THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POSYANDU (ELDERLY) PROGRAM AT TOARI COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER: A REVIEW FROM DUNCAN'S PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS PERSPECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Elderly Posyandu Program at Toari Health Center through the lens of Duncan’s program effectiveness framework, which comprises three key indicators: goal achievement, integration, and adaptation. The evaluation is particularly relevant in light of the growing elderly population in rural areas and the limited access to inclusive and sustainable healthcare services. A qualitative descriptive method was employed to comprehensively describe the program's implementation based on empirical data obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the program demonstrates partial effectiveness. In terms of goal achievement, activities often experience delays, elderly participation remains low, and home visits are not conducted regularly. Regarding integration, stakeholder collaboration is suboptimal, and socialization efforts are still incidental. In the adaptation dimension, infrastructure and support facilities are inadequate and do not yet meet elderly-friendly service standards. This study’s contribution is twofold: it not only provides a contextual overview of elderly health program implementation in rural areas, but also enriches the program evaluation literature within the field of public administration by operationalizing Duncan’s effectiveness model. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of improving service management, strengthening collaborative governance, and advancing evidence-based policy reforms to enhance the quality of public services, particularly within the community-based public health sector.This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Elderly Posyandu Program at Toari Health Center through the lens of Duncan’s program effectiveness framework, which comprises three key indicators: goal achievement, integration, and adaptation. The evaluation is particularly relevant in light of the growing elderly population in rural areas and the limited access to inclusive and sustainable healthcare services. A qualitative descriptive method was employed to comprehensively describe the program's implementation based on empirical data obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the program demonstrates partial effectiveness. In terms of goal achievement, activities often experience delays, elderly participation remains low, and home visits are not conducted regularly. Regarding integration, stakeholder collaboration is suboptimal, and socialization efforts are still incidental. In the adaptation dimension, infrastructure and support facilities are inadequate and do not yet meet elderly-friendly service standards. This study’s contribution is twofold: it not only provides a contextual overview of elderly health program implementation in rural areas, but also enriches the program evaluation literature within the field of public administration by operationalizing Duncan’s effectiveness model. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of improving service management, strengthening collaborative governance, and advancing evidence-based policy reforms to enhance the quality of public services, particularly within the community-based public health sector

THE SELECTION PHASE AS THE ALPHA OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR MEDICINES AND CONSUMABLE MEDICAL SUPPLIES IN HOSPITALS

Selection constitutes the initial stage (Alpha) of an efficient, effective, accountable, and sustainable management process for medicines and consumable medical supplies (CMS) in hospitals. This article details the selection phase that precedes the planning phase as part of the overall management process for medicines and CMS at La Mappapenning Hospital. The data was gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation of medicine and CMS management practices. Data analysis followed an interactive model: data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and verification/conclusion. The results indicate that the selection of medicines and CMS is carried out in an efficient, effective, accountable, and sustainable manner, serving as the alpha process or management system at La Mappapenning Hospital. Medicines and CMS are selected prior to procurement planning, based on proposals from users and reference to the national formulary, while considering their efficacy, safety, quality, and cost. The selection process involves medical staff, pharmacists, and employees from related management units. The outcome of this selection serves as the input for the medicine and CMS planning phase, which is regularly updated based on utilization evaluation at La Mappapenning Regional General Hospital in Bone Regency.Selection constitutes the initial stage (Alpha) of an efficient, effective, accountable, and sustainable management process for medicines and consumable medical supplies (CMS) in hospitals. This article details the selection phase that precedes the planning phase as part of the overall management process for medicines and CMS at La Mappapenning Hospital. The data was gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation of medicine and CMS management practices. Data analysis followed an interactive model: data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and verification/conclusion. The results indicate that the selection of medicines and CMS is carried out in an efficient, effective, accountable, and sustainable manner, serving as the alpha process or management system at La Mappapenning Hospital. Medicines and CMS are selected prior to procurement planning, based on proposals from users and reference to the national formulary, while considering their efficacy, safety, quality, and cost. The selection process involves medical staff, pharmacists, and employees from related management units. The outcome of this selection serves as the input for the medicine and CMS planning phase, which is regularly updated based on utilization evaluation at La Mappapenning Regional General Hospital in Bone Regency

RECONSTRUCTION OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSME) EMPOWERMENT POLICY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PEOPLE'S ECONOMY (EKONOMI KERAKYATAN): AN ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS AND PUBLIC GOVERNANCE

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a vital pillar of the Indonesian economy, contributing 61 percent to the Gross Domestic Product in 2024. However, the reality shows that MSME empowerment policies are shifting away from the spirit of the People's Economy (Ekonomi Kerakyatan). Existing policies tend to prioritize market efficiency and procedural ease, largely disregarding the principles of social justice and people's economic sovereignty. This study aims to critically analyze the normative misalignment between the regulatory framework for MSME empowerment, specifically Law Number 20 of 2008, or the Job Creation Law (Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja), and Government Regulation Number 7 of 2021, and the principles of the People's Economy and good public governance. Using a qualitative method through regulatory analysis, this research finds that the policy direction has shifted from substantive empowerment to administrative facilitation. Key findings indicate the dominance of a market efficiency paradigm that trivializes the meaning of empowerment, alongside a lack of space for public participation in policy formulation. As an implication, this study recommends a policy reconstruction that is affirmative towards strengthening collective economic institutions and implementing participatory governance to pursue holistic MSME empowerment.Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a vital pillar of the Indonesian economy, contributing 61 percent to the Gross Domestic Product in 2024. However, the reality shows that MSME empowerment policies are shifting away from the spirit of the People's Economy (Ekonomi Kerakyatan). Existing policies tend to prioritize market efficiency and procedural ease, largely disregarding the principles of social justice and people's economic sovereignty. This study aims to critically analyze the normative misalignment between the regulatory framework for MSME empowerment, specifically Law Number 20 of 2008, or the Job Creation Law (Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja), and Government Regulation Number 7 of 2021, and the principles of the People's Economy and good public governance. Using a qualitative method through regulatory analysis, this research finds that the policy direction has shifted from substantive empowerment to administrative facilitation. Key findings indicate the dominance of a market efficiency paradigm that trivializes the meaning of empowerment, alongside a lack of space for public participation in policy formulation. As an implication, this study recommends a policy reconstruction that is affirmative towards strengthening collective economic institutions and implementing participatory governance to pursue holistic MSME empowerment

ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF PUBLIC VALUE IN VILLAGE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (BUMDES) IN THE WARU DISTRICT, SIDOARJO REGENCY

Currently, villages within the Waru District of Sidoarjo Regency already have Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). There are several running ventures, such as trading in waste incinerators and machineries, educational tourism of metalworking village in Ngingas Village, and rural digital economy in Janti Village. Public value is utilized as valuable inputs for village governments and BUMDes management in carrying out their operational activities. This research aims to analyze and to broadly understand the application of public value in the BUMDes located in Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency. The study applies public value theory as its research focus, emphasizing three essential components that must be fulfilled: legitimacy and support, operational capacity, and substantive value. This research is a descriptive qualitative study. BUMDes in Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia, have successfully generated good public value. The village government’s initiatives have been proven to generate a positive impact on the community. This good public value indicates that BUMDes have been able to provide significant benefits to the local community in terms of the economy, social welfare, and local infrastructure development. Furthermore, indicators of legitimacy and support, as well as operational capacity comprising human resources, technology, and financial aspects, have been achieved. There is also substantive value, encompassing economic, socio-cultural, educational, and ecological values. However, the political value indicator has not yet functioned optimally. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct an evaluation of this indicator and further enhance awarensess campaign regarding BUMDes to ensure broader and more equitable community involvement.Currently, villages within the Waru District of Sidoarjo Regency already have Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). There are several running ventures, such as trading in waste incinerators and machineries, educational tourism of metalworking village in Ngingas Village, and rural digital economy in Janti Village. Public value is utilized as valuable inputs for village governments and BUMDes management in carrying out their operational activities. This research aims to analyze and to broadly understand the application of public value in the BUMDes located in Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency. The study applies public value theory as its research focus, emphasizing three essential components that must be fulfilled: legitimacy and support, operational capacity, and substantive value. This research is a descriptive qualitative study. BUMDes in Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia, have successfully generated good public value. The village government’s initiatives have been proven to generate a positive impact on the community. This good public value indicates that BUMDes have been able to provide significant benefits to the local community in terms of the economy, social welfare, and local infrastructure development. Furthermore, indicators of legitimacy and support, as well as operational capacity comprising human resources, technology, and financial aspects, have been achieved. There is also substantive value, encompassing economic, socio-cultural, educational, and ecological values. However, the political value indicator has not yet functioned optimally. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct an evaluation of this indicator and further enhance awarensess campaign regarding BUMDes to ensure broader and more equitable community involvement

ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED AND COLLABORATIVE WORKPLACE LEARNING CONCEPTS AS AN IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING FOR CIVIL SERVANTS (ASN)

Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning Civil Servants (ASN) mandates competence development through work-integrated learning. As learner behaviors evolve and the implementation of integrated learning becomes mandatory, the approach to civil servant competence development is transforming. This includes the adoption of experiential learning and learning in the flow of work.  Given the large number of civil servants and the limitations of traditional classroom training capacity and budget, a more flexible approach to learning innovation is needed.  This study analyzes the implementation of integrative and collaborative workplace learning within government agencies, using the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) as a case study.  The methodology used includes literature review and focus group discussions (FGDs). The research findings indicate that integrative and collaborative learning, when designed with the support of workplace facilitators and a system for recognizing learning achievements, can be an effective alternative to traditional classroom training.  This approach enables adaptive and continuous learning, aligning with the competency needs of functional positions. This study recommends the government to systematically adopt this learning model, provide supporting infrastructure and an ecosystem, and conduct regular evaluations to ensure program alignment with organizational needs.Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning Civil Servants (ASN) mandates competence development through work-integrated learning. As learner behaviors evolve and the implementation of integrated learning becomes mandatory, the approach to civil servant competence development is transforming. This includes the adoption of experiential learning and learning in the flow of work.  Given the large number of civil servants and the limitations of traditional classroom training capacity and budget, a more flexible approach to learning innovation is needed.  This study analyzes the implementation of integrative and collaborative workplace learning within government agencies, using the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) as a case study.  The methodology used includes literature review and focus group discussions (FGDs). The research findings indicate that integrative and collaborative learning, when designed with the support of workplace facilitators and a system for recognizing learning achievements, can be an effective alternative to traditional classroom training.  This approach enables adaptive and continuous learning, aligning with the competency needs of functional positions. This study recommends the government to systematically adopt this learning model, provide supporting infrastructure and an ecosystem, and conduct regular evaluations to ensure program alignment with organizational needs

DEVELOPING AN INCLUSIVE SERVICESCAPE FOR THE ELDERLY, PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, AND PREGNANT WOMEN: A CASE STUDY OF MINASA BAJI VILLAGE OFFICE, MAROS DISTRICT

Public service delivery in Indonesia often overlooks the specific needs of vulnerable groups, such as elderly citizens, persons with disabilities, and pregnant women. Despite policy commitments to inclusivity, such as those outlined in Law No. 25 of 2009 on Public Services, implementation at the village level remains limited, revealing a gap between regulatory intent and service practice. This study examines how inclusive service design can bridge that gap through the creation of a dedicated “services cape” at the Minasa Baji Village Office, Maros Regency. Anchored in the framework of inclusive public administration, the study explores how physical space and participatory planning contribute to equitable service access. Using a qualitative approach involving interviews, observation, and documentation, data were collected from village officials and representatives of vulnerable groups to co-develop a specialized service room. The initiative, trialed for 11 days with minimal funding, yielding preliminary insights that would guide future improvements. This change project successfully improved public service quality by reducing average waiting time by over 66%, increasing accessibility by 100%, achieving near-perfect information clarity, enhancing visitor satisfaction, and improving operational cost efficiency, with an overall success rate of 87.2%. The findings demonstrate that low-cost, community-driven innovations can effectively enhance inclusivity and service efficiency. Theoretically, this study advances the discourse on inclusive governance by highlighting the role of participatory spatial design in promoting equitable access within grassroots public administration contexts.Public service delivery in Indonesia often overlooks the specific needs of vulnerable groups, such as elderly citizens, persons with disabilities, and pregnant women. Despite policy commitments to inclusivity, such as those outlined in Law No. 25 of 2009 on Public Services, implementation at the village level remains limited, revealing a gap between regulatory intent and service practice. This study examines how inclusive service design can bridge that gap through the creation of a dedicated “services cape” at the Minasa Baji Village Office, Maros Regency. Anchored in the framework of inclusive public administration, the study explores how physical space and participatory planning contribute to equitable service access. Using a qualitative approach involving interviews, observation, and documentation, data were collected from village officials and representatives of vulnerable groups to co-develop a specialized service room. The initiative, trialed for 11 days with minimal funding, yielding preliminary insights that would guide future improvements. This change project successfully improved public service quality by reducing average waiting time by over 66%, increasing accessibility by 100%, achieving near-perfect information clarity, enhancing visitor satisfaction, and improving operational cost efficiency, with an overall success rate of 87.2%. The findings demonstrate that low-cost, community-driven innovations can effectively enhance inclusivity and service efficiency. Theoretically, this study advances the discourse on inclusive governance by highlighting the role of participatory spatial design in promoting equitable access within grassroots public administration contexts

THE EFFECT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN GARUT REGENCY

This research  was prompted by the suboptimal work environment issues in Garut Regency, which have led to low employee productivity. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the work environment on employee productivity and to identify the aspects of the work environment that contribute the most. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, involving 50 respondents working in various business sectors in Garut Regency. Data was collected through a closed-ended questionnaire designed based on indicators of the work environment and productivity, and then analyzed using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results of the research show that the work environment has a positive effect on employee productivity, both from physical aspects, such as lighting, temperature, and workspace comfort, and non-physical aspects, such as social relationships, communication, and support from superiors. These findings confirm that a conducive work environment can improve overall employee motivation and performance. In conclusion, increased employee productivity can be achieved by creating a physically comfortable and psychologically supportive work environment. Therefore, companies and government agencies in Garut Regency need to develop integrated work environment management strategies to create a healthy, harmonious, and productive workplace.This research  was prompted by the suboptimal work environment issues in Garut Regency, which have led to low employee productivity. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the work environment on employee productivity and to identify the aspects of the work environment that contribute the most. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, involving 50 respondents working in various business sectors in Garut Regency. Data was collected through a closed-ended questionnaire designed based on indicators of the work environment and productivity, and then analyzed using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results of the research show that the work environment has a positive effect on employee productivity, both from physical aspects, such as lighting, temperature, and workspace comfort, and non-physical aspects, such as social relationships, communication, and support from superiors. These findings confirm that a conducive work environment can improve overall employee motivation and performance. In conclusion, increased employee productivity can be achieved by creating a physically comfortable and psychologically supportive work environment. Therefore, companies and government agencies in Garut Regency need to develop integrated work environment management strategies to create a healthy, harmonious, and productive workplace

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE WORK FROM ANYWHERE TRANSFORMATION IN OPTIMIZING PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Digital transformation has driven significant changes in work systems, including the implementation of the Work From Anywhere (WFA) concept, which enables technology-based work flexibility. This work model is not only applied in the private sector but is also being adopted in public services to improve efficiency and accessibility. However, the implementation of WFA in the public sector faces challenges such as the digital infrastructure readiness, data security, and changes in work culture. This study aims to analyze the development of research related to Work From Anywhere (WFA) in optimizing public services in the digital era through a bibliometric approach. The method used is bibliometric analysis with a quantitative technique using data from academic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. VOSviewer software is used to map research trends, collaboration between researchers, and identify research gaps in this topic. The results show that the publication trend on Work From Anywhere (WFA) in the public sector has increased significantly since 2020, in line with the COVID-19 pandemic that encouraged remote work policies. The analyzed studies reveal that the success of WFA implementation in the public sector is highly dependent on technological readiness, flexible policies, and results-based evaluation systems. In addition, the main challenges faced are the digital divide between regions and the need for stricter regulations related to cybersecurity. In conclusion, Work From Anywhere (WFA) has significant potential to improve the effectiveness of public services if supported by appropriate regulations, adequate technological infrastructure, and human resource readiness. Therefore, an adaptive policy strategy is needed to ensure this work system can be optimally implemented without compromising the quality of public services.Digital transformation has driven significant changes in work systems, including the implementation of the Work From Anywhere (WFA) concept, which enables technology-based work flexibility. This work model is not only applied in the private sector but is also being adopted in public services to improve efficiency and accessibility. However, the implementation of WFA in the public sector faces challenges such as the digital infrastructure readiness, data security, and changes in work culture. This study aims to analyze the development of research related to Work From Anywhere (WFA) in optimizing public services in the digital era through a bibliometric approach. The method used is bibliometric analysis with a quantitative technique using data from academic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. VOSviewer software is used to map research trends, collaboration between researchers, and identify research gaps in this topic. The results show that the publication trend on Work From Anywhere (WFA) in the public sector has increased significantly since 2020, in line with the COVID-19 pandemic that encouraged remote work policies. The analyzed studies reveal that the success of WFA implementation in the public sector is highly dependent on technological readiness, flexible policies, and results-based evaluation systems. In addition, the main challenges faced are the digital divide between regions and the need for stricter regulations related to cybersecurity. In conclusion, Work From Anywhere (WFA) has significant potential to improve the effectiveness of public services if supported by appropriate regulations, adequate technological infrastructure, and human resource readiness. Therefore, an adaptive policy strategy is needed to ensure this work system can be optimally implemented without compromising the quality of public services

THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL LITERACY AND DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION ON THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL SERVICES AT THE REMBANG REGENCY PUBLIC SERVICE MALL

Public services in Indonesia still face challenges, including lengthy, complex, and inefficient bureaucracy. To address this, the government initiated the Public Service Mall (Mall Pelayanan Publik/MPP) as an integrated solution to improve efficiency and ease of access to services for the public. However, the implementation of MPPs in various regions, including Rembang Regency, still faces obstacles, especially in optimizing digital services. Examples include the absence of an online queuing system, incorrect operating hours on social media platforms, and a lack of website maintenance, all of which should be making services easier. This study aims to analyze the level of public adoption of digital public services at the Rembang Regency MPP. This research uses quantitative approach with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), adding the variables of digital literacy and diffusion of innovation, which can predict the intention and use of information systems and help understand the factors that influence technology adoption. The results of this study show that digital literacy and diffusion of innovation together have a positive and significant effect on the public's acceptance of digitalization. These findings indicate that increasing digital literacy and accelerating the adoption of innovation are strategic factors in strengthening the success of digital public services. Therefore, the local government needs to strengthen the digital ecosystem, provide technical training, and promote innovation to continuously improve the effectiveness of the MPP.Public services in Indonesia still face challenges, including lengthy, complex, and inefficient bureaucracy. To address this, the government initiated the Public Service Mall (Mall Pelayanan Publik/MPP) as an integrated solution to improve efficiency and ease of access to services for the public. However, the implementation of MPPs in various regions, including Rembang Regency, still faces obstacles, especially in optimizing digital services. Examples include the absence of an online queuing system, incorrect operating hours on social media platforms, and a lack of website maintenance, all of which should be making services easier. This study aims to analyze the level of public adoption of digital public services at the Rembang Regency MPP. This research uses quantitative approach with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), adding the variables of digital literacy and diffusion of innovation, which can predict the intention and use of information systems and help understand the factors that influence technology adoption. The results of this study show that digital literacy and diffusion of innovation together have a positive and significant effect on the public's acceptance of digitalization. These findings indicate that increasing digital literacy and accelerating the adoption of innovation are strategic factors in strengthening the success of digital public services. Therefore, the local government needs to strengthen the digital ecosystem, provide technical training, and promote innovation to continuously improve the effectiveness of the MPP

STRATEGIES AND POLICY DIRECTIONS FOR ENHANCING WOMEN'S LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION IN WEST SUMATRA: A GENDER MAINSTREAMING PERSPECTIVE

This study highlights the issue of low representation of women in the legislative bodies of West Sumatra, which poses significant challenges to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5 (Gender Equality). The aim of this research is to explore the representation of women in legislative institutions as part of efforts to promote gender equality, with a focus on the strategies and policy directions implemented by the West Sumatra Provincial Government. This academic paper employs a qualitative descriptive approach, drawing on literature studies from relevant articles, books, and scholarly journals. The findings from the literature review indicate that the representation of women in the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) at the district and city level in West Sumatra remains limited, with Bukittinggi is the only city that achieves the 30% threshold for female representation. In contrast, three other districts—Mentawai Islands, Padang Pariaman, and South Solok—do not have any female legislative members. Several challenges contribute to this issue, including a patriarchal political culture, limited financial resources, and gender stereotypes within Minangkabau culture. In response, the government has adopted strategies such as gender mainstreaming, affirmative action, political party communication, and collaboration with women's organisations, to challenge societal stereotypes and enhance the representation of women in legislative bodies. The findings suggest that, although these measures have prompted gradual improvements, sustained progress towards gender equality will depend on strengthening the enforcement of laws, expanding financial support mechanisms, and fostering deep cultural changes to enhance the influence of women in the legislative arena.This study highlights the issue of low representation of women in the legislative bodies of West Sumatra, which poses significant challenges to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5 (Gender Equality). The aim of this research is to explore the representation of women in legislative institutions as part of efforts to promote gender equality, with a focus on the strategies and policy directions implemented by the West Sumatra Provincial Government. This academic paper employs a qualitative descriptive approach, drawing on literature studies from relevant articles, books, and scholarly journals. The findings from the literature review indicate that the representation of women in the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) at the district and city level in West Sumatra remains limited, with Bukittinggi is the only city that achieves the 30% threshold for female representation. In contrast, three other districts—Mentawai Islands, Padang Pariaman, and South Solok—do not have any female legislative members. Several challenges contribute to this issue, including a patriarchal political culture, limited financial resources, and gender stereotypes within Minangkabau culture. In response, the government has adopted strategies such as gender mainstreaming, affirmative action, political party communication, and collaboration with women's organisations, to challenge societal stereotypes and enhance the representation of women in legislative bodies. The findings suggest that, although these measures have prompted gradual improvements, sustained progress towards gender equality will depend on strengthening the enforcement of laws, expanding financial support mechanisms, and fostering deep cultural changes to enhance the influence of women in the legislative arena