La Nueva Sociedad Educativa. La Utopía de Illich

The aim of this article is to consider the power of school system based on Ivan Illich’s (1926 – 2002) thoughts. This article is based on a doctoral research in which Ivan Illich’s work on modernized poverty was analyzed systematically by an immanent reconstruction concentrating on his most essential books published in the 1970s. This article, however, focuses on his book Deschooling Society (1971), and represents systematic analysis of its school-related criticism. Furthermore, the researchers’ interpretation on the interconnectedness of Illich’s core concepts is introduced as the ultimate result. Illich’s purpose is to show that the society is extorted into a form of school and that we all are dependent on institutionalized services from professionals, in the same way that students are dependent on teachers complying with a curriculum. Along with his criticism, Illich has proposed an alternative model of school system: learning Webs that enable learning on the learner’s own terms without a predetermined plan. From the perspective of the science of education, the essential elements of Illich’s work include a demand for the liberation of education, preservation of autonomy, and increasing reliance on selflearning.El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el poder del sistema educativo basado en las ideas de Ivan Illich (1926-2002). Este artículo está basado en una investigación doctoral en la que se ha analizado y reconstruido de forma sistemática el trabajo de Illich sobre la pobreza modernizada, a partir de sus libros más importantes publicados en los años 70. Este artículo, no obstante, se centra en su libro Deschooling Society (1971) y constituye un análisis de su crítica a la escuela. Además se aporta como resultado final la interpretación del investigador sobre las relaciones entre los conceptos clave de Illich. El propósito de Illich es mostrar que la sociedad está forzada a una determi nada forma de escuel a y que dependemos de servicios institucionalizados por profesionales, de la misma forma que los estudiantes dependen de que los profesores acaten el curriculum. Al mismo tiempo que hace esta crítica, Illich propone un modelo alternativo de sistema educativo: el aprendizaje en red que posibilita el aprendizaje según los intereses del que aprende, sin un plan predeterminado. Desde la perspectiva de las ciencias de la educación los elementos esenciales del trabajo de Illich incluyen una exigencia por una educación l ibre, por preservar la autonomía y por aumentar la importancia de aprender por uno mismo

La Nueva Sociedad Educativa. La Utopía de Illich

The aim of this article is to consider the power of school system based on Ivan Illich’s (1926 – 2002) thoughts. This article is based on a doctoral research in which Ivan Illich’s work on modernized poverty was analyzed systematically by an immanent reconstruction concentrating on his most essential books published in the 1970s. This article, however, focuses on his book Deschooling Society (1971), and represents systematic analysis of its school-related criticism. Furthermore, the researchers’ interpretation on the interconnectedness of Illich’s core concepts is introduced as the ultimate result. Illich’s purpose is to show that the society is extorted into a form of school and that we all are dependent on institutionalized services from professionals, in the same way that students are dependent on teachers complying with a curriculum. Along with his criticism, Illich has proposed an alternative model of school system: learning Webs that enable learning on the learner’s own terms without a predetermined plan. From the perspective of the science of education, the essential elements of Illich’s work include a demand for the liberation of education, preservation of autonomy, and increasing reliance on selflearning.El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el poder del sistema educativo basado en las ideas de Ivan Illich (1926-2002). Este artículo está basado en una investigación doctoral en la que se ha analizado y reconstruido de forma sistemática el trabajo de Illich sobre la pobreza modernizada, a partir de sus libros más importantes publicados en los años 70. Este artículo, no obstante, se centra en su libro Deschooling Society (1971) y constituye un análisis de su crítica a la escuela. Además se aporta como resultado final la interpretación del investigador sobre las relaciones entre los conceptos clave de Illich. El propósito de Illich es mostrar que la sociedad está forzada a una determi nada forma de escuel a y que dependemos de servicios institucionalizados por profesionales, de la misma forma que los estudiantes dependen de que los profesores acaten el curriculum. Al mismo tiempo que hace esta crítica, Illich propone un modelo alternativo de sistema educativo: el aprendizaje en red que posibilita el aprendizaje según los intereses del que aprende, sin un plan predeterminado. Desde la perspectiva de las ciencias de la educación los elementos esenciales del trabajo de Illich incluyen una exigencia por una educación l ibre, por preservar la autonomía y por aumentar la importancia de aprender por uno mismo

Hyvä rehtorius : opettajien ja rehtorien näkemyksiä alakoulun johtamisesta

Rehtori johtaa koulua, jonka työnkuva tulee muuttumaan tulevaisuudessa monipuolisempien työtehtävien vuoksi. Tähän ratkaisuina voi olla tehtävien ja vastuiden jakaminen muiden työntekijöiden kanssa. Yhteistyöllä voi saavuttaa tulevaisuudessa hyviä tuloksia koulussa, kuten tutkimus osoittaa. Laadullisen tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää millaista on hyvä rehtorius. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tuoda esille opettajien ja rehtorien näkemyksiä hyvästä alakoulun johtamisesta. Tutkimuksen avulla saadaan tietoa siitä kuinka rehtori selviää haastavasta työstään, miten hän voi kehittyä työssään ja valmistautua tuleviin muutoksiin. Teoreettinen viitekehys koostuu koulun johtamisen perusteista. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu opettajien ja rehtorien teemahaastatteluista. Analyysimenetelmänä on käytetty teoriaohjaavaa sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimustuloksena on kuvio hyvän rehtoriuden ainesosista, joita ovat rehtori hallintoviranomaisena, rehtori laivan kapteenina, rehtori tehtävä- ja henkilöstökeskeisenä sekä valmentavana koulun johtajana, vuorovaikutuksellinen rehtori on mukana koulun arjessa ja jaettu johtajuus on tulevaisuuden koulun johtamista

New Educational Society. The Illichs Utophy

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el poder del sistema educativo basado en las ideas de Ivan Illich (1926-2002). Este artículo está basado en una investigación doctoral en la que se ha analizado y reconstruido de forma sistemática el trabajo de Illich sobre la pobreza modernizada, a partir de sus libros más importantes publicados en los años 70. Este artículo, no obstante, se centra en su libro Deschooling Society (1971) y constituye un análisis de su crítica a la escuela. Además se aporta como resultado final la interpretación del investigador sobre las relaciones entre los conceptos clave de Illich. El propósito de Illich es mostrar que la sociedad está forzada a una determi nada forma de escuel a y que dependemos de servicios institucionalizados por profesionales, de la misma forma que los estudiantes dependen de que los profesores acaten el curriculum. Al mismo tiempo que hace esta crítica, Illich propone un modelo alternativo de sistema educativo: el aprendizaje en red que posibilita el aprendizaje según los intereses del que aprende, sin un plan predeterminado. Desde la perspectiva de las ciencias de la educación los elementos esenciales del trabajo de Illich incluyen una exigencia por una educación libre, por preservar la autonomía y por aumentar la importancia de aprender por uno mismo. The aim of this article is to consider the power of school system based on Ivan Illichs (1926 2002) thoughts. This article is based on a doctoral research in which Ivan Illichs work on modernized povert y was analyzed systematically by an immanent reconstruction concentrating on his most essential books published in the 1970s. This article, however, focuses on his book Deschooling Society (1971), and represents systematic analysis of its school-related criticism. Furthermore, the researchers interpretationon the interconnectedness of Illichs core concepts is introduced as the ultimate result. Illichs purpose is to show that the society is extorted into a form of school and that we all are dependent on institutionalized services from professionals, in the same way that students are dependent on teachers complying with a curriculum. Along with his criticism, Illich has proposed an alternative model of school system: learning Webs that enable learning on thelearners own terms with out a predetermined plan. From the perspective of the science of education, the essential elements of Illichs work include a demand for the liberation of education, preservation of autonomy, and increasing reliance on selflearning

NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome gene polymorphism rs7512998 (C>T) predicts aging-related increase of blood pressure, the TAMRISK study

The activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by cellular stress leads to activation of the inflammasome, and NLRP3 gene polymorphisms have been associated with autoinflammatory diseases. Inflammasomes have also been implicated in the initiation or progression of metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The association of NLRP3 genetic variant rs7512998 with blood pressure and hypertension was studied in a 50-year-old Finnish cohort with a subpopulation who had available data on blood pressure measurements also at the age of 45 years. Results NLRP3 gene polymorphism rs7512998 C-allele was associated with higher systolic (p = 0.006) and diastolic (p = 0.011) blood pressure compared to the TT-genotype carriers in 50-year-old subjects. In addition, by analysis of variance for repeated measures between ages of 45- and 50 years there was a significant time by genotype interaction; blood pressure increased more in subjects with the C-allele both in systolic (p = 0.035) and diastolic (p = 0.012) values. However, no association with diagnosed hypertension was found. Conclusion We report for the first time that NLRP3 gene polymorphism rs7512998 was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 50-year-old subjects. In addition, an effect of this variation upon blood pressure was seen in these same subjects in a 5-year follow-up from a 45-year-old cohort to 50 years of age.BioMed Central open acces

Metaforia, piirroksia ja akronyymeja – työkaluja kieltenopettajan käyttöteorian rakentamiseen ja vahvistamiseen ohjatussa harjottelussa

nonPeerReviewe

Variant rs6749447 (T > G) in the serine threonine kinase gene is associated with cardiovascular complications, the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study

ABSTRACT: We have previously shown an association of STK39 (serine threonine kinase) rs6749447 (T > G) with hypertension in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study in 50-year-old subjects. These 1196 subjects were followed up to the age of 65 years to determine whether rs6749447 is also associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), transient ischemic attack (TIA), or early cardiovascular death.DNA samples were collected by buccal swabs and genotypes were determined by PCR. Hypertension, TIA, and CAD were determined by questionnaire and the National Hospital Discharge Registry. Outcomes for death were collected from the National Statistics Centre. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and gene expression correlations for rs6749447 were done in silico.After following the subjects up to the age of 60 years the rs6749447 G-allele still associated with hypertension (P = .009). The variation did not associate with CAD (P = .959). The risk for TIA was 5.2-fold among G-allele carriers compared to TT genotype even after adjusting for body mass index (P = .036, 95% CI 1.11-24.59). After follow-up of the subjects to the age of 65 years, adjusting for body mass index, the G-allele was associated with 3.2-fold risk of premature cardiovascular death (P = .049, 95% CI 1.00-10.01).In conclusion, the STK39 genetic variant rs6749447 was significantly associated with TIA and premature cardiovascular death in a Finnish cohort. The in silico results of linkage disequilibrium and gene expression analyses also showed associations that were distinct from the retention of salt effect on kidneys proposed earlier for this intronic variation.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Periodic cohort health examinations in the TAMRISK study show untoward increases in body mass index and blood pressure during 15 years of follow-up

Background Obesity is a significant risk factor for hypertension and diabetes. A cohort of 50-year-old voluntary periodic health examination (PHE) participants was analyzed 15 years retrospectively. Our aim was to evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in subjects diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes in comparison with healthy controls. Methods Voluntary periodic health examinations (PHE) of the citizens have been carried out by the city of Tampere, Finland. Health data, including body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure, were recorded every five years, starting at the age of 35 (baseline). A total of 339 subjects from the 50-year-old cohort having hypertension and/or diabetes were chosen to the study group. The control group included 604 subjects from the 50-year-old cohort who had the same follow-up information but were not diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes. Results In the study group the mean BMI had increased from 26.1 at baseline to 28.5 at the final 15-year follow-up examination. The corresponding increase in the control group was from 23.8 at baseline to 25.5 at the final follow-up. The difference in change with time between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.04). On the average, the controls gained 4.9 kilograms, whereas subjects in the study group gained 7.0 kilograms over the 15 years of follow-up. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also higher in the study group already at baseline and systolic blood pressure increased with time more in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.004). Conclusions BMI and blood pressure were higher in the study group in comparison with the controls already at baseline at 35 years, and the differences were not favorably changed during the follow-up. Apparently, the effect of PHE had not been as efficient as planned on subjects in the study group, who were already slightly overweight at baseline. Keywords: Periodic health examinations; Body mass index; HypertensionBioMed Central open acces

A multi-omics study to characterize the transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells

Background: Various skeletal disorders display defects in osteoblast development and function. An in vitro model can help to understand underlying disease mechanisms. Currently, access to appropriate starting material for in vitro osteoblastic studies is limited. Native osteoblasts and their progenitors, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, (MSCs) are problematic to isolate from affected patients and challenging to expand in vitro. Human dermal fibroblasts in vitro are a promising substitute source of cells. Method: We developed an in vitro culturing technique to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into osteoblast-like cells. We obtained human fibroblasts from forearm skin biopsy and differentiated them into osteoblast-like cells with ss-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone treatment. Osteoblastic phenotype was confirmed by staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium and phosphate deposits (Alizarin Red, Von Kossa) and by a multi-omics approach (transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses). Result: After 14 days of treatment, both fibroblasts and MSCs (reference cells) stained positive for ALP together with a significant increase in bone specific ALP (p = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) compared to untreated cells. At a later time point, both cell types deposited minerals, indicating mineralization. In addition, fibroblasts and MSCs showed elevated expression of several osteogenic genes (e.g. ALPL, RUNX2, BMPs and SMADs), and decreased expression of SOX9. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of RNA sequencing data from fibroblasts and MSCs showed that the osteoarthritis pathway was activated in both cell types (p_adj. = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Discussion: These data indicate that our in vitro treatment induces osteoblast-like differentiation in fibroblasts and MSCs, producing an in vitro osteoblastic cell system. This culturing system provides an alternative tool for bone biology research and skeletal tissue engineering.Peer reviewe