An explicit realization of logarithmic modules for the vertex operator algebra W_{p,p'}

By extending the methods used in our earlier work, in this paper, we present an explicit realization of logarithmic \mathcal{W}_{p,p'}-modules that have L(0) nilpotent rank three. This was achieved by combining the techniques developed in \cite{AdM-2009} with the theory of local systems of vertex operators \cite{LL}. In addition, we also construct a new type of extension of $\mathcal{W}_{p,p'}$, denoted by $\mathcal{V}$. Our results confirm several claims in the physics literature regarding the structure of projective covers of certain irreducible representations in the principal block. This approach can be applied to other models defined via a pair screenings.Comment: 18 pages, v2: one reference added, other minor change

The N=1 triplet vertex operator superalgebras

We introduce a new family of C_2-cofinite N=1 vertex operator superalgebras SW(m), $m \geq 1$, which are natural super analogs of the triplet vertex algebra family W(p), $p \geq 2$, important in logarithmic conformal field theory. We classify irreducible SW(m)-modules and discuss logarithmic modules. We also compute bosonic and fermionic formulas of irreducible SW(m) characters. Finally, we contemplate possible connections between the category of SW(m)-modules and the category of modules for the quantum group U^{small}_q(sl_2), q=e^{\frac{2 \pi i}{2m+1}}, by focusing primarily on properties of characters and the Zhu's algebra A(SW(m)). This paper is a continuation of arXiv:0707.1857.Comment: 53 pages; v2: references added; v3: a few changes; v4: final version, to appear in CM

Laboratory evaluation of insecticidal effectiveness of a natural zeolite formulation against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in treated wheat

Inert dusts are increasingly becoming an integral part of programs for protection of cereal grains from stored-product insects. The intention in this study was therefore to conduct preliminary tests of insecticidal potentials of the natural zeolite formulation Minazel SP (66% SiO2, particle size ≤ 50 μm) originating from Serbia in controlling S. oryzae, R. dominica and T. castaneum. Dust effectiveness was tested in the laboratory (24±1ºC and 50-55% r.h. for parents and 24±1ºC and 60±5% r.h. for F1 progeny) by exposing insects to wheat treated with 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g/kg of Minazel SP. Mortality was determined after 7, 14 and 21 days of insect contact with threated wheat, and total mortality after an additional 7 days of recovery on untreated broken wheat. Progeny production in F1 generation was also determined for each insect species after 8-12 weeks. After seven days of exposure and 7 days of recovery of all tested species, the highest efficacy of 62% was observed after the highest application rate of 1.00 g/kg against S. oryzae. The highest efficacy after 14 and 21 days was achieved with the same application rate against T. castaneum (100%), S. oryzae (96-98%) and R. dominica (70-82%). Progeny reduction (IR – inhibition rate) of all tested species depended on the duration of parents exposure to treated wheat. After 7 days of exposure progeny reduction rates were 49-67% for S. oryzae, 42-68% for R. dominica and 47-78% for T. castaneum. After 14 days of exposure, inhibition rates were 55-78% for S. oryzae, 72-81% for R. dominica and 53-90% for T. castaneum, while progeny reductions of S. oryzae were 51-85%, R. dominica 80-96% and T. castaneum 87-99% after 21 days of exposure. Keywords: Wheat grain, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, Natural zeolit

Lie superalgebras and irreducibility of A_1^(1)-modules at the critical level

We introduce the infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebra ${\mathcal A}$ and construct a family of mappings from certain category of ${\mathcal A}$-modules to the category of A_1^(1)-modules of critical level. Using this approach, we prove the irreducibility of a family of A_1^(1)-modules at the critical level. As a consequence, we present a new proof of irreducibility of certain Wakimoto modules. We also give a natural realizations of irreducible quotients of relaxed Verma modules and calculate characters of these representations.Comment: 21 pages, Late

Prediction of indicators for solid waste management on national level using artificial neural networks.

Problem upravljanja otpadom postoji od nastanka najranijih ljudskih naseobina, ali je posebno izražen u današnjim urbanim sredinama. Sa povećanjem gustine naseljenosti do koje dolazi usled porasta broja stanovnika i njihovog gravitiranja ka velikim gradovima, kao i sa ubrzanim napredovanjem industrije, savremeni čovek stvara daleko više otpada nego ikada u istoriji ljudskog društva. Napredak nauke i tehnologije dovodi do stvaranja novih, najraznovrsnijih proizvoda, koji, usled porasta životnog standarda i izmenjenih potrošačkih navika, imaju znatno kraći životni vek nego raniji proizvodi, samim tim i mnogo ranije postaju otpad. Sve ovo značajno usložnjava sakupljanje i tretman otpada. Sa druge strane, kao nikad do sada, otpad predstavlja značajan resurs koji može da se iskoristi za dobijanje energije ili novih proizvoda raznovrsne namene...Dealing with waste is a problem since the emergence of the earliest human settlements, but it is particularly pronounced in contemporary urban areas. With the increase in population density due to population growth and their gravitation towards big cities, as well as with the rapid advancement of industry, modern man creates far more waste than ever in the history of human society. Big progress of science and technology leads to the creation of new, more diversified products, which, due to the rise in living standards and altered consumer habits, have a much shorter life expectancy than earlier products, thus becoming much earlier a waste. All mentioned significantly complicates the collection and treatment of waste. On the other hand, as never before, waste represents a significant resource that can be used to generate energy or new products..

Correlation of vestibular and cochlear responses in children in the prelingual period and at the age of 3 to 5 years old

Sve više istraživanja iznosi dokaze u prilog hipotezi da zakasnela maturacija vestibularnog čula značajno korelira sa kašnjenjem u motornom razvoju, lošijom sposobnošću održavanja ravnoteže, senzorno integrativnom disfunkcijom, oštećenjem sluha, usporenim govorno-jezičkim i kognitivnim razvojem, teškoćama u usvajanju školskih veština. Međutim, funkcionalno ispitivanje vestibularnog aparata i tumačenje dobijenih rezultata na ranom dečijem uzrastu, predstavljaju zahtevan zadatak. Longitudinalna studija sprovedena je sa višestrukim ciljem: 1. da se utvrdi da li je stepen uspešnosti izvođenja refleksa vezanih za funkciju vestibularnog čula na rođenju u korelaciji sa stepenom uspešnosti održavanja ravnoteže u ranom detinjstvu; 2. da se utvrdi da li procena funkcije vestibularnog čula neposredno po rođenju može da bude dodatni pokazatelj rizika za oštećenje sluha. 3. da se utvrdi da li funkcija vestibularnog čula može da se posmatra kao novi parametar maturacije. Osnovna ispitivana grupa je obuhvatila N=54 dece oba pola, uzrasta od 5.0 do 5.4 godina kod kojih je, na osnovu standardizovane baterije testova i odgovarajućih audioloških metoda, obavljena procena sposobnosti održavanja ravnoteže (SOR), audiološkog statusa, govornojezičkog razvoja (GJR), senzomotornog razvoja (SMR) i socio-emocionalnog ponašanja (SEP). U istom uzorku dece, grupa refleksa vezanih za funkciju vestibularnog čula i funkcija kohlearnog čula, klinički su ispitani 3. dana po rođenju. Dobijeni podaci na rođenju i na uzrastu od 5 godina, dokumentovani su uz pomoć digitalne kamere, potom bodovani, statistički i deskriptivno obrađeni. Pored toga, za svako dete unutar ispitivanog uzorka, uzeti su podaci o vremenu kada je počelo da sedi, stoji, kada je prohodalo i kada progovorilo (SSPP). Rezultati istraživanja su ukazali na postojanje statistički značajne povezanosti između stepena prisutnosti sva četiri refleksa zajedno na rođenju (Moroov refleks+labirintarni refleks ispravaljanja glave+asimetrični tonični refleks vrata+vestibulookularni refleks) i rezultata o SOR, GJR, SMR i SEP na uzrastu od 5 godina. Takođe je utvrđeno, da deca koja imaju bolju SOR na uzrastu od 5 godina, značajno ranije počinju da SSPP. Istovremeno, petogodišnjaci sa normalnim i oštećenim sluhom se međusobno značajno razlikuju u pogledu razvijenosti SOR, GJR, SMR i SEP. Statistička značajnost je izostala prilikom poređenja rezultata kohlearnog ispitivanja na rođenju u odnosu na SOR petogodišnjaka. Značaj istraživanja se ogleda u novim saznanjima u domenu sazrevanja i funkcije čula za ravnotežu odmah nakon rođenja, budući da ovaj segment fiziologije novorođenčeta do sada nije obrađen na takav način, kao i u prepoznavanju funkcije vestibularnog čula kao još jednog parametra maturacije deteta. Na sposobnost ravnoteže se može uticati ciljanim vežbama, a ova studija je pokazala način kojim možemo da utvrdimo kojoj deci je takvo vežbanje potrebno.An increasing number of researches present the evidence which supports the hypothesis that delayed maturation of the vestibular sense is in significant correlation with the delay in motor development, poorer ability to maintain balance, sensory-integrative dysfunction, hearing impairment, delayed speech and language and cognitive development, difficulties in acquiring school skills. However, functional testing of the vestibular apparatus and the interpretation of the results obtained at an early age, represent a demanding task. Longitudinal study was carried out with multiple goals: 1. to establish whether the success rate in performing reflexes related to the function of the vestibular sense at birth is in correlation with the success rate in maintaining balance in early childhood; 2. to examine whether the assessment of the vestibular function immidiately after birth, can be an additional indicator of risk for hearing impairment; 3. to establish whether the vestibular function can be viewed as a new parameter of maturation. The main study group included N=54 children of both genders, aged 5.0 to 5.4, whose balance ability (BA), audiological status, speech and language development (SLD), sensorymotor development (SMD) and social-emotional beahviour (SEB), were evaluated, based on the battery of standardized tests and adequate audiological methods. The group of reflexes related to the function of the vestibular sense and the function of the cochlear sense were clinically tested 3 days upon birth on the same sample of children. The data at birth and at the age of 5 were recorded by a digital camera and subsequently scored and statistically and descriptively processed. In addition, data on the time when children included in our research start to sit, stand, walk and talk (SSWT), were taken for each examinee individually. The research results indicated the statistically significant correlation between the simultaneous presence of all four reflexes at birth (Moro reflex+Head righting reflex+Assymetrical tonic neck reflex+Vestibulo ocular reflex), and the results on BA, SLD, SMD and SEB at the age of 5. It was also established that children with better BA at the age of 5, begin with SSWT significantly earlier. At the same time, five-year olds with normal and impaired hearing, mutually differ significantly in terms of the development of BA, SLD, SMD and SEB. There was no statistical significance when the results of cochlear testing at birth were compared to BA of five-year olds. The significance of this research is reflected in the new knowledge in the domain of maturation and function of the sense of balance immediately upon birth, since this segment of a newborn’s physiology has never been processed in a similar way; also, function of the vestibular sense has been recognized as another parametre in a child’s maturation. Balance ability can be influenced by targeted exercises, and this study indicated the way to identify which children are in need of such exercises

Wear Behaviour of Hard Cr Coatings for Cold Forming Tools Under Dry Sliding Conditions

Cr hard coatings are largely used in industry in metal cutting and cold forming processes; This work on quantitative way represents improvement, in terms of wear resistance, which is obtained by depositing Cr hard coating on foundation material. Wear testing is done on tribometer with block –on –disc contact geometry at sliding contact of Cr hard coated sample with steel disc. Testing was performed in conditions without lubrication at variable value of contact parameters (normal load, sliding speed). Cr hard coatings in all contact conditions show smaller values of wear rate

Mycotoxins in pathophysiology of cattle diet

Depending on the age and production category, cattle show different sensitivity towards certain mycotoxins. Microflora of the rumen degrades to a different degree and inactivates mycotoxins. In the work are presented the most important mycotoxicoses of cattle caused by fungal metabolites from the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Poisoning of cattle in our area is most often caused by Zearalenone, Dioxinivalenol, T-2 toxin, Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin, but in the work are also presented Fumonisin B1 and B2. The work also describes preventive possibilities and protection of animal health from the effects of mycotoxins

Uticaj fitaze mikrobioloskog porekla na proizvodne rezultate i karakteristike kostiju prasadi

The 31 day long trial included 24 Yorkshire piglets divided into three groups. Before weaning, the piglets were given the experimental diets in a 7-day adjustment period. During this period as well as for 22 days following, the piglets were fed on diets containing 22% CP and then diets containing 20% CP for the remaining 19 days. The desired level of phosphorus in the diet for the control group and experimental group III was achieved by the addition of dicalcium phosphate, while the diet for group II was without added dicalcium phosphate. In addition the, diets for groups II and III were enriched with crude phytase (produced by growing an isolate of Aspergillus awamori) in an amount sufficient to provide 800 FU/kg. Performance and state of health were monitored during the trial and at the end the piglets were killed for collection of bone samples. Growth performance was improved by adding microbial phytase. Ash and calcium content in the tibia showed no statistical differences between the groups, while content of phosphorus was significantly increased in both groups fed added phytase in the diet. The length and width of the tibia and the intensity of its shadow indicated normal physiological processes in bone formation and ossification. The best ossification was obtained in the first experimental group, based on almost invisible nutrition channels inside the thick shadow of compacta, as well as the homogenous appearance of tibiae spongiosa in the mid diaphysis area.Ogled je izveden na 24 odbijene Jorkšir prasadi podeljenih u tri grupe, a trajao je 31 dan. U pripremnom periodu od 7 dana pre odbijanja, kao i tokom naredna 22 dana prasad su hranjena smešom sa 22% proteina, a zatim smešom sa 20% proteina do kraja ogleda. Planirani nivoi fosfora u I i III grupu postignuti su dodavanjem dikalcijum fosfata, dok su smeše za ishranu II grupe prasadi bile bez dodatog dikalcijum fosfata. Smešama za K i O-ll grupu prasadi dodata je sirova fitaza (izolovana iz gljivica Aspergillus awamori) u količini koja je obezbedila 800 FU/kg hrane. Tokom ogleda praćeni su proizvodni rezultati i zdravstveno stanje, a na kraju ogleda izvršeno je žrtvovanje prasadi u cilju uzimanja uzoraka kostiju za predviđena ispitivanja. Proizvodni rezultati su bili poboljšani korišćenjem fitaze mikrobijalnog porekla. Razlike u sadržaju pepela i kalcijuma tibije nije se statistički razlikovao, dok je sadržaj fosfora signifikantno rastao u grupama sa dodatom fitazom mikrobijalnog porekla. Rezultati morfometrijskih i radiografskih ispitivanja ukazala su na normalne fiziološke procese osifikacije kostiju. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultatanajbolje izražen proces osifikacije kostiju bio je u prvoj oglednoj grupi prasadi

Značaj i uloga organski vezanih mikroelemenata u ishrani domaćih životinja

In this review paper the presentation of most important micro mineral sources in the nutrition of the economically most important species and categories of domestic animals is given. Their physiological functions and concentration in domestic feeds and possible sources is explained. Within the treatise the choice of the most suitable sources of microelements was explained while special attention was given to organically bonded microelements. The presented results show that the use of microelements bonded with polysaccharides has equally good effects as microelements bonded with amino acids or short peptides (chelates). They also have positive effects on milk production, decrease of somatic cells, better reproduction performances spermatogenesis in male breeding animals and stimulate the immune system of the animal.U radu je dat prikaz važnijih izvora mikroelemenata u ishrani ekonomski najvažnijih vrsta domaćih životinja. Ukazano je na njihove fiziološke funkcije, sadržaj u hranivima i jedinjenjima mikroelemenata koja se koriste u našoj zemlji. U okviru razmatranja najpodesnijih izvora mikroelemenata posebna pažnja posvećena je organski vezanim mikroelementima. Prezentirani rezultati ukazuju da korišćenje mikroelemenata vezanih za polisaharide pokazuju bolju iskoristivost mikroelemenata od onih koji su vezani za aminokiseline ili kratke peptide (helati). Oni imaju pozitivan uticaj na produkciju mleka, smanjenje broja somatskih ćelija, poboljšanje rezultata reprodukcije životinja, spermatogenezu muških priplodnih grla i podstiču imunološke sposobnosti životinja