability, biocompatibility and efficiency as photo-Fenton auxiliaries of three different types of soluble bio-based substances (SBO). Catalysis Today, 252, 177-183. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2014.10.015Berkovic, A. M., García Einschlag, F. S., Gonzalez, M. C., Pis Diez, R., & Mártire, D. O. (2013). Evaluation of the Hg2+binding potential of fulvic acids from fluorescence excitation–emission matrices. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 12(2), 384-392. doi:10.1039/c2pp25280eStedmon, C. A., & Bro, R. (2008). Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis: a tutorial. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 6(11), 572-579. doi:10.4319/lom.2008.6.572Ishii, S. K. L., & Boyer, T. H. (2012). Behavior of Reoccurring PARAFAC Components in Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural and Engineered Systems: A Critical Review. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(4), 2006-2017. doi:10.1021/es2043504Su, Y., Chen, F., & Liu, Z. (2015). Comparison of optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in alpine lakes above or below the tree line: insights into sources of CDOM. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 14(5), 1047-1062. doi:10.1039/c4pp00478gYang, X., Meng, F., Huang, G., Sun, L., & Lin, Z. (2014). Sunlight-induced changes in chromophores and fluorophores of wastewater-derived organic matter in receiving waters – The role of salinity. 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Fluorescence Inner-Filtering Correction for Determining the Humification Index of Dissolved Organic Matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(4), 742-746. doi:10.1021/es0155276Bahram, M., Bro, R., Stedmon, C., & Afkhami, A. (2006). Handling of Rayleigh and Raman scatter for PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence data using interpolation. Journal of Chemometrics, 20(3-4), 99-105. doi:10.1002/cem.978Ryan, D. K., & Weber, J. H. (1982). Fluorescence quenching titration for determination of complexing capacities and stability constants of fulvic acid. Analytical Chemistry, 54(6), 986-990. doi:10.1021/ac00243a033Yan, M., Fu, Q., Li, D., Gao, G., & Wang, D. (2013). Study of the pH influence on the optical properties of dissolved organic matter using fluorescence excitation–emission matrix and parallel factor analysis. Journal of Luminescence, 142, 103-109. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.02.052Dryer, D. J., Korshin, G. V., & Fabbricino, M. (2008). In Situ Examination of the Protonation Behavior of Fulvic Acids Using Differential Absorbance Spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(17), 6644-6649. doi:10.1021/es800741uGhosh, K., & Schnitzer, M. (1981). Fluorescence Excitation Spectra and Viscosity Behavior of a Fulvic Acid and its Copper and Iron Complexes1. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45(1), 25. doi:10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500010005xLyon, B. A., Cory, R. M., & Weinberg, H. S. (2014). Changes in dissolved organic matter fluorescence and disinfection byproduct formation from UV and subsequent chlorination/chloramination. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 264, 411-419. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.065Poulin, B. A., Ryan, J. N., & Aiken, G. R. (2014). Effects of Iron on Optical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(17), 10098-10106. doi:10.1021/es502670rXu, H., Yan, Z., Cai, H., Yu, G., Yang, L., & Jiang, H. (2013). 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Impaired Prefrontal Synaptic Gain in People with Psychosis and Their Relatives during the Mismatch Negativity

The mismatch negativity (MMN) evoked potential, a preattentive brain response to a discriminable change in auditory stimulation, is significantly reduced in psychosis. Glutamatergic theories of psychosis propose that hypofunction of NMDA receptors (on pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons) causes a loss of synaptic gain control. We measured changes in neuronal effective connectivity underlying the MMN using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), where the gain (excitability) of superficial pyramidal cells is explicitly parameterised. EEG data were obtained during a MMN task—for 24 patients with psychosis, 25 of their first‐degree unaffected relatives, and 35 controls—and DCM was used to estimate the excitability (modeled as self‐inhibition) of (source‐specific) superficial pyramidal populations. The MMN sources, based on previous research, included primary and secondary auditory cortices, and the right inferior frontal gyrus. Both patients with psychosis and unaffected relatives (to a lesser degree) showed increased excitability in right inferior frontal gyrus across task conditions, compared to controls. Furthermore, in the same region, both patients and their relatives showed a reversal of the normal response to deviant stimuli; that is, a decrease in excitability in comparison to standard conditions. Our results suggest that psychosis and genetic risk for the illness are associated with both context‐dependent (condition‐specific) and context‐independent abnormalities of the excitability of superficial pyramidal cell populations in the MMN paradigm. These abnormalities could relate to NMDA receptor hypofunction on both pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, and appear to be linked to the genetic aetiology of the illness, thereby constituting potential endophenotypes for psychosis

Procesos de planificación estratégica de sistemas portuarios: un análisis comparativo de Brasil y España

A pesar de su potente economía, la infraestructura logística de Brasil está por detrás de los países desarrollados, según el Foro Económico Mundial (Informe de Competitividad Global 2015-2016). La calidad de las infraestructuras generales de Brasil se encuentran a nivel mundial en el puesto 123; carreteras en el 121; ferrocarril en el 98; transporte aéreo en el 95 e infraestructura portuaria en el puesto número 120 a nivel mundial. Estas posiciones deberían mejorar para que Brasil pueda mantenerse como una de las mayores economías del mundo en el futuro. En este mismo ranking España ocupa el décimo segundo puesto en el indicador de calidad de puertos. Hay otros temas y atributos que podrían ser utilizados para comparar los sistemas portuarios (como por ejemplo, las habilidades de los trabajadores portuarios, el marco institucional del país o los aspectos macroeconomicos, entre otros). Nuestro objetivo es realizar un análisis comparativo de los sistemas de planificación estratégica portuaria de Brasil y España. Los resultados muestran que estos dos países han establecido sistemas de planificación similares. A pesar de ello, y tal vez debido a los recientes cambios institucionales de Brasil, el sistema portuario brasileño tiene posibilidades de mejora, comparandolo con el español. Una mejor alineación entre la estrategia nacional y local, la transformación de las Autoridades Portuarias que aun no se hayan convertido en sociedades, o el enfoque en la ejecución de la estrategia (mediante el uso de planes de negocios actualizados anualmente) son tres acciones que podemos sugerir a los responsables para la formulación de políticas públicas y directivas de las autoridades portuarias brasileñas

El sistema de poljes de la región de Dystos-Almyropotamos (Isla de Eubea, Grecia): Cartografía y evolución geomorfológica

A geomorphological mapping of a karstic area developed on marblesand schists in the central sector of the island of Eubea is presented. The systemof poljes constitutes the main geomorphological feature. It is related both to the geological structure and to the climatic evolution during the Quaternary. Only three out of the 12 poljes differentiated remain in closed conditions. These depressions display extensive planation surfaces and cones rocheux generated by karstic cryptocorrosion processes during different stages. On the other hand, remnants of older planation surfaces affected by karren and dolines have been identified in the summit areas. Finally, the proposed geomorphological evolutive model is related to other Mediterranean karstic areas.Se presenta la cartografía de la zona kárstica desarrollada sobre mármoles y esquistos del sector central de la isla de Eubea. Destaca en primer lugar el sistema de poljes, relacionados con la estructura geológica y la evolución climática de la isla durante el Cuaternario. De los 12 poljes diferenciados, tres de ellos se mantienen todavía en situación cerrada. Estas depresiones presentan extensos desarrollos de superficies de aplanamiento y conos rocosos generados por procesos de criptocorrosión kárstica en diferentes momentos de su evolución cuaternaria. Por otra parte, las áreas de cumbre aparecen con restos de superficies aplanadas heredadas, afectadas por campos de lapiaz y dolinas. Se propone un modelo evolutivo y se relaciona con otras áreas kársticas del ámbito mediterráneo

Estudio multivariante de la composición de triglicéridos de la grasa subcutánea del cerdo ibérico en relación con la alimentación y el genotipo

The triacylglycerol (TGs) composition of 1, 560 samples of subcutaneous fat of Iberian purebred and crossbred (iberianxDuroc) pigs reared extensively on three different feeding systems: montanera (M), cebo (C) and recebo (R), were determined. Seventeen TG species were identified by Gas Chromatography and six of them (POO, PSO, POL, OOO, SOO, OOL) accounted for 75 %. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found for the majority of TG species among the three types of feeding. The effect of the duration of montanera on the TG composition was also explored and a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found with the following TGs: OOO, SOL, OOL and OLL. After 110 days of Montanera, all the samples showed a percentage of OOO and OOL over 9.5 % and 4.5 % respectively. Genotype also showed a significant effect (p < 0.01) on the TG composition. Principal Component and Linear Discriminant analyses were applied to the data set. No clear separation among the three groups (M, R and C) according to the TG profile was achieved. Only M and C groups were clearly separated according to their TG composition.Se ha determinado la composición de trigliceridos (TGs) en 1560 muestras de grasa subcutánea de cerdo ibérico puro y cruzado (ibericoxDuroc) criados en régimen extensivo en tres sistemas de alimentación: montanera (M), cebo (C) y recebo (R). Diecisiete TGs se han identificado mediante Cromatografía de Gases, y seis de ellos (POO, PSO, POL, OOO, SOO, OOL) representan el 75 %. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.01) para la mayoría de los TGs entre los tres tipos de alimentación. También se investigó el efecto del tiempo de montanera sobre la composición de TGs, encontrándose una correlación positiva (p < 0.05) con los siguientes TGs: OOO, SOL, OOL y OLL. Tras 110 días de Montanera, todas las muestras presentaron % de OOO y OOL por encima del 9.5 % y 4.5 % respectivamente. El genotipo también mostró un efecto significativo (p < 0.01) sobre la composición de TGs. Se aplicó Análisis de Componentes Principales y Análisis Lineal Discriminantes a los datos obtenidos. No se obtuvo una buena separación entre los tres grupos de alimentación (M, R y C), sólo para los grupos de M y C se obtuvo una clara separación en base a la composición de TGs

Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Low and Medium Enthalpy Geothermal Energy: Environmental, Economic, and Strategic Insights

Received: 10 July 2023. Revised: 30 July 2023. Accepted: 8 August 2023. Available online: 25 September 2023.Geothermal energy, an efficacious and readily available resource, has emerged as a sustainable alternative poised to satisfy escalating global energy demands. This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of low (heat below 100℃) and medium (heat between 100℃ to 150℃) enthalpy geothermal energy through a bibliometric approach and a literature survey, with an emphasis on the environmental and economic aspects. The methodological procedure encompasses: (i) systematic information processing and configuration, (ii) bibliometric assessment of the evolution and domains of the investigated field, (iii) evaluation of environmental and economic contributions, and (iv) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis, facilitated by a Focus Group comprising experts from the energy sector. The research on low and medium enthalpy geothermal energy has been identified as an expanding field, with five primary areas of focus: sustainability, cascade systems, heat pumps, numerical modelling, and roundwater potential in geothermal systems. Italy, the United States, and Germany have been recognized as the leading contributors in terms of scientific production. Geothermal energy, from an environmental standpoint, aids the decarbonisation process, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and other renewable energy sources. Although initial investment costs are considerable, the financial recovery period is relatively short. The promotion of geothermal energy, alongside the active involvement of academia, corporations, and governments, bolsters energy and socio-economic development, thereby contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).This work is supported by ESPOL Polytechnic University research project "Register of geological and mining heritage and its incidence in the defence and preservation of geodiversity in Ecuador" with institutional code CIPAT-01- 2018, and Instituto de Investigación Geológico y Energético (IIGE). We would also like to thank the editorial office for the editorial handling and four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and corrections