Hepatic artery thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation a medical or surgical event

Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) is one of the most serious complications after orthotopic liver transplan¬tation, and is associated with a high morbidity and mor¬tality. This study retrospectively reviewed 66 liver transplants in children under the age of 10 years during1 a year-long period at a single institution.;A, total of 28 perioperative variables were analyzed to identify responsible factors of HAT. Of the 66 children, 18 (26%) developed HAT within 15 days after the transplant (HAT group); 29 (42%) had an uneventful postoperative course (control group). To avoid the possible influence of other complications 19 patients were excluded. Of the variables compared between the 2 study groups, three surgical factors (diameter of the hepatic artery-- greater or less than 3 mm; type of arterial anastomosis—end-to-end versus the use of an iliac graft or aortic conduit; and number of times the anastomosis was redone--one versus more than one), were found to be significantly different (P<.05) between HAT and control groups. Two medical factors also were significantly different: the use of intraoperative transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and the administration of postoperative prophylactic anticoagulant treatment. A heparin and dextran-40 protocol appeared to be effective in preventing HAT (P<.02). Moreover, after multivariate analysis, anticoagulation therapy was demonstrated to with poor hepatic artery flow. © 1989 by The Williams and Wilkins Co

THE IMAGE STENOGRAPHY USING SINGLE VALUE DECOMPOSITION AND ZIG ZAG MAP

Hiding the secret message in to cover image is an important role in digital media. The paper presents the image stenography using svd (single value decomposition) and zig zag map. This technique embed secret message either left or right or combinationations singular vector using key which is generated by zig zag map and apply various noise attacks. The proposed method mainly used in protects the electronic products copyrights. The main objective of proposed method is to hiding secret message in to cover image and then transmit it. The experimental results that the proposed prposedy method provide  high level of imperceptibility, robustness, high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE) with embedding strength  against many existing methods

Anti Urolithiatic and anti hyperlipidemic activity of Coleus aromaticus An explanation of the underlying mechanisms

Leaves paste of Coleus aromaticus is used as a traditional remedy for urolithiasis in India. In the present study, the anti urolithiatic activity of Coleus aromaticus was investigated in ethylene glycol induced urolithiatic rats. There was a significant increase in the levels of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys as well as lipid levels in the blood serum. Treatment with hydro alcoholic extract of C.aromaticus leaves (CALHAE) significantly reduced cholesterol levels at 300 and 600 mg/kg, and triglyceride levels at 600 mg/kg in urolithiatic rats. Histopathalogical reports confirmed that chronic administration of CALHAE (300 and 600 mg/kg) diminished number of calcium oxalate crystals in kidneys. CALHAE has shown reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in urolithiatic rats. Moreover, CALHAE showed potent in vitro antioxidant activity in DMPD, ABTS radicals (MnO2 method). Results from these studies support the safe and effective use of C.aromaticus leaves for urolithiasis treatment.Keywords: Coleus aromaticus, Calcium oxalate crystals, Hypolipidemic activity, Antioxidant activit

Anti Urolithiatic and anti hyperlipidemic activity of Coleus aromaticus An explanation of the underlying mechanisms

Leaves paste of Coleus aromaticus is used as a traditional remedy for urolithiasis in India. In the present study, the anti urolithiatic activity of Coleus aromaticus was investigated in ethylene glycol induced urolithiatic rats. There was a significant increase in the levels of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys as well as lipid levels in the blood serum. Treatment with hydro alcoholic extract of C.aromaticus leaves (CALHAE) significantly reduced cholesterol levels at 300 and 600 mg/kg, and triglyceride levels at 600 mg/kg in urolithiatic rats. Histopathalogical reports confirmed that chronic administration of CALHAE (300 and 600 mg/kg) diminished number of calcium oxalate crystals in kidneys. CALHAE has shown reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in urolithiatic rats. Moreover, CALHAE showed potent in vitro antioxidant activity in DMPD, ABTS radicals (MnO2 method). Results from these studies support the safe and effective use of C.aromaticus leaves for urolithiasis treatment.Keywords: Coleus aromaticus, Calcium oxalate crystals, Hypolipidemic activity, Antioxidant activit

Fabrication, Characterization and Assessment of Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Nanomedicine Approach for Paclitaxel Delivery for Enhanced Cancer Treatment

The effectiveness of paclitaxel as a cancer treatment is widely recognized. However, its solubility issue can be addressed by blending it with ethanol and Cremophor EL, a product marketed under the trade name Taxol. Nevertheless, to enhance the anticancer efficacy of Cremophor EL and reduce adverse effects, alternative delivery methods and strategies must be explored. The objective of this work was to synthesize PLGA nanoparticles (PNF) loaded with paclitaxel and evaluate a number of characteristics, including in vitro drug release, drug loading, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and particle size. Finding the best formulation, PNF4, based on its in vitro drug release properties, was the main goal of the study. The surface morphology of PNF4 was then investigated by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy after that (SEM and TEM). The delivery method follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, according to analysis of the in vitro drug release kinetics, indicating a "Fickian diffusion" mechanism. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated that the PNF4 formulation exhibited superior cytotoxicity compared to free paclitaxel

Soil Fertility Atlas for Karnataka, India

Our research during the last decade showed that soil testing is an effective tool for diagnosing nutrient problems in farmers' fields. Soil test-based nutrient management allows a judicious use of fertilizers supplying various nutrient elements. This Atlas comprises of results from Bhoochetan Mission Project Under which a large-scale sampling was undertaken on farmers' fields in all the district of Karnataka. Bhoochetana is a mission project for enchancing agricultural productivity of rain-fed systems in the state of Karnataka by adopting science-led approach with technical backstopping from ICRISAT-led consortium. The recommendations on nutrient applications are made by using critical limits in the soil for major, secondary and micronutrients. The soil test results are categorised as sufficient (Soil test value above the critical limit of an element) or deficient (Soil test value below the critical limit)

Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache: 1. Rationale and description

In countries where headache services exist at all, their focus is usually on specialist (tertiary) care. This is clinically and economically inappropriate: most headache disorders can effectively and more efficiently (and at lower cost) be treated in educationally supported primary care. At the same time, compartmentalizing divisions between primary, secondary and tertiary care in many health-care systems create multiple inefficiencies, confronting patients attempting to navigate these levels (the “patient journey”) with perplexing obstacles. High demand for headache care, estimated here in a needs-assessment exercise, is the biggest of the challenges to reform. It is also the principal reason why reform is necessary. The structured headache services model presented here by experts from all world regions on behalf of the Global Campaign against Headache is the suggested health-care solution to headache. It develops and refines previous proposals, responding to the challenge of high demand by basing headache services in primary care, with two supporting arguments. First, only primary care can deliver headache services equitably to the large numbers of people needing it. Second, with educational supports, they can do so effectively to most of these people. The model calls for vertical integration between care levels (primary, secondary and tertiary), and protection of the more advanced levels for the minority of patients who need them. At the same time, it is amenable to horizontal integration with other care services. It is adaptable according to the broader national or regional health services in which headache services should be embedded. It is, according to evidence and argument presented, an efficient and cost-effective model, but these are claims to be tested in formal economic analyses

Bronchiectasis in India:results from the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) and Respiratory Research Network of India Registry

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a common but neglected chronic lung disease. Most epidemiological data are limited to cohorts from Europe and the USA, with few data from low-income and middle-income countries. We therefore aimed to describe the characteristics, severity of disease, microbiology, and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis in India. METHODS: The Indian bronchiectasis registry is a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Adult patients ( 6518 years) with CT-confirmed bronchiectasis were enrolled from 31 centres across India. Patients with bronchiectasis due to cystic fibrosis or traction bronchiectasis associated with another respiratory disorder were excluded. Data were collected at baseline (recruitment) with follow-up visits taking place once per year. Comprehensive clinical data were collected through the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration registry platform. Underlying aetiology of bronchiectasis, as well as treatment and risk factors for bronchiectasis were analysed in the Indian bronchiectasis registry. Comparisons of demographics were made with published European and US registries, and quality of care was benchmarked against the 2017 European Respiratory Society guidelines. FINDINGS: From June 1, 2015, to Sept 1, 2017, 2195 patients were enrolled. Marked differences were observed between India, Europe, and the USA. Patients in India were younger (median age 56 years [IQR 41-66] vs the European and US registries; p&lt;0\ub70001]) and more likely to be men (1249 [56\ub79%] of 2195). Previous tuberculosis (780 [35\ub75%] of 2195) was the most frequent underlying cause of bronchiectasis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism in sputum culture (301 [13\ub77%]) in India. Risk factors for exacerbations included being of the male sex (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1\ub717, 95% CI 1\ub703-1\ub732; p=0\ub7015), P aeruginosa infection (1\ub729, 1\ub710-1\ub750; p=0\ub7001), a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (1\ub720, 1\ub707-1\ub734; p=0\ub7002), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea score (1\ub732, 1\ub725-1\ub739; p&lt;0\ub70001), daily sputum production (1\ub716, 1\ub703-1\ub730; p=0\ub7013), and radiological severity of disease (1\ub703, 1\ub701-1\ub704; p&lt;0\ub70001). Low adherence to guideline-recommended care was observed; only 388 patients were tested for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and 82 patients had been tested for immunoglobulins. INTERPRETATION: Patients with bronchiectasis in India have more severe disease and have distinct characteristics from those reported in other countries. This study provides a benchmark to improve quality of care for patients with bronchiectasis in India. FUNDING: EU/European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations Innovative Medicines Initiative inhaled Antibiotics in Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis Consortium, European Respiratory Society, and the British Lung Foundation