How cyclical do cyclically-adjusted balances remain? An EU study

Observed budget balances are an imperfect indicator of the fiscal policy stance, because fluctuations in economic activity induce automatic changes in the balance, hence the use of cyclically-adjusted balances (CAB). However, this paper shows that CABs (as measured through one of the two methods currently used by the Commission) tend to be systematically overestimated during downturns and underestimated during expansions. The dominant source of this distortion arises from the filtering of revenues deemed to be cyclical, possibly signalling a problem with the computation of elasticities. The effect of the items which are assumed not to move with the cycle is non significant, but this overall result conceals offseting effects: public investment turns to be significantly procyclical and interest payments and transfers to firms are countercyclical. Classification-JEL : H6, E6.. cyclically adjusted balances, fiscal policy, EU.

Los sonajeros vacceos

In this paper thirty Vaccean rattles are being studied. The Vaccean rattles are small closed hollow artifacts made of clay or ceramics, with small lumps of clay inside. These objects, make a noise when they are shaken, like modem rattles, which is why the same name is used to describe them. Normally these rattles are decorated with similar motifs such as animal-shaped boxes, votive feet, or boats, all of which are peculiar to Vaccean production. From the morphological analysis the rattles can be defined into six differ ent groups: spherical, hemispherical, lenticular, cylindrical, reel and spindle-shaped. Their chronology sets a framework that dates back from the 3rd century B.C. to the 1st century A.D.Se reúne aquí una treintena de pequeños objetos de cerámica, cerrados y huecos, que contienen en su interior pequeñas pellas de barro, razón por la que, al ser agitados, producen un tintineo; rasgos todos ellos que, por analogía con los sonajeros actuales, llevan a contemplarlos como tales. Generalmente se decoran con idénticos motivos y técnicas que cajitas, pies votivos o barcas, piezas todas ellas incluidas entre las producciones singulares vacceas; este dato y el hecho de que su distribución geográfica se atenga a la de dicho grupo étnico permiten considerarlos una creación más del mismo. Su estudio morfológico permite definir hasta seis tipos distintos: esférico, hemisférico, lenticular, cilíndrico, de carrete y fusiforme y su cronología remite al espacio temporal que media entre los siglos III a.C. y el I d.C

Analytical Expressions for Radiative Opacities of Low Z Plasmas

In this work we obtain analytical expressions for the radiative opacity of several low Z plasmas (He, Li, Be, and B) in a wide range of temperatures and densities. These formulas are obtained by fitting the proposed expression to mean opacities data calculated by using the code ABAKO/ RAPCAL. This code computes the radiative properties of plasmas, both in LTE and NLTE conditions, under the detailed-level-accounting approach. It has been successfully validated in the range of interest in previous works

Functional profiling of genome-scale experiments: new approaches leading to a systemic analysis

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 31-10-200

Estrategias en la elaboración de las guías docentes de las asignaturas de Urbanismo en el Grado en Arquitectura en la Universidad de Alicante

En el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), la presente Memoria tiene por objeto exponer la documentación que permita reconocer cuáles han sido las estrategias comunes que han servido para elaborar las guías docentes de las asignaturas de Urbanismo en el Grado en Arquitectura en la Universidad de Alicante para el próximo curso 2014-2015. Muestra los resultados del trabajo colaborativo desarrollado por los miembros de la Red “Estrategias, desarrollo e innovación en Urbanismo para Arquitectura” (3052), perteneciente al Proyecto de Redes de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria 2013-2014, del Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Formación y Calidad de la Universidad de Alicante, organizado por el Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación (ICE), en la Modalidad I: Redes de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria de Titulación - EEES

Fast calculation of LTE opacities for ICF plasmas

The accurate computation of radioactive opacities is needed in several research fields such as astrophysics, magnetic fusion or ICF target physics analysis, in which the radiation transport is an important feature to determine in detail. Radiation transport plays an important role in the transport of energy in dense plasma and it is strongly influenced by the variation of plasma opacity with density and temperature, as well as, photon energy. In this work we present some new features of the opacity code ATMED [1]. This code has been designed to compute the spectral radioactive opacity as well as the Rosseland and Planck means for single element and mixture plasmas. The model presented is fast, stable and reasonably accurate into its range of application and it can be a useful tool to simulate ICF experiments in plasma laboratory

Determination of level populations and radiative properties of optically thin and thick carbon plasmas

In several research fields of current interest such as astrophysics or inertial fusion confinement the knowledge of the interactions between the photons and the plasma particles, i.e. plasma radiative properties, result essential. Thus, for example, the understanding of these plasmas requires properties such as emissivities and opacities both for hydro-simulations and diagnostics. Carbon is one of the most interesting elements under investigation, since it is likely to be a major plasma-facing wall component in ITER, and it plays a major role in inertial fusion scenarios. Also, some laser experiments have focused on the spectrally resolved emission from hydrocarbon systems. Therefore, radiative properties from carbon plasmas must be known and, as a consequence, the theoretical study of these plasmas is a subject of current interest and many efforts are headed. In particular, recent NLTE workshops have focused on comparisons of modelling calculations for specific cases that allow testing the models since there are very few experimental measurements for carbon plasmas. For these reasons it is interesting to characterize them in a wide range of plasma conditions. In a previous work we carried out an exhaustive study of optically thin carbon plasmas under steady state condition in a wide range of electron densities and temperatures given by (1-200) eV and (10 12 -10 22 ) cm -3 respectively [1], where CE, NLTE or LTE regimes are achieved. In this work we analyse the reabsorption radiation effects for homogeneous carbon plasmas in planar geometry by means of the escape factor formalism. We focus our attention on the average ionization and ionic populations as well as the multifrequential and mean opacity. All the calculations presented in this work were performed by using ABAKO code [1] which integrates the RAPCAL code [2] in order to calculate optical properties for a wide range of temperatures and electron number densitie

Multifrequential and mean opacity calculation of carbon plasmas in a wide range of density and temperature

The purpose of this work is to calculate the multifrequential and mean opacity of optically thin carbon plasmas in a wide range of density and temperature, where corona equilibrium, local thermodynamic equilibrium and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium regimes are present

Titanioa, Guggenheim museoa eraikitzeko erabili zenetik, ezagunagoa dugun materiala

Titanioa taula periodikoaren 22. elementua da. Haren dentsitatea 4.51 g/cm3 da, haren urtze-tenperatura 1.660 °C eta haren atomo-konfi- gurazioa [Ar]3d24s2. Giro-tenperaturan hcp egitura hexagonala du eta ha- ren sare-konstantea 2.95 A da. Titanioa unibertsoan zehar oso kopuru handietan bananduta dago eta lurrazalean, izarretan eta meteoritoetan aurki dezakegu. Gure planetan tita- nioa oso ugaria da. Hala ere, haren erauzketa ez da batere merkea. Ilme- nita (hematita (Fe2O3) zeinean titanioak burdinaren kopuruaren erdia ordezkatu du), titanomagnetita (magnetita (Fe3O4) zeinean titanioak bur- dinaren kopuruaren herena ordezkatu du) eta errutilo (TiO2) mineraletan titanioa erauzteko iturriak lor ditzakegu. Lurrazalean dagoen titanioaren kontzentrazioa %0.6koa da eta kopuruari dagokionez, metal estruktura- len artean laugarrena da (aluminio, burdina eta magnesioaren atzetik). Kromoa baino hogei bider ugariagoa da, nikela baino hogeita hamar bi- der ugariagoa, kobrea baino hirurogei bider ugariagoa, wolframioa baino ehun bider ugariagoa eta molibdenoa baino seiehun bider ugariagoa