4,967 research outputs found
Light Hadron Spectroscopy: Theory and Experiment
Rapporteur talk at the Lepton-Photon Conference, Rome, July 2001: reviewing
the evidence and strategies for understanding scalar mesons, glueballs and
hybrids, the gluonic Pomeron and the interplay of heavy flavours and light
hadron dynamics. Dedicated to the memory of Nathan Isgur, long-time
collaborator and friend, whose original ideas in hadron spectroscopy formed the
basis for much of the talk.Comment: to be published in "Lepton Photon 2001 Conference Proceedings" (World
Scientific Publishing), 19 pages with 6 figure
Transitions and progress: teachers' views of progress in attainment of pupils age 5-10
There has been a longstanding concern in England and Wales with the year on year progress made by pupils, but particularly at times of change, such as transfer from primary to secondary school at age 11. In Coalton, a former mining town in the North of England, a five year UK government funded initiative known as Charter for Transition has been put in place to try to overcome some of these difficulties and improve the learning opportunities for pupils aged 5-16. The programme takes place over a 5-year period in various stages, but in this paper we make use of data from the first two years. The research team examines the viewpoints of teachers from schools that were receiving additional support in their efforts to raise achievement in phase one and the pilot phase of the project about what they saw as the main benefits of this work. We present the beginnings of our exploration of teachers’ judgements of this work, and what they saw as the difficulties with associating the project with pupil attainment.</p
Nuclear Shadowing in the Structure Function
Nuclear modification of the structure function is investigated.
Although it could be estimated in the medium and large regions from the
nuclear structure function , it is essentially unknown at small . The
nuclear structure function at small is investigated in two
different theoretical models: a parton-recombination model with rescaling
and an aligned-jet model. We find that these models predict completely
different behavior at small : {\it antishadowing} in the first parton model
and {\it shadowing} in the aligned-jet model. Therefore, studies of the ratio
at small could be useful in discriminating among different
models, which produce similar shadowing behavior in the structure function
. We also estimate currently acceptable nuclear modification of at
small by using experimental data and baryon-number
conservation.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, Figs.1 and 2 are not included, Complete postscript
file including the figures is available at
ftp://ftp.cc.saga-u.ac.jp/pub/paper/riko/quantum1/saga-he-78.ps.gz or at
http://www.cc.saga-u.ac.jp/saga-u/riko/physics/quantum1/structure.htm
Calculating Hyperfine Couplings in Large Ionic Crystals Containing Hundreds of QM Atoms: Subsystem DFT is the Key
We present an application of the linear scaling Frozen Density Embedding
(FDE) formulation of subsystem DFT to the calculation of isotropic hyperfine
coupling constants (hfccs) of atoms belonging to a guanine radical cation
embedded in a guanine hydrochloride monohydrate crystal. The model systems
considered range from an isolated guanine to a 15,000 atom QM/MM cluster where
the QM region is comprised of 36 protonated guanine cations, 36 chlorine anions
and 42 water molecules. Our calculations show that the embedding effects of the
surrounding crystal cannot be reproduced neither by small model systems nor by
a pure QM/MM procedure. Instead, a large QM region is needed to fully capture
the complicated nature of the embedding effects in this system. The
unprecedented system size for a relativistic all-electron isotropic hfccs
calculation can be approached in this work because the local nature of the
electronic structure of the organic crystals considered is fully captured by
the FDE approach
Epsilon Indi Ba/Bb: the nearest binary brown dwarf
We have carried out high angular resolution near-infrared imaging and
low-resolution (R~1000) spectroscopy of the nearest known brown dwarf, Eps Indi
B, using the ESO VLT NAOS/CONICA adaptive optics system. We find it to be a
close binary (as also noted by Volk et al. 2003) with an angular separation of
0.732 arcsec, corresponding to 2.65AU at the 3.626pc distance of the Eps Indi
system. In our discovery paper (Scholz et al. 2003), we concluded that Eps Indi
B was a ~50Mjup T2.5 dwarf: our revised finding is that the two system
components (Eps Indi Ba and Eps Indi Bb) have spectral types of T1 and T6,
respectively, and estimated masses of 47 and 28Mjup, respectively, assuming an
age of 1.3Gyr. Errors in the masses are +/-10 and +/-7Mjup, respectively,
dominated by the uncertainty in the age determination (0.8-2Gyr range). This
uniquely well-characterised T dwarf binary system should prove important in the
study of low-mass, cool brown dwarfs. The two components are bright and
relatively well-resolved: Eps Indi B is the only T dwarf binary in which
spectra have been obtained for both components. They have a well-established
distance and age. Finally, their orbital motion can be measured on a fairly
short timescale (nominal orbital period 15 yrs), permitting an accurate
determination of the true total system mass, helping to calibrate brown dwarf
evolutionary models.Comment: Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics main journal.
This replacement version includes minor changes made following comments by
the referee, along with a reworking of the photometric data and derived
quantities using 2MASS catalogue photometry as the basis, with only a minor
impact on the final result
Mixing of scalar tetraquark and quarkonia states in a chiral approach
A chiral invariant Lagrangian describing the tetraquark-quarkonia interaction
is considered at the leading and subleading order in the large-
expansion. Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking generates mixing of scalar
tetraquark and quarkonia states and non-vanishing tetraquark condensates. In
particular, the mixing strength is related to the decay strengths of tetraquark
states into pseudoscalar mesons. The results show that scalar states below 1
GeV are mainly four-quark states and the scalars between 1 and 2 GeV
quark-antiquark states, probably mixed with the scalar glueball in the
isoscalar sector.Comment: 30 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables, to appear in Phys. Rev.
The First Direct Distance and Luminosity Determination for a Self-Luminous Giant Exoplanet: The Trigonometric Parallax to 2MASS1207334-393254Ab
We present the first trigonometric parallax and distance for a young
planetary mass object. A likely TW Hya cluster member, 2MASSW J1207334-393254Ab
(hereafter 2M1207Ab) is an M8 brown dwarf with a mid to late L type planetary
mass companion. Recent observations of spectral variability have uncovered
clear signs of disk accretion and outflow, constraining the age of the system
to <10 Myr. Because of its late spectral type and the clearly youthful nature
of the system, 2M1207b is very likely a planetary mass object. We have measured
the first accurate distance and luminosity for a self-luminous planetary mass
object. Our parallax measurements are accurate to <2 mas (1sigma) for 2M1207Ab.
With 11 total epochs of data taken from January 2006 through April 2 007 (475
images for 2M1207Ab), we determine a distance of 58.8+-7.0 pc (17.0{+2.3}{-1.8}
mas, 1.28sigma) to 2M1207Ab and a calculated luminosity of 0.68-2.2x10^-5 Lsun
for 2M1207b. Hence 2M1207Ab is a clear member of the TW Hya cluster in terms of
its distance, proper motions, and youthful nature. However, as previously noted
by Mohanty and co-workers, 2M1207b's luminosity appears low compared to its
temperature according to evolutionary models.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ Letter
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