CEVI Euskadi bizi-gertaeren zeregina memoria autobiografikoan eta kolektiboan, eta ongizatearekin duten lotura

288 p.Tesi honek gizabanakoa bere testuingururik zabalenean aztertzen du, eta berreraikitze biografikoa bera aztertzen du, bere bizitzako esperientzietatik gordetzen dituen oroitzapen esanguratsuenetan oinarrituta. Esperientzia subjektiboaren bidez, gertakari pertsonalen eta kolektiboen oroitzapen autobiografikoaren edukia aztertzen du, eta iraganeko bizi-gertaeren eta gertaera sozio-historikoen oroitzapena orainaldiaren ongizatearekin nola lotzen den aztertzen du. CEVI proiektua deskribatzen da (1. azterlana). Proiektu horrek oinarrizko esparru kontzeptuala eta eskuizkribuaren azterketa enpirikoetan aplikatutako protokoloa ezartzen ditu. Bizi-gertakarien eta horiek ongizatearekin duten harremanaren memoria autobiografikoan ikertzen da (2. azterlana), bizitzan zehar izan duten bilakaera aztertuz, konparazio transkultural batean [EAE (N = 267) eta Gazako Zerrenda (N = 676). Era berean, (3. azterlana) memoria kolektiboaren edukia eta horrek EAEko (N = 434) eta Gazako Zerrendako (N = 605) ongizatearekin duen lotura aztertzen da (4b azterlana). Azkenik (4a azterlana), munduko gertaera sozio-historikoen (Europa, Latinoamerika eta Ekialde Hurbila) belaunaldi-memoriaren azterketa gehitu da (N = 7.626). Emaitzek aditzera ematen dutenez, bizi-aldaketa positiboko gertaera gehiago izaten dira negatiboak baino, eta irabazien beherakada mailakatua eta bizitzan zehar izandako galera-gertaeren gorakada erakusten dute. Gertaera pertsonalen eta kolektiboen balorazioak ongizatearekin lotzeari dagokionez, laburbilduz, lotura kongruentea gertatzen da, eta positiboa ongizaterako negatiboa baino indartsuagoa dela ikusten da. Memoria kolektiboaren edukiari dagokionez, oro har, sozio-zentrismorako joera ikusten da, iragan politikoarekin lotuta (EAE eta Gaza). Azkenik, agerian geratzen da zenbait gertaera sozio-historikoren garrantzi sozialak eragina duela belaunaldi desberdinen oroitzapenean, eta, aldi berean, identitatearen prestakuntza-aldian gertatutako zenbait gertaera sozio-historikoren gain-oroitzapena ikusten da, eta oroitzapenaren aldi-kritiko horren garrantzia egiaztatzen da gertaera sozio-historiko jakin batzuk belaunaldi espezifikoen kohorteekin (kohorte-efektua) elkartzean; azken batean, belaunaldi-memoriaren eraketan. Gertaera sozio-historiko batzuk belaunaldi jakin batzuekin lotzen dira, eta agerian uzten dute identitatearen prestakuntza-aldiak (10-30 urte) oroitzapenaren aldi kritiko gisa duen garrantzia; aldiz, gizartean eragin handia duten beste batzuk gizarte baten kohorte desberdinek gogoratzen dituzte (aldi-efektua)

Hechos vitales de cambio y bienestar: un estudio retrospectivo con jóvenes adultos españoles comparando listas de hechos estresantes con el recuerdo libre codificado de hechos de cambio en el último año

In this article we review the literature over life events and their impact on well-being. The temporal period of impact, the impact differences according to the valence or whether the events are positive or negative, as well as their relationship with the hedonic and eudaemonic well-being is reviewed. Likewise, the influence of personality, age, gender, and social status is reviewed in the life events experience. In an empirical study with two samples of the Basque Country, we examined the free remembering of life events in the last year in one sample, and the recognition of them in the other one. A list of life events inspired on Holmes and Rahe Abstract(1967) and a categorization code-list remembered from the CEVI program. It is described examining its content validity. 14 events that were present in both samples were compared. As usual, in memory studies, recognition is greater than remembering/memory (10 times greater). The evaluations of the valence of the remembered and recognized events do not differ. The percentage of memory andrecognition are positively associated (r = .32).The association between life events and well-being is stronger when the data are collected by recognition, in the case of negative effects. The recognized negative life events and the valuation of these are associated with lowest well-being. The positive life events remembered are associated with greater well- being, confirming the construct validity. Evaluation is associated more strongly than the frequency of events with well-being. Resultsare discussed based on the relationship between life events and well-being.En este artículo revisamos la literatura sobre hechos de cambio durante el curso de la vida y su impacto en el bienestar. Se revisó el periodo temporal de impacto, las diferencias de impacto según la valencia, o si los hechos fueron positivos o negativos, así como su relación con el bienestar hedónico y eudaimónico. Asimismo, se revisó la influencia de la personalidad, edad, género y el estatus social en la vivencia de hechos vitales. Es un estudio empírico, con dos muestras del País Vasco; en una se examina el recuerdo libre de hechos de cambio el último año, en la otra el reconocimiento de los mismos. Se describe una lista de hechos de cambio inspirada en Holmes y Rahe (1967) y una rejilla de categorización de hechos de cambio recordados del programa CEVI, examinando su validez de contenido. Se compararon 14 hechos que estaban presentes en ambas muestras. Como es habitual en estudios de memoria, el reconocimiento es mayor que el recuerdo (diez veces mayor). La evaluación de la valencia de los hechos recordados y reconocidos no difirieron. El porcentaje de recuerdo y reconocimiento se asocian positivamente (r= .32). La asociación entre la frecuencia de hechos de cambio y bienestar es más fuerte cuando los datos se recogen por reconocimiento, en el caso de los hechos negativos, aunque similar cuando se basa en la valoración de estos. Los hechos de cambio negativos reconocidos y la valoración de éstos se asocian a menor bienestar. Los hechos de cambio positivos recordados se asocian a mayor bienestar, confirmando la validez de constructo. La valoración se asocia más fuertemente que la frecuencia de hechos al bienestar. Se discuten los resultados en base a la relación entre hechos de cambio y bienestar

Social identity, perceived emotional synchrony, creativity, social representations, and participation in social movements: the case of the 2019 chilean populist protests

This paper analyzes the socio-cognitive and emotional processes related to collective action in the context of the 2019 populist social movement in Chile. It proposes an integrative explanation of populism as social movements and collective gatherings along with their relation with creativity and social representations of mass movements. A comprehensive online survey was used (n = 262) that included measures of participation in demonstrations, identification with protesters or the government, agreement with social movement grievances, collective efficacy, perceived emotional synchrony, collective action, self-reported cognitive creativity, and individuals’ proposals for improvement of society and ideas associated with stimuli (e.g., the concepts of majority or minority). Our results revealed that identification with demonstrators, agreement with protesters’ grievances, a high perceived emotional synchrony or collective effervescence, and higher creativity responses were associated with an active participation in the social movement. Higher participation and factors conducive to participation were associated with lexical clusters of responses to stimuli that include words such as rights, justice, injustice, bravery, dignity, or hope, which were conceived of as positive social representations of the populist social movement. These findings are discussed within the neo-Durkheimian framework of collective gatherings and the perspective of populism as a social movement that seeks to renew and expand democracy. Copyright © 2021 Castro-Abril, Da Costa, Navarro-Carrillo, Caicedo-Moreno, Gracia-Leiva, Bouchat, Cordero, Méndez and Paez

Aerosol Delivery by Inhalation Catheter and Trachea Digitalization

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is related with high mortality and morbidity in preterm infants and the best approach to treat it is an open research field. The use of perfluorocarbons (PFC) together with non-invasive respiratory support techniques, such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), has confirmed its effectiveness to achieve a more homogeneous surfactant distribution. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the main features of the aerosol generated by an intracorporeal inhalation catheter, which consists of one central lumen delivering the liquid and six peripheral lumens delivering compressed air. Firstly, experiments were made through an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) with sterile water and perfluorocarbon FC75 with a driving pressure of 4 bar to analyze properties linked with lung deposition such as the aerodynamic diameter (Da), mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD). Subsequently, a numerical model was developed with CFD techniques. The experimental validation of the numerical model provides an accurate prediction of the air flow axial velocity.This work has been supported by Consolidated Groups from the Basque Government. Technical and human support provided by IZO-SGI, SGIker is gratefully acknowledged

Superordinate identities and self-transcendent emotions: Longitudinal study in Spain and Chile

Recent studies suggest that identification with all humanity (IWAH), apart from being related to universalistic values, could also be related to self-transcendent emotions (STE). In this scenario, the general objective of this cross-cultural longitudinal study is to examine the relationship between identification with proximate categories (i.e., community and country) and superordinate one (all humanity), and their association with positive self-oriented and STEs during a traumatic global phenomenon such as COVID-19 pandemics. Additionally, we explore variations regarding the patterns of those associations in different cultural contexts (Chile and Spain) and examine whether they change among two different time points (T1-T2). The total sample was composed of 403 participants, of whom 224 were residents in Chile (M = 39.25, SD = 12.56; range 18-71 years; 49.6% women) and 179 were residents in Spain (M = 36.35, SD = 12.12; range 18-68 years; 59.8% women). Data collection was carried out in September (T1) and November (T2) 2020, through online surveys administered via Survey Monkey(R) platform. Overall, results show, as expected, greater identification with proximate categories rather than superordinate ones, and an association between STEs and IWAH, but also with national and community identification. IWAH, but not STEs decreased significantly (T1-T2) in both countries. Thereafter, these emotional and behavioral responses decline as a symptom of growing fatigue with the pandemic situation, and also reflect a shift from broader to more local concerns. Analysis regarding comparisons between countries indicated higher levels of identification with community and with all humanity in Spain and with country in Chile. The results are discussed in the context of new developments in studies on IWAH.This work was supported by FONDECYT Iniciación N°11190980 granted to AW; by Project INNES of MINEDUC ref. UCN19101, PEI UCN, granted to AW, DD, FB, and AL; and by Postdoctoral Research Grant (MARSA22/43) from the University of the Basque Country, funded by The Spanish Ministry of Universities and European Union-Next GenerationEU granted to LM. As well as by funds granted to the Research Group: Culture, Cognition and Emotion (CCE), by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ref. PID2020-115738GB-I00), and by the Basque Government (Ref. IT1598-22)

Aerosol Delivery by Inhalation Catheter and Trachea Digitalization

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is related with high mortality and morbidity in preterm infants and the best approach to treat it is an open research field. The use of perfluorocarbons (PFC) together with non-invasive respiratory support techniques, such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), has confirmed its effectiveness to achieve a more homogeneous surfactant distribution. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the main features of the aerosol generated by an intracorporeal inhalation catheter, which consists of one central lumen delivering the liquid and six peripheral lumens delivering compressed air. Firstly, experiments were made through an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) with sterile water and perfluorocarbon FC75 with a driving pressure of 4 bar to analyze properties linked with lung deposition such as the aerodynamic diameter (Da), mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD). Subsequently, a numerical model was developed with CFD techniques. The experimental validation of the numerical model provides an accurate prediction of the air flow axial velocity.This work has been supported by Consolidated Groups from the Basque Government. Technical and human support provided by IZO-SGI, SGIker is gratefully acknowledged

Evaluación del Proyecto Stopdrogas en Ambientes Universitarios

En este trabajo se evalúa el Proyecto StopDrogas. Interreg-III Portugal-España desarrollado durante el año 2005. Se trata de un proyecto para formar líderes universitarios con la finalidad de que intervengan, fun- damentalmente en aspectos preventivos de la drogadicción en el ámbito de la enseñanza superior. Forman parte de este proyecto instituciones como la Universidad de Huelva en España, la Universidad de Faro y el Instituto Politécnico de Beja en Portugal y la Diputación Provincial de Huelva también de España

Tell me what you are like and I will tell you what you believe in: Social representations of COVID-19 in the Americas, Europe and Asia.

This study analyzes the range and content of Social Representations (SRs) about the COVID-19 pandemic in 21 geographical zones from 17 countries in the Americas, Europe and Asia (N = 4430). Based on Social Representations Theory, as well as the psychosocial consequences of pandemics and crises, we evaluate the perceptions of severity and risks, the agreement with different SRs, and participants’ Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). Different sets of beliefs are discussed as SRs, together with their prevalence and association with contextual variables. Results show that severity and risk perceptions were associated with different SRs of the pandemic. Specifically, those focused on Emerging Externalizing zoonotic and ecological factors (the virus is due to Chinese unhygienic habits and the overexploitation of the planet), Polemic Conspiracies (the virus is a weapon), views of Elite and Mass Villains (the elites deceive us and profit with the pandemic), and Personal Responsibility (the neglectful deserves contagion) during the pandemic. Furthermore, most of the SRs are anchored in SDO and, more strongly, in RWA orientations. Additional meta-analyses and multi-level regressions show that the effects are replicated in most geographical areas and that risk perception was a consistent explanatory variable, even after controlling for demographics and ‘real risk’ (i.e., actual numbers of contagion and death). Results suggest that, while coping with and making sense of the pandemic, authoritarian subjects agree with SR that feed a sense of social control and legitimize outgroup derogation, and support punishment of ingroup lowstatus deviants.University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain

Collective Effervescence, Self-Transcendence, and Gender Differences in Social Well-Being During 8 March Demonstrations

8 March (8M), now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms (i.e., behavioral and attentional synchrony, perceived emotional synchrony, and positive and transcendent emotions) involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal well-being (i.e., affective well-being and beliefs of personal growth) and collective well-being (i.e., social integration variables: situated identity, solidarity and fusion), collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people (age 18–79; M = 30.55; SD = 11.66) from countries in Latin America (Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador) and Europe (Spain and Portugal), with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants (n = 1,271; 94.0% female) and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks (n = 1,583; 75.87% female). Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals.Fil: Zumeta, Larraitz N.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Castro Abril, Pablo. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Méndez, Lander. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Pizarro, José J.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Włodarczyk, Anna. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Basabe, Nekane. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Navarro Carrillo, Ginés. Universidad de Jaén; EspañaFil: Padoan De Luca, Sonia. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: da Costa, Silvia. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Alonso Arbiol, Itziar. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Torres Gómez, Bárbara. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Cakal, Huseyin. Keele University; Reino UnidoFil: Delfino, Gisela Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Techio, Elza M.. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Alzugaray, Carolina. Universidad de Santo Tomas; ChileFil: Bilbao, Marian. Universidad Alberto Hurtado; ChileFil: Villagrán, Loreto. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: López López, Wilson. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Ruiz Pérez, José Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Cedeño, Cynthia C.. Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; EcuadorFil: Reyes Valenzuela, Carlos. Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar - Sede Ecuador.; EcuadorFil: Alfaro Beracoechea, Laura. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Contreras Ibáñez, Carlos César. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Ibarra, Manuel Leonardo. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; MéxicoFil: Reyes Sosa, Hiram. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila; MéxicoFil: Cueto, Rosa María. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Carvalho, Catarina L.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Pinto, Isabel R.. Universidad de Porto; Portuga

Sociopolitical consequences of COVID-19 in the Americas, Europe, and Asia: A multilevel, multicountry investigation of risk perceptions and support for antidemocratic practices

Although different social crises may eventually favor undemocratic and authoritarian forms of governance, at some point, such antidemocratic practices require the support of a significant part of the population to be implemented. The present research investigates how and whether the COVID-19 pandemic might have favoured greater support for antidemocratic governmental practices, on the premise of regaining control and security. Using data from 17 countries (N = 4364) and national-level indicators (i.e., real number of contagions and deaths, and sociopolitical indicators), we test how the risk of contagion and death from COVID-19, along with personal orientations (i.e., social dominance orientation [SDO], right-wing authoritarianism [RWA], and perceived anomie) motivate authoritarian and antidemocratic practices. Results from multilevel models indicate that risk perception and perceptions of political instability predict a wish for stronger leadership, agreement with martial law, and support for a controlling government especially when SDO and RWA are high, while more egalitarian and less conservative people agree less with these authoritarian measures in spite of the levels of risk perception. We discuss the implications for these findings for future research on similar but also dissimilar external events (natural disasters, war, or terror incidents) and the consequences for societies with higher authoritarian tendencies.Fil: Pizarro, José J.. Universidad Católica del Norte; Chile. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Cakal, Huseyin. Keele University; Reino UnidoFil: Méndez, Lander. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Zumeta, Larraitz N.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Gracia-Leiva, Marcela. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Basabe, Nekane. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Navarro-Carrillo, Ginés. Universidad de Jaén; EspañaFil: Cazan, Ana Maria. Transilvania University of Brasov; RumaniaFil: Keshavarzi, Saeed. Independent Researcher; IránFil: López López, Wilson. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Yahiiaiev, Illia. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; UcraniaFil: Alzugaray Ponce, Carolina. Universidad Santo Tomas; ChileFil: Villagrán, Loreto. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Moyano Díaz, Emilio. Universidad de Talca; ChileFil: Petrović, Nebojša. University of Belgrade; SerbiaFil: Mathias, Anderson. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila; MéxicoFil: Techio, Elza M.. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Wlodarczyk, Anna. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Alfaro-Beracoechea, Laura. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Ibarra, Manuel L.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Michael, Andreas. University of Cyprus; ChipreFil: Mhaskar, Sumeet. O.p. Jindal Global University; IndiaFil: Martínez Zelaya, Gonzalo. Universidad Viña del Mar; ChileFil: Bilbao, Marian. Universidad Alberto Hurtado; ChileFil: Delfino, Gisela Isabel. Universidad Pontificia Comillas; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Carvalho, Catarina L.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Pinto, Isabel R.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Mohsin, Falak Zehra. Karachi School Of Business And Leadership; PakistánFil: Espinosa, Agustín. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Cueto, Rosa María. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Cavalli, Stefano. Scuola Universitaria Professionale Della Svizzera Italiana; ItaliaFil: da Costa, Silvia. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Amutio, Alberto. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chile. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Alonso Arbiol, Itziar. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Páez, Darío. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chil