Vācu okupācijas demogrāfisko seku analīze Latvijas PSR 1941.-1945. g

LVU Medicīnas fakultātes lektora un docenta v.i., Veselības aizsardzības organizācijas katedras pirmā vadītāja Grigorija Lemperta medicīnas zinātņu kandidāta disertācijas kserokopija ar A. Vīksnas komentāriem latviešu valodā

Unsustainable-Sustainability Within The Swedish Municipality : a quantitative content analysis of the representation of sustainable development within Karlskrona municipality's general plan.

This study aims to research the Swedish municipality's political implementation of sustainable development and if the implementation can be considered weakly or strongly sustainable. The study also researches what effects resilience has on that outcome. To achieve this aim, the study has chosen to use a quantitative case study together with a content analysis method applied on Karlskrona's overview plan for 2050. The study has chosen to use international and national authorities' definitions of sustainability and resilience for its theory. Theories about strong and weak sustainable development defined by Stig Montin and Mikael Granberg were also used to form the studies theory. The case study was made by analyzing frequencies of paragraphs containing aspects of resilience or of sustainability. Both groups were divided into subgroups defined as economic, ecological and social dimensions respectively. The result of this case study was that aspects of resilience appear a lot less than aspects of sustainability but that an inclusion of resilience is paramount for the overview plan to be considered strongly sustainable. This appeared as a result when aspects of resilience were removed it created an imbalance between the dimensions of  sustainability which caused the plan to be considered weakly sustainable

Unsustainable-Sustainability Within The Swedish Municipality : a quantitative content analysis of the representation of sustainable development within Karlskrona municipality's general plan.

This study aims to research the Swedish municipality's political implementation of sustainable development and if the implementation can be considered weakly or strongly sustainable. The study also researches what effects resilience has on that outcome. To achieve this aim, the study has chosen to use a quantitative case study together with a content analysis method applied on Karlskrona's overview plan for 2050. The study has chosen to use international and national authorities' definitions of sustainability and resilience for its theory. Theories about strong and weak sustainable development defined by Stig Montin and Mikael Granberg were also used to form the studies theory. The case study was made by analyzing frequencies of paragraphs containing aspects of resilience or of sustainability. Both groups were divided into subgroups defined as economic, ecological and social dimensions respectively. The result of this case study was that aspects of resilience appear a lot less than aspects of sustainability but that an inclusion of resilience is paramount for the overview plan to be considered strongly sustainable. This appeared as a result when aspects of resilience were removed it created an imbalance between the dimensions of  sustainability which caused the plan to be considered weakly sustainable

Accepterat pris : Effekter av den nya prismodellen i Stockholms innerstad

Begreppet lockpriser har på senare tid fått utstå hård kritik i media. På grund av detta har många fastighetsmäklare i Stockholms innerstad sedan augusti 2011, gemensamt gått över till prismodellen accepterat pris. Accepterat pris ska ge en indikation av vilket pris säljaren är beredd att sälja till, det angivna priset är dock ej bindande.   Detta är en rapport som är gjord för att jämföra hur mycket skillnaden mellan utgångspris och slutpris har varit före och efter införandet av accepterat pris. Vi har valt att geografiskt avgränsa oss endast till Stockholms innerstad där vi även har jämfört de olika delmarknaderna Kungsholmen, Södermalm, Vasastan och Östermalm med varandra.   Rapporten omfattas dels av en empirisk analys av utgångspriser och slutpriser i Stockholms innerstad, dels av intervjuer genomförda med berörda mäklare i områdena.   Med hjälp av den inhämtade prisstatistiken kan vi konstatera att införandet av accepterat pris har gjort att skillnaderna mellan utgångspris och slutpris minskat från 25,6 procent till 2,4 procent. En liten ökning mellan utgångspris och slutpris kan ses de senaste två månaderna, vilket beror på att utgångspriserna inte följt med prisutvecklingen.   Precis som en tidigare studie visat, är skillnaden betydligt mindre på Östermalm än i övriga Stockholms innerstad. Trots att kunder enligt mäklarkåren reagerat positivt på att differensen mellan utgångspris och slutpris minskat, visar våra intervjuer med mäklare att förtroendet för branschen inte har ökat

Optimization of Waste Fuel Mix and Storage of Imported Waste Fuel

Fjärrvärmebranschen i Sverige har sedan mitten av 1990-talet varit i en stagnationsfas, där mängden producerad och förbrukad energi i stort sett varit konstant, trots stora investeringar i fjärrvärmenätet. Samtidigt har den höga andelen återvinning gjort att det råder brist på avfallsbränsle till energiåtervinning i Sverige. I kombination med hög konkurrens om avfallsbränslet har detta medfört att aktörerna på marknaden tvingats se sig om efter nya vägar att tillfredsställa behovet av bränsle, vilket lett till att det idag importeras stora mängder avfall för energiåtervinning från utlandet. Vid Vattenfalls fjärrvärmeverk i Uppsala har det mellan åren 2006-2013 återvunnits i snitt drygt 360 000 ton avfall per år. En stor del av detta hämtas in från lokala kunder, både kommuner och privata aktörer, men man har på senare tid även behövt börja importera avfall för att tillfredsställa energibehovet. Vattenfall i Uppsala har valt att framför allt rikta blickarna mot de brittiska öarna, varifrån avfall levereras med fartyg till hamnen i Hargshamn. Anläggningen består av tre förbränningsugnar, block 1, 4 och 5, där block 1 och 4 har en gemensam bunker där avfall förvaras innan förbränning, och den nyare block 5 har en egen bunker. I detta arbete har ett planeringsverktyg skapats i Microsoft Excel. Planeringsverktyget, Fuel Logistics Optimal Planner (FLOP), använder linjärprogrammering för att generera en optimal avfallsblandning som givet ugnarnas effekt maximerar anläggningens intäkter från kunderna. Det ger även svar på frågorna i vilken bunker en given kund ska tippa sitt avfall en given vecka, ger en optimal lagernivå för lagret i Hargshamn, samt information om under vilka veckor båtar med avfall bör anlända hamnen. FLOP stöttar logistikansvarige vid anläggningen i arbetet att skapa en veckoplanering som ligger till grund för hur mycket avfall som ska beställas från de individuella kunderna under nästkommande vecka. En jämförelse mot planeringen och utfallet för 2013 visar att FLOP genererar 2,97 % högre intäkter än den tidigare planeringen, och 0,17 % högre intäkter gentemot det verkliga utfallet för året. Detta trots att en ugn, block 3, togs ur bruk under året och således inte används i FLOP. Under 2013 stod block 3 för ungefär 3,4 % av all förbränning som skedde vid anläggningen.The first district heating-system in Sweden was implemented in the city of Karlstad in 1948 and the favorable environment for this technology lead to a quick expansion that lasted all the way to the mid 1990’s. Since then, however, the industry has stagnated due to climate change, an increase in energy efficient buildings and market saturation. This has led to the need for new strategies for the parties involved with district heating. In Sweden, many of the incinerators used for district heating use waste fuel as the main fuel source. The increased recycling of mainly household waste and the high competition on the waste incineration market has forced the affected parties to look abroad for waste fuel. Vattenfall’s waste incineration plant in Uppsala uses waste fuel and peat as main fuel for the incinerators, and between the years 2006-2013 the average annual amount of waste fuel incinerated amounted to around 360 000 metric tons. There are three incinerators, block 1, 4 and 5, connected to two bunkers storing waste fuel. Blocks 1 and 4 get their fuel from one bunker, and the newer block 5 has its own bunker attached. From the bunkers, the fuel is distributed to the incinerators by an overhead crane. The fuel is brought in from local customers at the customer’s expense for energy recovery. On top of this, Vattenfall also owns a storage facility in Hargshamn, to which it imports waste fuel from customers predominantly from the British Isles. Vattenfall then transports this waste fuel to the incineration plant whenever there is a shortage of fuel from local customers. Today, the logistics manager at the facility receives a yearly plan of all the local, contracted customers with information on how much waste each individual customer should deliver each month of the year. Every week, the logistics manager then breaks down this plan into a weekly plan, before sending out an order to each customer detailing how much waste they are expected to deliver during the subsequent week. The customers then deliver the specified amount of waste and tip it into either of the two bunkers at the facility. If one bunker is being utilized more than the other, the operators of the overhead cranes can signal to the drivers of the waste fuel trucks not to use that bunker for the time being. It is also up to the operators to make sure they feed the incinerators with an appropriate mix of fuel to keep the incinerators operating at a suitable rate. In this work, we have created a planning tool, Fuel Logistics Optimal Planner (FLOP), using Microsoft Excel and the OpenSolver add-in to yield an optimal fuel mix in the respective bunkers in regard to maximizing the overall revenue from the customers. FLOP also presents the user with an optimal storage level of waste fuel at the storage facility in Hargshamn, and informs the logistics manager about which weeks new shipments of waste fuel should arrive at the warehouse. A linear programming model was created to answer these questions. The model is based on the blending problem to get the optimal waste fuel mix to the bunkers, but it has also been influenced by the inventory management problem to make sure the storage level in Hargshamn is optimal. Backtesting FLOP against the planned and actual revenue of 2013 shows that FLOP increases the planned revenue by 2.97 % and surpasses the actual revenue by 0.17 %. During parts of 2013 a fourth incinerator, block 3, was operative at the plant, responsible for about 3.4 % of the total weight of waste incinerated. This incinerator has been omitted in the comparison

Mutations in HECW2 are associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy

BACKGROUND: De novo mutations are a frequent cause of disorders related to brain development. We report the results of screening patients diagnosed with both epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) using exome sequencing to identify known and new causative de novo mutations relevant to these conditions. METHODS: Exome sequencing was performed on 39 patient-parent trios to identify de novo mutations. Clinical significance of de novo mutations in genes was determined using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standard guidelines for interpretation of coding variants. Variants in genes of unknown clinical significance were further analysed in the context of previous trio sequencing efforts in neurodevelopmental disorders. RESULTS: In 39 patient-parent trios we identified 29 de novo mutations in coding sequence. Analysis of de novo and inherited variants yielded a molecular diagnosis in 11 families (28.2%). In combination with previously published exome sequencing results in neurodevelopmental disorders, our analysis implicates HECW2 as a novel candidate gene in ID and epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of exome sequencing as a diagnostic approach for ID and epilepsy, and confirm previous results regarding the importance of de novo mutations in this patient group. The results also highlight the utility of network analysis and comparison to previous large-scale studies as strategies to prioritise candidate genes for further studies. This study adds knowledge to the increasingly growing list of causative and candidate genes in ID and epilepsy and highlights HECW2 as a new candidate gene for neurodevelopmental disorders

Exome sequencing reveals NAA15 and PUF60 as candidate genes associated with intellectual disability

Intellectual Disability (ID) is a clinically heterogeneous condition that affects 2-3% of population worldwide. In recent years, exome sequencing has been a successful strategy for studies of genetic causes of ID, providing a growing list of both candidate and validated ID genes. In this study, exome sequencing was performed on 28 ID patients in 27 patient-parent trios with the aim to identify de novo variants (DNVs) in known and novel ID associated genes. We report the identification of 25 DNVs out of which five were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Among these, a two base pair deletion was identified in the PUF60 gene, which is one of three genes in the critical region of the 8q24.3 microdeletion syndrome (Verheij syndrome). Our result adds to the growing evidence that PUF60 is responsible for the majority of the symptoms reported for carriers of a microdeletion across this region. We also report variants in several genes previously not associated with ID, including a de novo missense variant in NAA15. We highlight NAA15 as a novel candidate ID gene based on the vital role of NAA15 in the generation and differentiation of neurons in neonatal brain, the fact that the gene is highly intolerant to loss of function and coding variation, and previously reported DNVs in neurodevelopmental disorders