NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTOS DEL DIABÉTICO SOBRE SU AUTO CUIDADO

INTRODUCTION The diabetes treatment is complex. Its results depend, to a great extent, on the level of comprehension, skill and motivation that the user face up to the therapeutic requirements. OBJETIVE To identify the knowledge level that the diabetic user has about his/her autocare. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive survey was carried out in 94 diabetic inpatients in the services of Internal Medicine and Surgery of the General Regional Hospital No. 1 of Culiacán, Sinaloa. Diabetics of 20 years old and older with more of 72 hours of hospitalization in internal medicine and surgery were included in the survey. A questionnaire providing socio-demographic aspects such as age, gender, education, knowledge level of the diabetic user about his/her autocare dealing aspects like exercise, diet, feet care and pharmacological treatment was used. RESULTS More than half (56%) of the studied population is men, with an average age of 60 years old with a standard deviation of +- 12.36. The knowledge level about his/her autocare was insufficient in 79%. CONCLUSIONS The diabetic users have insufficient knowledge about their autocare. The aspects they know more about are the exercise and the diet, while they know little about the feet care and pharmacological treatment.INTRODUCCIÓN El tratamiento de la diabetes es complejo y sus resultados dependen, en gran medida del nivel de comprensión, destreza y motivación con que el usuario afronta las exigencias terapéuticas. OBJETIVO Identificar el nivel de conocimiento que el usuario diabético tiene sobre su autocuidado. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Se realizó una encuesta descriptiva a 94 diabéticos hospitalizados en los servicios de medicina interna y cirugía del Hospital General Regional No. 1 de Culiacán Sinaloa. Se incluyeron diabéticos de 20 y más años de edad, con más de 72 horas de hospitalización en el servicio. Se utilizó un cuestionario que contempló aspectos sociodemográficos como son edad, sexo, escolaridad, nivel de conocimiento del usuario diabético sobre su autocuidado, contemplando aspectos como ejercicio, alimentación, cuidado de los pies y tratamiento farmacológico. RESULTADO De la población estudiada se encontró que el 56% son del sexo masculino, con un promedio de 60 años de edad con una desviación estándar de + - 12.36. Nivel de conocimiento del diabético sobre su auto cuidado fue insuficiente en un 79 %. CONCLUSIONES Los usuarios diabéticos tienen conocimientos insuficientes sobre su autocuidado. Los aspectos sobre los que más conoce son el ejercicio y la alimentación, no así el cuidado de sus pies y lo relacionado al tratamiento farmacológico

Understanding Dwarf Galaxies in order to Understand Dark Matter

Much progress has been made in recent years by the galaxy simulation community in making realistic galaxies, mostly by more accurately capturing the effects of baryons on the structural evolution of dark matter halos at high resolutions. This progress has altered theoretical expectations for galaxy evolution within a Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model, reconciling many earlier discrepancies between theory and observations. Despite this reconciliation, CDM may not be an accurate model for our Universe. Much more work must be done to understand the predictions for galaxy formation within alternative dark matter models.Comment: Refereed contribution to the Proceedings of the Simons Symposium on Illuminating Dark Matter, to be published by Springe

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Effect of UVR on lake water and macrophyte leachates in shallow Andean-Patagonian lakes: bacterial response to changes in optical features

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify bacterial responses in two shallow lakes from Patagonia to UV-irradiated dissolved organic matter (DOM) coming from different sources. We carried out laboratory experiments in which natural lake water and Potamogeton linguatus leachates were irradiated (UVA-340 fluorescent tubes Q-Panel) or kept in darkness. Natural bacterial assemblages were then incubated in four treatments: natural lake water, irradiated lake water, macrophyte leachate and irradiated macrophyte leachate. We estimated bacterial abundance, composition and activity, and changes in the optical features of DOM. Our results showed that the addition of leachates caused an increase in the DOM mean molecular size. After UV exposure, a high bacterial activity was observed in lake water treatments. On the contrary, carbon uptake by bacteria was reduced in the irradiated leachate treatment. The degree of aromatization in the leachate treatments increased and thus may contribute to a dissolved carbon less available for bacterial activity. Regarding the bacteria assemblage we observed that b-Proteobacteria outcompete the other groups in the leachate treatments, this group being more efficient at utilizing the high molecular weight DOM. These results highlight the importance of UVR interacting with different DOM sources in bacteria responses of shallow lakes

Corrosion by sulphur of bronze reinforcing elements in León Cathedral (Spain)

The Cathedral of León is one of the principal Gothic cathedrals in Spain, renowned for its impressive stained-glass windows. Since the beginning of its construction in the 13th century, it has suffered structural problems which have kept it under constant construction and restoration works. An extensive restoration carried out in the late 19th century rebuilt many parts of the building, including the transept and the south façade. To add stability to each course, cut stones were joined using metal brackets; these reinforcements are usually carried out using iron brackets fixed by molten lead, but in this case the materials used were bronze brackets and molten sulphur. The corrosion of these brackets is causing tension, resulting in cracks and fractures in the stones. This article summarises the results of a research project carried out by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and the Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España (IPCE) aimed at understanding the causes and mechanisms of this corrosion process in order to establish the scientific basis for the conservation works. Samples of brackets and corrosion products from the south gable have been studied and the metal characterised by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Corrosion products have been identified using SEM-EDX. Laboratory tests have been carried out to simulate the initial steps of the corrosion processes. Results have shown that the brackets are made of cast bronze, presenting a large amount of pores and inclusions. Thick corrosion crusts are present in the interface between the bronze and the sulphur, with a layered structure of copper sulphides (covellite (CuS)) and sulphates, mainly of copper (brochantite, Cu4(SO)4(OH)6; antlerite, Cu3(SO4)(OH)4). Laboratory tests have demonstrated that covellite forms immediately from the direct reaction of copper with molten sulphur. This is a spontaneous reaction that continues over time as long as copper and sulphur are present. In spite of the great thickness of the covellite layers, up to 2 cm at some points, the formation of covellite does not involve an increase in volume, so it cannot explain the fractures in the stones. However, when water and oxygen reach the covellite through pores and cracks in the stone, different sulphates are formed and sulphuric acid, which attacks the metallic copper, is released. The formation of sulphates causes an increase in the volume of corrosion products, and this is responsible for the mechanical damage to the stones. Our work has demonstrated that the formation of sulphates by the reaction of covellite with oxygen and water is the controlling step of the degradation process. This has significant implications for conservation: while the degradation process cannot be completely arrested, it can be limited by reducing the water uptake of the stones and the entry of water through cracks and joints in the masonry.Peer Reviewe

Modified anticonvulsant screening procedure. Phenitoin and phenobarbital reevaluation [PROCEDIMIENTO MODIFICADO PARA TAMIZAJE ANTICONVULSIONANTE. REEVALUACION DEL DIFENILHIDANTOINATO SODICO Y EL FENOBARBITAL]

[No abstract available

Effects of volcanic pumice inputs on microbial community composition and dissolved C/P ratios in lake waters: an experimental approach

Volcanic eruptions discharge massive amounts of ash and pumice that decrease light penetration in lakes and lead to concomitant increases in phosphorus (P) concentrations and shifts in soluble C/P ratios. The consequences of these sudden changes for bacteria community composition, metabolism, and enzymatic activity remain unclear, especially for the dynamic period immediately after pumice deposition. Thus, the main aim of our study was to determine how ambient bacterial communities respond to pumice inputs in lakes that differ in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and P concentrations and to what extent these responses are moderated by substrate C/P stoichiometry. We performed an outdoor experiment with natural lake water from two lakes that differed in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. We measured nutrient concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), and DOC consumption rates and assessed different components of bacterial community structure using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Pumice inputs caused a decrease in the C/P ratio of dissolved resources, a decrease in APA, and an increase in DOC consumption, indicating reduced P limitation. These changes in bacteria metabolism were coupled with modifications in the assemblage composition and an increase in diversity, with increases in bacterial taxa associated with biofilm and sediments, in predatory bacteria, and in bacteria with gliding motility. Our results confirm that volcanic eruptions have the potential to alter nutrient partitioning and light penetration in receiving waterways which can have dramatic impacts on microbial community dynamics.Fil: Modenutti, Beatriz Estela. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Limnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Balseiro, Esteban Gabriel. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Limnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Bastidas Navarro, Marcela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Limnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Lee, Z. M.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Souza, María Sol. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Limnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Corman, J. R.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Elser, J. J.. Arizona State University; Estados Unidos. University Of Wisconsin; Estados Unido

Knowledge level about diabetic autocare.

INTRODUCCIÓN El tratamiento de la diabetes es complejo y sus resultados dependen, en gran medida del nivel de comprensión, destreza y motivación con que el usuario afronta las exigencias terapéuticas. OBJETIVO Identificar el nivel de conocimiento que el usuario diabético tiene sobre su autocuidado. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Se realizó una encuesta descriptiva a 94 diabéticos hospitalizados en los servicios de medicina interna y cirugía del Hospital General Regional No. 1 de Culiacán Sinaloa. Se incluyeron diabéticos de 20 y más años de edad, con más de 72 horas de hospitalización en el servicio. Se utilizó un cuestionario que contempló aspectos sociodemográficos como son edad, sexo, escolaridad, nivel de conocimiento del usuario diabético sobre su autocuidado, contemplando aspectos como ejercicio, alimentación, cuidado de los pies y tratamiento farmacológico. RESULTADO De la población estudiada se encontró que el 56% son del sexo masculino, con un promedio de 60 años de edad con una desviación estándar de + - 12.36. Nivel de conocimiento del diabético sobre su auto cuidado fue insuficiente en un 79 %. CONCLUSIONES Los usuarios diabéticos tienen conocimientos insuficientes sobre su autocuidado. Los aspectos sobre los que más conoce son el ejercicio y la alimentación, no así el cuidado de sus pies y lo relacionado al tratamiento farmacológico.ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The diabetes treatment is complex. Its results depend, to a great extent, on the level of comprehension, skill and motivation that the user face up to the therapeutic requirements. OBJETIVE To identify the knowledge level that the diabetic user has about his/her autocare. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive survey was carried out in 94 diabetic inpatients in the services of Internal Medicine and Surgery of the General Regional Hospital No. 1 of Culiacán, Sinaloa. Diabetics of 20 years old and older with more of 72 hours of hospitalization in internal medicine and surgery were included in the survey. A questionnaire providing socio-demographic aspects such as age, gender, education, knowledge level of the diabetic user about his/her autocare dealing aspects like exercise, diet, feet care and pharmacological treatment was used. RESULTS More than half (56%) of the studied population is men, with an average age of 60 years old with a standard deviation of +- 12.36. The knowledge level about his/her autocare was insufficient in 79%. CONCLUSIONS The diabetic users have insufficient knowledge about their autocare. The aspects they know more about are the exercise and the diet, while they know little about the feet care and pharmacological treatment

Community structure and biogeochemical impacts of microbial life on floating pumice

Volcanic eruptions are a widespread force of geological and ecological disturbance and present recurrent opportunities for the study of biological responses to novel habitat formation. However, scientific study of such events is difficult given their short duration and often distant location. Here we report results from opportunistic sampling of unique volcano-generated habitats formed during the 2011 explosive eruption in the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle complex (Chile), when massive amounts of pumice were ejected, creating novel floating substrata that have never before been characterized from a microbiological perspective. DNA sequencing revealed a dynamic community of microbes that came to inhabit the pumice, with a unique composition distinct from that of the lakes' surface waters and with suggestions of ecological convergence across lakes and sampling times. Furthermore, biogeochemical studies of net nutrient fluxes showed that, while the fresh pumice arriving to the lakes was an initial source of phosphorus (P), colonized pumice had high rates of nitrogen (N) and P uptake and was sufficiently abundant to represent a significant lake-wide nutrient sink. These findings highlight the remarkable versatility of microbes in exploiting novel environments and are consistent with a recent proposal of floating pumice as a favorable environment for the initial origins of life on early Earth.Fil: Elser, James J.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Bastidas Navarro, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Corman, Jessica R.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Emik, Hillary. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Kellom, Matthew. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Laspoumaderes, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Lee, Zarraz M.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Poret Peterson, Amisha. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Balseiro, Esteban Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Modenutti, Beatriz Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin