Commentary : the effects of inflammation, aging, and oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of Type II Diabetes

Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a high-risk metabolic condition associated with high mortality due to hyperglycemia. Many studies have focused on how inflammation, aging, or oxidative stress influences the pathogenesis of T2DM. The functional anomalies of the pancreatic beta cells attribute to insulin resistance which is the primary cause of T2DM manifestations and complications. This is evidenced in polymorphism in the TNF-α gene which inhibits insulin production, metabolism, and utilization during T2DM development. The dysregulation of insulin signaling involves multiple pathways. Various factors such as epigenetics, oxygen radicals, and glucolipotoxicity are implicated in the pathogenesis. Low-grade inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-1 attack peripheral tissues and mediates the activation of critical pathways involved in T2DM pathogenesis via transcriptional factors. The core factor resulting in inflammation is hyperglycemia. The result is the release of inflammatory mediators which then affect neurons in the nervous system and alter microvascular and enzymatic pathways to elicit severe complications such as neuropathy. Oxidative stress and inflammation share an intertwined relationship in the pathogenesis of T2DM. High levels of reactive oxygen species increase the level of DNA damage markers and expose pancreatic beta-cell lines to dysregulation through reduced expression of the insulin gene. The link between the interaction of oxidative stress and inflation in the human body increases the level of interleukin-6 which triggers superoxide radicles and oxidative stressors increase which have been shown to affect free fatty acids metabolism inversely Finally, the aspect of cellular senescence in adipocytes and pancreatic beta cells explain why age is a critical factor in T2DM pathogenesis. Overall, the three factors discussed have a crucial role in T2DM disease states, progressions, and complications

Omega 3 versus Omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardio-metabolic health

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, and other cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. These conditions are directly attributed to modifiable behaviors such as sedentary activity, poor diet, excessive consumption of alcohol, or smoking. Efforts aimed towards their prevention and management are, therefore, not only essential in the accomplishment of the healthy populations but also for eliminating the associated cost and health burdens. Dietary change is an important approach to the promotion of cardiometabolic health. Omega 3 (C20–22 ω 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have pleiotropic effects on the functioning of cells, control inflammatory factors and cellular events in vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The hypolipemic, anti-arrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory properties of fatty acids offer cardioprotection. Government agencies and national heart associations recommend increased consumption of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplements and fish to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role played by ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in promoting cardiometabolic health. Methods: The research study searched databases such as MEDLINE®, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL® and the Cochrane Library for relevant research studies evaluating the function/benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in promoting cardiometabolic functions published between 2011 and 2020. A total of 77 research studies were identified and used in the meta-analysis. Results: Results from the meta-analysis indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk for cardiovascular disease by limiting inflammation of blood vessels, reducing thrombosis, increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins, reducing levels of low-density lipoproteins, and reducing risk factors associated with hypertension. Conclusion. Given the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk for cardiovascular diseases indicted in the meta-analysis. Therefore, human diets must contain the required amounts of PUFA due to the associated benefits. Keywords: Omega-3, Omega-6, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Cardiometabolic healt

Keselamatan terhadap Resiko Kebakaran pada Bangunan Ruko di Kota Makassar

Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi ketersediaan unsur keselamatan kebakaran pada bangunan ruko standar maupun yang sudah mengalami Perubahan di kota Makassar dan (2) mendapatkan arahan dan solusi standar unsur keselamatan terhadap resiko kebakaran pada bangunan ruko yang laik diaplikasikan di masa mendatang khususnya di kota Makassar. Penelitian mengambil sampel beberapa kluster ruko di koridor jalan kota Makassar. Penentuan kasus menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling yang dilakukan secara purposif terhadap 87 unit ruko dari 3 kluster yang dibangun oleh pengembang (kluster jalan Pengayoman, kluster jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan, kluster jalan Talasalapang) dan 3 unit ruko yang dibangun sendiri oleh pemiliknya di jalan Todopuli Raya, jalan Adiyaksa Baru, dan jalan Abdullah Dg. Sirua berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan unsur keselamatan terhadap resiko kebakaran pada bangunan ruko yang dibangun oleh pengembang memiliki nilai rata-rata dengan kategori “cukup”. Ketersediaan unsur keselamatan terhadap resiko kebakaran pada bangunan ruko yang dibangun sendiri oleh pemiliknya justru memiliki nilai rata-rata dengan kategori “baik”. Desain bangunan ruko dimasa yang akan datang harus menerapkan standar sarana penyelamatan dengan berbagai alternatif jalur keselamatan untuk mencegah jatuhnya korban jiwa saat kebakaran serta unsur keselamatan lainnya (kelengkapan tapak, proteksi pasif dan aktif). Kata Kunci : Keselamatan, Ruko (Rumah Toko), Kebakaran, Makassa

Kualitas Pelayanan pada Kantor Pelayanan Perizinan dan Penanaman Modal Kabupaten Barru

: Pelayanan yang berkualitas merupakan pelayanan yang diberikan kepada pelanggan sesuai dengan standar pelayanan, akan tetapi pelayanan publik ternyata seringkali mengecewakan dibandingkan memuaskan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan kualitas pelayanan pada Kantor Pelayanan Perizinan dan Penanaman Modal Kabupaten Barru. Metode penelitiannya adalah survai dengan desain deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan angket, wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan di Kantor Pelayanan Perizinan dan Penanaman Modal yang diberikan pada masyarakat berada pada kategori berkualitas. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari rata-rata skor untuk keseluruhan sub variabel yaitu 3,86 yang apabila didasarkan pada kriteria dan rentang skala yang ada termasuk dalam kategori berkualitas. Variabel penelitian digambarkan dengan menggunakan 10 sub variabel yaitu ketepatan pelayanan, akurasi pelayanan, kesopanan dan keramahan, tanggung jawab, kelengkapan, kemudahan mendapatkan pelayanan, variasi model pelayanan, pelayanan pribadi, Kenyamanan, serta atribut pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 indikator tersebut terdapat 1 indikator berada dalam kategori kurang berkualitas yakni ketepatan waktu.Kata kunci : Kualitas pelayanan, Perizinan, Penanaman modal. Abstract : Quality services are the services provided to the customer in accordance with the standards of services, but public service is often disappointing rather than satisfying. Therefore, this study aims to identify and to define the quality of services in Licensing and Investment Services Office of Barru Regency. The research method was a descriptive design survey. The technique of collecting data was using questionnaires. Data was analyzed descriptively interpretative. The results shows that the quality of services in the Licensing and Investment Services Office to the community is categorized good quality. This can be seen from the average score of the entire sub-variables at 3.86 that based on the criterion and existing scale ranges can be categorized good quality. The research variables described by using 10 sub-variables that are services target, accuracy service, courtesy and hospitality, responsibility, completeness, access to services, the variation model of service, personal care, comfort and support attributes. The research findings show that of the 10 indicators, there is one indicator that has been categorized as less quality, that is punctuality.Keywords : Service quality, Licensing, Investment

Transient behaviour of a group of induction motors

The non-linear differential equations describing the transient behaviour of a group of induction motors are developed from the equations for a single machine. These equations enable the behaviour of each machine in the group to be investigated, either when the complete group is connected to a stiff supply or when the supply is weak and the machine behaviour is interactive. A numerical solution of the equations using a digital computer is used to predict the transient currents and torques of a 0.75 kW/1.5 kW motor group and of a 0.75 kW/1.5 kW/2.25 kW motor group, and the results obtained are compared with experimentally obtained results. [Continues.

Frontoorbital Advancement (FOA) using surgical suture. Our experience : single institution

Frontoorbital advancement (FOA) was mainstay treatment of coronal and metopic craniosynostosis. There are several techniques and materials such as absorpable plate, surgical suture fixation, and osteogenesis distraction. Each techniques and materials has advantages to clinical outcome. This study describe our experience in FOA using surgical suture in our Institution. &nbsp

Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam Pelayanan Publik: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Riau

The study objective is to reveal the relation between the village head leadership style and financial factor and its effect to the quality of public service in Indragiri HilirRegency, Riau Province. The leadership style of the village heads of the Indragiri HilirRegency is studied because the villages do not imply the qualified public servicestandard. The villages' condition is related with leadership style and financial factor andits relation to the public service. The village heads' leadership style is the one that movesthe improvement of public service, and theorically based on situational leadership theoryfrom Blanchard. On the other hand, financial factor supports the performance ofqualified public service. This qualitative study used descriptive methods, particularlysurvey. Data was collected by interviewing and documentation study. Interview revealedrespondents' perception about the relation between the leadership style and publicservice, while documentation study revealed information and data on finance and itsrelation with public service. This study analysed primary quantitative data based oninterview and secondary qualitative data from documentation study. Quantitative data isanalysed in order to test the hypothesis of the relation between leadership style andpublic service using Spearman rho correlation test and chi square test. Meanwhile theeffect of leadership style and financial factor to the quality of public service is measuredby regression technique using T-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination. Thepopulation, the number of villages is 170, 17 of which are used as sample, with 646respondents representing 5780 people in the 170 villages. The result of this study isexpected to theoretically contribute to the development of public administration studyand for the improvement of the quality of public service effectively. Practically, thisstudy can give recommendation for the local administration and village heads inimproving the quality of public service in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. Thepublic service can be improved by training and conducting workshop in technical andmanagerial skills. It also can be a model of leadership style in order to improve effectivepublic service in Indragiri Hilir Regency

The Effectiveness of Biofilter with Used Plastic Media and Aquatic Plants (Echinodorus Palaefoliu and Limmnocharis Flava) to Reduce the TSS and Amonia in the Rubber Industry's Liquid Waste

Liquid waste from rubber industry is one of environmental issues that shall be handled as it is commonly discharged and potentially contaminate aquatic environment. This waste contain high organic materials and it need to be processed. To understand the effectiveness of combination of used plastic biofilter media and emergent aquatic plant for remediation of that waste, a study has been conducted from January to March 2015. The waste was processed through used plastic biofilter media and then flown to phytoremediation unit that was completed with Limmnocharis flava and Echinodorus palaefoliu. There were 2 sets of processor and each set contain a biofilter and a phytoremediation unit. The processed waste was then used to rear Cyprinus carpio, Pangasius pangasius and Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings, 20 fishes/ aquarium. Water samplings were conducted 3 times, once/ 2 weeks. The water was sampled from the inlet and in the outlets of each biofilter and phytoremediation unit. Survival rate of the fish by the end of the research was noted. Results shown that the use of used plastic biofilter media and emergent plant phytoremediation process was effective to reduce the organic pollutant. Before being treated, the TSS and Ammonia were 538 mg/L and 28 mg/L respectively. After being treated, the TSS reduced into 32 mg/L and the Ammonia reduced into 7 mg/L. The effectiveness of the processor was 94% for the TSS and 75% for the Ammonia. By the end of the research, survival rate of the fish was ranged from 90%- 100%. Based on data obtained, it can be concluded that the use of used plastic and emergent plant processor is effective for reducing organic materials in the rubber industry liquid waste