53,125 research outputs found
Ultracold neutron depolarization in magnetic bottles
We analyze the depolarization of ultracold neutrons confined in a magnetic
field configuration similar to those used in existing or proposed
magneto-gravitational storage experiments aiming at a precise measurement of
the neutron lifetime. We use an extension of the semi-classical Majorana
approach as well as an approximate quantum mechanical analysis, both pioneered
by Walstrom et al. [Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 599, 82 (2009)]. In
contrast with this previous work we do not restrict the analysis to purely
vertical modes of neutron motion. The lateral motion is shown to cause the
predominant depolarization loss in a magnetic storage trap. The system studied
also allowed us to estimate the depolarization loss suffered by ultracold
neutrons totally reflected on a non-magnetic mirror immersed in a magnetic
field. This problem is of preeminent importance in polarized neutron decay
studies such as the measurement of the asymmetry parameter A using ultracold
neutrons, and it may limit the efficiency of ultracold neutron polarizers based
on passage through a high magnetic field.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
Spin flip loss in magnetic storage of ultracold neutrons
We analyze the depolarization of ultracold neutrons confined in a magnetic
field configuration similar to those used in existing or proposed
magneto-gravitational storage experiments aiming at a precise measurement of
the neutron lifetime. We use an approximate quantum mechanical analysis such as
pioneered by Walstrom \emph{et al} [Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 599, 82
(2009)]. Our analysis is not restricted to purely vertical modes of neutron
motion. The lateral motion is shown to cause the predominant depolarization
loss in a magnetic storage trap.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, for Proceedings of Neutron Lifetime Worksho
Calculation of geometric phases in electric dipole searches with trapped spin-1/2 particles based on direct solution of the Schr\"odinger equation
Pendlebury [Phys. Rev. A , 032102 (2004)] were
the first to investigate the role of geometric phases in searches for an
electric dipole moment (EDM) of elementary particles based on Ramsey-separated
oscillatory field magnetic resonance with trapped ultracold neutrons and
comagnetometer atoms. Their work was based on the Bloch equation and later work
using the density matrix corroborated the results and extended the scope to
describe the dynamics of spins in general fields and in bounded geometries. We
solve the Schr\"odinger equation directly for cylindrical trap geometry and
obtain a full description of EDM-relevant spin behavior in general fields,
including the short-time transients and vertical spin oscillation in the entire
range of particle velocities. We apply this method to general macroscopic
fields and to the field of a microscopic magnetic dipole.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Vacancy decay in endohedral atoms: the role of non-central position of the atom
We demonstrate that the Auger decay rate in an endohedral atom is very
sensitive to the atom's location in the fullerene cage. Two additional decay
channels appear in an endohedral system: (a) the channel due to the change in
the electric field at the atom caused by dynamic polarization of the fullerene
electron shell by the Coulomb field of the vacancy, (b) the channel within
which the released energy is transferred to the fullerene electron via the
Coulomb interaction. % The relative magnitudes of the correction terms are
dependent not only on the position of the doped atom but also on the transition
energy \om. Additional enhancement of the decay rate appears for transitions
whose energies are in the vicinity of the fullerene surface plasmons energies
of high multipolarity. % It is demonstrated that in many cases the additional
channels can dominate over the direct Auger decay resulting in pronounced
broadening of the atomic emission lines. % The case study, carried out for
Sc@C, shows that narrow autoionizing resonances in an
isolated Sc within the range \om = 30... 45 eV are dramatically
broadened if the ion is located strongly off-the-center. % Using the developed
model we carry out quantitative analysis of the photoionization spectrum for
the endohedral complex ScN@C and demonstrate that the additional
channels are partly responsible for the strong modification of the
photoionization spectrum profile detected experimentally by
M\"{u}ller et al. (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 88, 012038 (2008)).Comment: 32 pages, 11 figure
Simulations of Electron Capture and Low-Mass Iron Core Supernovae
The evolutionary pathways of core-collapse supernova progenitors at the
low-mass end of the spectrum are beset with major uncertainties. In recent
years, a variety of evolutionary channels has been discovered in addition to
the classical electron capture supernova channel of super-AGB stars. The few
available progenitor models at the low-mass end have been studied with great
success in supernova simulations as the peculiar density structure makes for
robust neutrino-driven explosions in this mass range. Detailed nucleosynthesis
calculations have been conducted both for models of electron capture supernovae
and low-mass iron core supernovae and revealed an interesting production of the
lighter trans-iron elements (such as Zn, Sr, Y, Zr) as well as rare isotopes
like Ca-48 and Fe-60. We stress the need to explore the low-mass end of the
supernova spectrum further and link various observables to understand the
diversity of explosions in this regime.Comment: 7 page, 3 figures, proceedings of the conference "The AGB-Supernova
Mass Transition", to appear in Memorie della Societ\`a Astronomica Italian
Universal observation of multiple order parameters in cuprate superconductors
The temperature dependence of the London penetration depth \lambda was
measured for an untwined single crystal of YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta} along the
three principal crystallographic directions (a, b, and c). Both in-plane
components (\lambda_a and \lambda_b) show an inflection point in their
temperature dependence which is absent in the component along the c-direction
(\lambda_c). The data provide convincing evidence that the in-plane
superconducting order parameter is a mixture of s+d-wave symmetry whereas it is
exclusively s-wave along the c-direction. In conjunction with previous results
it is concluded that coupled s+d-order parameters are universal and intrinsic
to cuprate superconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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